2024年全國(guó)研究生入學(xué)之英語(yǔ)一考試高頻題(附答案)

姓名:_________________編號(hào):_________________地區(qū):_________________省市:_________________ 密封線 姓名:_________________編號(hào):_________________地區(qū):_________________省市:_________________ 密封線 密封線 全國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試重點(diǎn)試題精編注意事項(xiàng):1.全卷采用機(jī)器閱卷，請(qǐng)考生注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范；考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。2.在作答前，考生請(qǐng)將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、班級(jí)、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)涂寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡規(guī)定位置。

3.部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題部分必須使用黑色簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字體工整，筆跡清楚。

4.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)在答題卡上與題目對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)規(guī)范作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效:在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。一、選擇題

1、Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblems.It1inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen2startstoslowlydeclineasweage.But3agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingoutthatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe4ofbodyfataroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluidintelligence.Thissuggeststhe5thatlifestylefactorsmighthelppreventor6thistypeofdecline.Theresearcherslookedatdatathat7measurementsofleanmuscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand8thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople9highermeasuresofabdominalfat10worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears11.Forwomen,theassociationmaybe12tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuturestudiescould14thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent15formenandwomen.16therearestepsyoucan17tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental18.Thetwohighlyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour19ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingMediterranean-style20thatishighinfiberandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.第（3）題選查看材料A.whileB.sinceC.onceD.until

2、Universitiesarethreateningtopunishstaffwhofailtomakeupforlecturesandseminarscancelledduringstrikes,amovethatunionleaderssaycouldprolongtheindustrialactionInonecasetheUniversityofKenthastoldstaffthatanyfailuretoreschedulelecturesorclasseslostbecauseofthestrikewouldseethemlose50%to100%oftheirpay"foreverydaywhereanindividualcontinuestorefusetoperformtheirfullcontractofemployment".Kent'sheadlinestanceextendstodeductingahighproportionofpayfromlow-paidgraduateteachingassistants,withsomeliabletolosemorethanamonth'spayfortakingpartinthestrikesthathavesofarlastedfivedays.Thestrikebyacademics,librariansandadministratorsoverproposalstoradicallyrestructuretheirpensions,whichtheUniversityandCollegeUnionclaimsitwillcoststafff10,000ayearafterretirementarescheduledtorestartnextweekatabout60universities.LiverpoolUniversity,headedbyJanetBeer,thepresidentoftheUniversitiesUKgroupbackingthepensionchanges,toldstafftheywouldbe"expectedtoprovidelearningmaterials"foreventsmissedthroughstrikesortheycouldhavetheirpaydocked.SheffieldUniversityhadinitiallythreatenedtofurtherdockpaybuttheuniversitybackeddownafterstaffprotests.KeithBurnett,Sheffieldsvice-chancellor,issuedastatementsayingtheuniversitywouldnottakeapunitiveapproach".SallyHunt,theUCUgeneralsecretary,saiduniversitiessuchasKentriskedprolongingthestrikesyadoptingaconfrontationalapproach."Universitiesaretryingawiderangeoftacticstobreakstrikingstaffinthisdispute.Theonethingtheyhaveincommonisthatnoneofthemareworking,HuntsaidLeonSchoonderwoerd,aPh.DstudentintheoreticalphysicswhoisagraduateteachingassistantatKent,saidtheuniversitywastakingabout$200-$250fromhis$300monthlypayfortakingpartinthestrike."Theuniversityhastakentheharshestrouteinthewayithasdecidedtodeductpay,"Schoon-derwoerdsaid.StaffatOxfordandCambridgeuniversitiesareusinginstitutionalproteststochangetheiruniversitiespositionsonthepensionchanges.InOxford,academicshavepetitionedforanemergencydebateatthe,university'scongregationnextweekbutOxfordsleadershipwowedtoblockanydebateusingproceduralrules.Cambridgesvice-chancellor,StephenToope,announcedthattheuniversitywaspreparedtopayhighercontributionsinordertoretainthecurrentpensionschemeandendthedisputeItshouldbenoted,however,thatthisapproachwouldlikelyrequiretrade-offsandcutsinotherpartsoftheuniversity,Toopesaid.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.UniversitiesclaimedtopunishthestrikingstaffovermissedlecturesB.Universityacademicswerefacingtheriskoflosingtheirjobs?C.TheuniversitystaffparticipatedinthestrikesforpensionchangesD.Universityleadershipturnedablindeyetotheirstaffsbenefits

3、Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.A.beforeB.afterC.aboveD.below

4、TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.A.emphasizeB.maintainC.modifyD.recognize

5、TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.A.serveB.satisfyC.upsetD.replace

6、Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.18選？A.AboveallB.AfterallC.HoweverD.Otherwise

7、Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_（1）_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__（2）_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_（3）__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__（4）__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_（5）_.While1%mayseem_（6）_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_（7）_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_（8）_ourkin.”Thestudy_（9）_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_（10）_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_（11）_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_（12）_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_（13）_”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith_（14）_!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_（15）_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_（16）_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_（17）_factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s_（18）_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_（19）_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_（20）_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.10選？A.MeanwhileB.FurthermoreC.LikewiseD.Perhaps

8、Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Today,weliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.(1)_____ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones(2)_____onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.(3)_____yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou(4)_____can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyounavigate(5)_____tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourselfwell(6)_____atrail,butnotinacompletely(7)_____area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which(8)_____isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.(9)_____,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould(10)_____seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe(11)_____howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another(12)_____:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.(13)_____,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto(14)_____gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve(15)_____thewoods.Headtowardthese(16)_____tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor(17)_____lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.(18)_____,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe(19)_____weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan(20)_____youtocivilization.A.artificialB.mysteriousC.hiddenD.limited

9、Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1選？A.SupposeB.ConsiderC.ObserveD.Imagine

10、Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"___1__helpingyoufeelcloseand__2___topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa___3__ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandminD.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou__4___gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipants'susceptibility（敏感性）todevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthat'susually__14___withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty."Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin（后葉催產(chǎn)素）,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.12選？A.defeatsB.symptomsC.errorsD.tests

11、TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid.“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”P(pán)erettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”P(pán)erettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”P(pán)erettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,______.A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedB.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingC.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesD.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

12、Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodowithshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblems.It1inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,andthen2startstoslowlydeclineasweage.But3agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingoutthatcertainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe4ofbodyfataroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluidintelligence.Thissuggeststhe5thatlifestylefactorsmighthelppreventor6thistypeofdecline.Theresearcherslookedatdatathat7measurementsofleanmuscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand8thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople9highermeasuresofabdominalfat10worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligenceastheyears11.Forwomen,theassociationmaybe12tochangesinimmunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,theimmunesystemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuturestudiescould14thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent15formenandwomen.16therearestepsyoucan17tohelpreduceabdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinordertoprotectbothyourphysicalandmental18.Thetwohighlyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingorincreasingyour19ofaerobicexerciseandfollowingMediterranean-style20thatishighinfiberandeliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.第（6）題選查看材料A.delayB.ensureC.seekD.utilize

13、Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather

14、Poets,songwritersandpoliticianshatetheidea,butfordecadesopinion-pollevidencehasbeenclear:moneybuyshappinessandthericheryouare,themorelikelyyouaretoexpresssatisfactionwithyourlife.Untilnow,asurveyof43countries（1）onOctober30thbythepewResearchCenreofWashington,DC,showsthatpeoplein（2）marketsareexpressingalmostthesamelevelofsatisfactionaspeopleinrichcountries.Itisthebiggest（3）tothestandardviewofhappinessandincomeseen（4）ThePewpollasksrespondentsto（5）,onascalefromzerototen,howgoodtheirlivesareThosewhosaybetweensevenandtenarecountedas（6）.In2007,57%ofrespondentsinrichcountriesputthemselvesinthetopfourtiers;inemergingmarketsthe（7）was33%:inpoorcountriesonly16%-aclassic（8）ofthestandardviewButin2014,54%ofrich-countryrespondentscountedthemselvesashappy,whereasinemer-gingmarketsthepercentage（9）to51%.Thiswashappeningjustatatimewhenemergingmarketschancesofconvergingeconomically（10）theWestseemedtobe（11）Richcountriesdidnotexperience（12）declinesinhappiness.ThedecreasesinAmericaandBritainweretiny（asinglepercentagepoint）,13theshareofhappyGermansrose（13）points.Alargedropinformerlyjoyfulspainensuredamodestoveralldeclinefortherich.（14）theconver-gencehappened（15）hugeimprovementsincountriessuchasIndonesiaandPakistan.In12ofthe24emergingmarkets,halformorepeople（16）theirlifesatisfactioninthetoptiersoftheladder.Thisisnotto（17）thelinkbetweenincomeandsatisfactionhasbeensnappedPoorcoun-triesstill（18）onlyaquarterofthepeoplethereareinthehappytiers=halftheleveloftheothertwogroups.Thereis（19）aclearlinkbetweenhappinessandincomegrowth.China'sGDProseatanannualaveragerateof10%in2007-2014anditshappinesslevelrose26points.（20）countries,richerpeopleexpressmoresatisfactionthantheirpoorerneighbours.wingonilia（19）選？A.alsoB.onlyC.evenD.neither

15、Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure“genderparity”onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlast