2018年考研英語二考試試題

2018年考研英語二試題與答案解析（完整版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwill

obviouslybepainfuI?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneed

toj.uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenew

researchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill_2tosatisfytheir

curiosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoand

theWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents*willingnessto^themselvesto

unpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone^5eachparticipantwas

shownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.

Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenw

eretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodid

notknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocks

thanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthisef

feetwithotherstimuli,_9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsof

disgustinginsects.

Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11o

rshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsid

eredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessue

h13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodoj_4thingsisaprofbun

done.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto]_5,however.Inafinalexperiment,participant

swhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicture

werelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe1

8offollowingthroughonone*scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itiswo

rththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegative

effectsofcuriosity."Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.

1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto

10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forget0.discover

11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto

13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence

14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive

15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategies0.consequences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhis

effortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshire

highschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanical

memorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudents

shouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterly

overwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuck

withgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometryby

assemblingabicycle.

Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseen

asalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“have

thatstereotype..thatit'sfbrkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically,,9hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica's

evolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.Thejobsecurity

thattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargely

evaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,and

rigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesfbrall-andthesubtledevaluingof

anythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That'snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economyneds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentof

thejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skill

manufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericais

vanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapin

working-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodo

them.Koziatek^ManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofill

thatgap.

Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,it

risksoverlookinganation'sdiversiyofgifts.

21.【題干】Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents9lackof.

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

D.pioneeringspirit

22.【題干】Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.【題干】WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.areentitledtomoreEducationalprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.【題干】Theheadlongpushintobacheloi^degreesforall.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.【題干】Theauthor9sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld's

energysupply,ifsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchas

windandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovemmentsandfarsighted

Businssestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabout

theplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanels

hasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdinthe

pasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergy

source.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95

percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaand

Europe,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirst

time,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergenerated

intheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathto

economicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasan

unreliableenergysource,Butthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyin

Iowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate's

electricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn^shine?

"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage

apacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundthe

clockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig

betsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararity

onroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincoming

years.

Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.The

paceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintime

tohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-or

doesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeof

aglobalshiftinthought.

26.【題干】Theword"plummeting^CLine3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.【題干】

AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica

【選項(xiàng)】

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.【題干】ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.【題干】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs

5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincar

manufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainable

exploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

renewableenergy.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

30.【題干】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing

一AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWhole

Foodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquire

theWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.

WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofits

users'friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedeal

wentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeof

whosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.What

politicaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupofthe

WhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?Itmaybe

thatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsftowns,but

therecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.

Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithin

thedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmay

havevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereis

adeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswith

financialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersofthese

servicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.That

wouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookandGoogle,

thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallother

mediaandentertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodatafor

thebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsfbrthe

honeydewtheyproducewhe

.【題干】

31AccordingtoParagraphlzFacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits

【選項(xiàng)】

A.digialproducts

B.userinformation

C.physicalassets

D.qualityservice

32.【題干】LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay_

【選項(xiàng)】

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustomerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

D.misleadtheEuropeancommission

33.【題干】Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw_

【選項(xiàng)】

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancens

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.【題干】CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebooknsers

Because__

【選項(xiàng)】

A.theyarenodefinedascustomers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.【題干】Theantsanalogyisusedtollustrate__

【選項(xiàng)】

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants*customers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorof

DeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildinga

habitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthy

retreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga’journalistic”

approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.

Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling“tocombatconstantinterruptionsand

getmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduled

forroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwoulda

doctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritise

yourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:The

PowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthat

dividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoals

andstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,

daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemost

effectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddaily

plansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrender

thedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcan

reapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembrace

downtime,orasNewportsuggests,ubelazy.”

"Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothe

brainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]isparadoxically,necessarytogetting

anyworkdone,"heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,

believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybedueto

thewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedand

unfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouse

boththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,saysPillay.

36.【題干】Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.seizeeveryminutetowork

B.listyouimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.Keeptoyourfocustime

37.【題干】Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat

【選項(xiàng)】

A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

B.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

C.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

D.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying

38.【題干】AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis-

【選項(xiàng)】

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork

39.【題干】Pillaybelievesthatourbrain'sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandinfbcused

【選項(xiàng)】

A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

B.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

C.isdrivenbytaskurgency

D.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

40.【題干】Thistextismainlyabout

【選項(xiàng)】

A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

B.Waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

C.Thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).There

aretwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Bepresent

B.Justsayit

C.Askforanopinion

D.Findthe"metoo”S

E.Name,places,things

F.skipthesmalltalk

G.Payauniquecompliment

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanew

personalinkgetsfonnedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwill

strengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleat

workorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwill

formalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefitmoveandstartaconversation

withstrangers.

41［題干］.________________________________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyou

says“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson^-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallof

us.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon'tcomeout,itfeelslike

itisstucksomewhere.!knowthefeelingandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.

Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,they

arenottalkingwithingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingwilljustflow.

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.So

keepitsimplenhi',,nhey,,or"hello"-dothebestyoucantogatherallofthe

enthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsey"hi".

42.［題干］_______________________________

Ifsaproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwantto

talkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof"h","hello''；'howareyour^and"what'sgoing

on?”,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitso

memorable.

Sodon'tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Twstme,you'llbesurprisedtosee

howmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43.［題干］_______________________________

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyou

andthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthat

point.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,yoir11findall

ofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.

44.【題干】____________________________

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheir

phone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask99.

Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunication

wholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagic

happens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.

45.［題干］____________________

Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometime

youmayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn'tthatawkward!

So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapsthe

placestheyhavebeento.theplacestheywanttogo,thethingstheylike.thethingsthey

hate-whateveryoutalkabout.

Vhenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwell

being.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.

That'sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmost

anyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions：

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslation

onANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfroma

listofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut“butquickly