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2023年考研英語二真
題試卷
-CAL-FENGHAI-(2O23YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
2023年考研英語二真題試卷
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for
eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10
points)
Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldlike
tobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedly
very_1—,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothe
samestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespond
bettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,_2_,ayounger
sibling._3_,thereJsanothersortofparentthat,sabiteasier
to_4_:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrom
patientparenting.Still,_5_everyparentwouldliketobepatient,
thisisnoeasy_6_.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustrated
andareunabletomaintaina_7_andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.
Iunderstandthis.You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan
_8_youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe_9_happens:Youlose
yourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthat
wasabittoo_10_anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyou
could_11_theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere._12_,
eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatina
singlemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthat
youmay_13_foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyour
relationshipwithyourchildbutalso_14_yourchild,sself-
esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,then
youareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyour
kids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe_16_of
modelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisa
skillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theability
toemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen_17_by
stressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.Certainly,
it'sincredibly_18_tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour
children.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyour
ability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith
_19_situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:As
aresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwill
benefitand_20_fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysically
andemotionally.
1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructive
Dtricky
2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonce
Dbyaccident
3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordingly
Deventually
4.AamuseBassistCdescribe
Dtrain
5.AwhileBbecauseCunless
Donce
6.AanswerBtaskCchoice
Daccess
7.AtolerantBformalCrigid
Dcritical
8.AmoveBdragCpush
Dsend
9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable
10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague
11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup
12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise
13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret
14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect
15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool
16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext
17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted
18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong
19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising
20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothersso
thatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthis
extendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,
andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial
一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkier
versionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,played
withthesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,the
asocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetosideNext,the
researcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytorelease
thembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmore
likelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhat
theratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebonded
morewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploring
andplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,and
wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.The
readinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimal
design.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplastic
boxonwheels."We'dassumedwe*dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facial
features,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn't
necessary,“saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,who
helpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,
evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasif
theyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."We
humansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,vsays
Wiles.
21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan
[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment
[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.
[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.
[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.
[D]Itmovedaroundalone.
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey
[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape
[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn
[Clwantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
[D]consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats
[A]canrememberotherratsfacialfeatures
[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks
[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats
[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings
[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing
[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
Text2
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayof
typicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepublicly
tradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%The
typicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutSI8.9millionayear.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO
talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.
TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamic
elementsoftheglobaleconomy.Itfsnotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhas
goneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyother
workersintheU.S.economy.TodayfsCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,must
havemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany"CEOsmusthave
agoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradein
them.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecosts
ofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere*sthefactthatlargeAmerican
companiesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspread
acrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatis
farlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthis
majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.The
commonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplain
historyverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovemmancehasbecomealottighter
andmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstronger
govemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroader
corporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs."Furthermore,
thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,
anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseofthe
restofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEO
payto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjust
fortheCEO.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise
[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations
[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms
[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies
27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto
[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork
[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment
[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies
[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies
28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite
[A]continualinternalopposition
[B]strictcorporategovernance
[C]conservativebusinessstrategies
[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings
29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps
[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs
[B]motivateinsidecandidates
[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs
[D]increasecorporatevalue
30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe
[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid
[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent
[C]CEOs*challengesofToday
[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine
Text3
MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledout
ambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectionday
later,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,a
firststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamade
oppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessin
improvingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevying
fines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooks
uncertainatbest.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhen
lefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andtherefore
vulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheaironto
individualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothe
carmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.Itsnothard
toimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone
(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhan
winsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2023asheintends,itis
suretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthen
beaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon*sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.
Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents*
healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoair
quality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,
strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimely
deaths.Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfar
biggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一
BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighly
pollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,。schoolstreets*1,evenindividual
roads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexisting
regulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Wales
hasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverything
butinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.
31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone
[A]Itseffectsarequestionable
[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge
[C]Itneedstougherenforcement
[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided
32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair
[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.
[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.
[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.
[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.
33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.
[A]arousestrongresistance.
[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.
[C]improvethecitystraffic.
[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.
34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem
[A]Localresidents
[B]Mayors.
[C]Councilors.
[D]Nationalgovernments.
35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.
[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction
[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations
[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles
[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision
Text4
NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemost
commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbomafter1995,giveortakea
year-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthe
streetslookingfbrworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.And
employersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsinthe
U.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociation
ofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsoon
inhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.
If,entitlednisthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(those
bombetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticaland
cautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertwhostudythem,Generation
Zsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyin
thepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywere
impressionablekidsduringthecrashof2023,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheir
jobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren/tinterestedintakinganychances.The
boomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerational
senseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.Collegeloan
balancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederal
Reserve.OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthis
yearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2023surveyofUniversityofGeorgia
students,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafuture
employerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessional
developmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywas
thesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followed
byasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatgood.
36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.
[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities
[B]areinfavorofjoboffers
[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket
[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention
37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.
[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike
[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem
[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations
[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis
38.Thewordnassuagen(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.
[A]Define[BJrelieve[C]maintain[D]deepen
39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.
[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance
[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining
[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance
[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob
40Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare.
[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent[D]moregenerous
PartB
Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost
suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).There
aretwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswersonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.
[B]Putonagoodface,always.
[C]Tailoryourinteractions.
[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.
[E]Reveal,don*thide,information.
[F]Slowdownandlisten.
[G]Putyourselvesinothers*shoes.
FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOfficeIsitpossibletolikeeveryonein
yourofficeThinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,who
allgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwith
themeverydayandyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesome
waysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside
41.Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytry
staytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvard
BusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrank
aboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonis
notthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventhe
optiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshould
justbehonest.
42.Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.
Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit*saconcernabouta
project,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotake
timetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasoutthere
cancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon*tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengage
coworkersinagenuine,back-and-fbrthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyour
ownthoughts.
43.It*scommontohavea“cubiclemate"orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.
Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfind
outaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwith
colleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthe
job.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.ThiswillhelptogTowyour
internalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.
44.Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobe
someone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.This
willhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon*toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.One
studyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativeto
positive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.
45.Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwayto
achievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefrom
aninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikes
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