新教材2024高中英語Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionIIReadingandThinking同步測試新人教版必修第三冊

PAGESectionⅡReadingandThinking(1)閱讀理解AAswecontinuetoexplorefartheroutintooursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumanslivingonotherplanetsoftencomesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMars,forexample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisanaturaldesiretoexploreasfaraswecango,andalsotoextendhumanity’spresenceonapermanentoratleastsemi-permanentbasis.Inordertodothis,however,itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoon,forexample,acolonymustbeself-sustainingandprotectitsinhabitantsfromtheairless,harshenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.WhilefuturebasescouldadapttotheMartianenvironmentovertime,thereisalsothepossibilityofmodifyingthesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustco-existingwithit.Thisistheprocessofterraforming—adjustingMars’atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarth-like.Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,thenlarge-scalehumansettlementonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits.Smallcoloniesmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynativeinhabitants,iftheyexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsislifeless?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.We’vealreadydonetoomuchdamagehereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheircurrentnaturalstate,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirhistoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.Weshouldappreciatethedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttransformingthemtosuitourownambitions.1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMars?A.Ensurethatit’snotharmed.B.NegotiatewiththeMartians.C.Changetheunpopulatedregions.D.Assesstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“l(fā)arge-scalehumansettlementonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits”,“l(fā)ivingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynativeinhabitants,iftheyexist”,“itsimplyshouldnotbedone”可知,假如火星上有生命存在,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)避開大規(guī)模移民,應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力愛護(hù)其不受損害。答案:A2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A.Complex.B.Native.C.Foreign. D.Intelligent.解析:詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句中的“...thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.”可知,這樣的話,我們就不應(yīng)當(dāng)使火星地球化。又結(jié)合該段第一句可以推知,這樣做的前提是火星上有原始生命;故畫線詞與B項詞義相近。答案:B3.Howdoestheauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A.Byreferringtoothers’research.B.Byevaluatingdifferentplanets.C.Byjustifyingthebenefitsofterraforming.D.Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.解析:寫作手法題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?”和第三段以及第四段的內(nèi)容可知,作者先提出一個問題,然后通過探討兩種狀況來論述自己的觀點。故選D。答案:D4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsThereLifeonMars?B.CanWeAdapttoMars?C.ShouldWeTerraformMars?D.AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?解析:標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知,本文是圍繞其次段結(jié)尾句“Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?”提出的問題綻開探討的,又結(jié)合下文論述的不應(yīng)當(dāng)以犧牲火星上的原始生命為代價而去變更火星上的環(huán)境以適應(yīng)人類的生存,以及即使火星上無生命我們也應(yīng)讓它保持原狀以便我們了解到更多東西可知,C項最適合做本文標(biāo)題。答案:CBThefullmoonclimbsovertheeasternhorizon(地平線)andhangslikeahugeorangeglobeinthesky.Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?Themoonappearsorangeonthehorizonbecauseweviewitthroughthedustoftheatmosphere.Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrink(縮小)asitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.Thechangeinsizeisatrickoureyesandmindsplayonus.Whenthemoonislowinthesky,wecancompareitssizewithfamiliarobjects.Itiseasytoseethatthemoonismuchlargerthantreesorbuildings,forexample.Whenthemoonishighinthesky,however,itishardtocompareitwithobjectsonEarth.Comparedtothevastnessofthesky,themoonseemssmall.Thereisanotherreasonwhythemoonseemstoshrink.Weareusedtostaringatobjectsstraightaheadofus.Whenanobjectisdifficulttosee,oureyeshavetotrytofocusonit.Whenwemoveourheadsbacktolookup,wewilltryhardagain.Lookingatsomethingfromanunaccustomedpositioncanfoolyouintobelievinganobjectissmallerorfartherawaythanitis.However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.5.Whatmakesuspuzzledwhenthemoonishighinthesky?A.Itbecomeslarge.B.Itlooksdifferent.C.Itscolourdisappears.D.Itsshapechanges.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Afterafewhours,themoonisoverheadbutseemstohavechanged.Thehugeorangeglobehasbecomeasmallsilverdisk.Whathashappened?Whyhastheorangecolourdisappeared?Whydoesthemoonseemsomuchsmallerandfartherawaynowthatitisoverhead?”可知,當(dāng)月亮高掛天空的時候,它的顏色、大小都變了,看起來不同了。答案:B6.Whatreallyhappenswhenthemoonfloatsfartherawayfromthehorizon?A.Itcomesnearer. B.Itturnsorange.C.Itgoesfarther. D.Itgetsthroughdust.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theoverheadmoondoesnotreallyshrinkasitmovesawayfromthehorizon.Oureyesinformusthattheoverheadmoonisfartheraway.Butinthispositionthemoonisactuallyclosertooureyesthanwhenitisnearthehorizon.”可知,當(dāng)月亮離地平線遠(yuǎn)的時候,其實它離我們更近。答案:A7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thesizeofthemoonoftenchanges.B.Themoonisinfactahugeorangeglobe.C.Themoonisbeginningtoshrinkmuch.D.Wedonotseethemoonasitreallyis.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句“However,scientistsdonotyetunderstandcompletelywhythemoonseemstoshrinkasitrisesinthesky.”可知,我們沒有看清月亮的“真面目”。答案:DCTelevisionhaschangedourlivesinmanyways.ManypeoplenowspendmoretimewatchingTVthandoinganythingelse.Researchershaveestimated(估計)thatwhenmoststudentsleaveschooltheyhavespent11,000hoursintheclassroomand22,000hourswatchingtelevision.8.?

Benefitsoftelevision:·Televisionhelpsustolearnmoreabouttheworldandtoknowandseemanynewthings.Televisioncanofferpresentinformationtousinamoreeffectivewaythanbooks.9..

·Itentertainsus.Itisanenjoyablewaytorelaxourselves.Formillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,televisionisasourceofcompanionshipandhelpsthemtocopewitheverydaylife.·Ithasincreasedthepopularityofsportsandarts.·10..In2000,forexample,1.5millionpeoplein147countrieswatchedaTVpopconcertandhelpedtocollectmorethan$100millionforpeopleinAfrica.

Dangers:·Televisionmakesuspassive(被動的).11..

·Itencouragesustobuyunnecessarythingssometimes.Therearemanyadvertisementsontelevision,12..

·Ittakestimeawayfromactivitiessuchasreading,conversation,andgames.·Somecritics(指責(zé)家)saythattelevisionmakespeopleviolent.Aten-yearstudyshowedthatchildrenwhowatchtelevisionprogrammesaremorelikelytobeviolentthemselves.A.TelevisionmakesusactiveB.ButwhateffectdoesthishaveC.ItcanalsomakethingsmorememorableD.Wedon’thavetothinkandourbrainsbecomelazyE.however,thiskindofadvertisementmightnotbesuitableF.TelevisionhasmadeusawareofourglobalresponsibilitiesG.themainpurposeofwhichistomakecustomersspendmoney8.解析:依據(jù)前文“Researchershaveestimatedthatwhenmoststudentsleaveschooltheyhavespent11,000hoursintheclassroomand22,000hourswatchingtelevision.”可知,后文說的是影響,因此B項“Butwhateffectdoesthishave?(但這有什么影響呢?)”符合文意。故選B。答案:B9.解析:依據(jù)前文“Televisioncanofferpresentinformationtousinamoreeffectivewaythanbooks.”可知,此處講解并描述的是電視的好處,因此C項“Itcanalsomakethingsmorememorable.(它也能使事情更令人難忘。)”符合文意。故選C。答案:C10.解析:依據(jù)后文“In2000,forexample,1.5millionpeoplein147countrieswatchedaTVpopconcertandhelpedtocollectmorethan$100millionforpeopleinAfrica.”可知,此處強調(diào)了人們對全球的責(zé)任,因此F項“Televisionhasmadeusawareofourglobalresponsibilities.(電視使我們意識到我們的全球責(zé)任。)”符合文意。故選F。答案:F11.解析:依據(jù)前文“Televisionmakesuspassive.”可知,此處講解并描述了電視的壞處,因此D項“Wedon’thavetothinkandourbrainsbecomelazy.(我們不必思索,我們的大腦就會變得懶散。)”符合文意。故選D。答案:D12.解析:依據(jù)前文“Itencouragesustobuyunnecessarythingssometimes.Therearemanyadvertisementsontelevision”可知,下文講的是廣告的目的是什么,因此G項“themainpurposeofwhichistomakecustomersspendmoney.(其主要目的是讓顧客花錢。)”符合文意。故選G。答案:GReadingandThinking(2)[基礎(chǔ)測評]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Iworkduringmysparetime,whichgivesme(independent)frommyfamily.

2.Myparentsdesireme(behave)wellatschool.

3.Fromthe(disappoint)voice,weknewhefailedtheexam.

4.Thefish(leap)outofwaterandlandedontheshore.

5.Asweallknow,(satellite)havebeenusedforcommunicationaswellasweatherforecasts.

6.Duringourfreetime,we’llbeabletotraveltoplacesofinterestinnew(vehicle)likeflyingcars.

7.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestopreventthe(transmit)ofthedisease.

8.The(frontier)ofmedicalknowledgearebeingpushedforwardsastimegoeson.

9.Wearenotsurewhenuniversecameintobeing.

10.Hestoodup,signallingtheofficerthathehadfinishedwithhisclient.

答案:1.independence2.tobehave3.disappointed4.leaped/leapt5.satellites6.vehicles7.transmission8.frontiers9.the10.toⅡ.依據(jù)漢語句意完成英語句子1.你是第一個將這項工作做得這么好的人。Youaretheworksowell.

2.雖然戰(zhàn)士們已經(jīng)工作了15個小時,但他們?nèi)越又趶U墟中找尋生還者。Thoughthesoldiershadbeenworkingforfifteenhours,theyforsurvivorsintheruins.

3.攀登者們接著前進(jìn),希望盡最終的努力到達(dá)山頂。Theclimberskeptupreachingthetopwiththelasteffort.

4.人們信任努力工作就能勝利。Itisbelievedthatworkinghardcansuccess.

5.微笑不僅僅讓我們興奮,還能愉悅別人。Smilingcanmakeushappy,pleaseothers.

答案:1.thefirstpersontodo2.carriedonlooking3.inthehopeof4.leadto5.notonlybutalsoⅢ.語法填空1.(look)upatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtoexplorespace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld2.(go)intospace.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon,famouslysaying,“That’sonesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.”Followingthis,manymoregoals3.(achieve).

4.scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Allthe5.(astronaut)ontheUSSR’sSoyuz11andAmerica’sChallengerdiedduringtheirmissions,whichmadeeveryonesadand6.(disappoint).Despitethehugerisks,peoplecarry7.exploringspace.

China’sspaceprogrammestartedlaterthanthoseofRussiaandtheUS,butit8.(make)greatprogressinashorttime.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto9.(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003.NowChinaaswellasEuropeandtheUShasplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMars10.Jupiter.答案:1.Looking2.togo3.wereachieved4.Although/Though5.astronauts6.disappointed7.on8.hasmade9.independently10.and[提升測評]Ⅳ.閱讀理解ThreedaysbeforeChristmasin1968,FrankBorman,JimLovellandBillAndershadadventuredouttothemoon,becomingthefirsthumanbeingstoreachandorbitourclosestneighbourinspace.OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudience(觀眾)of1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.“Ididn’tchooseit,”Anderssaid,whenallthreeastronautsmettomarkthe50thanniversary(周年)oftheirmoonflight,atChicago’sMuseumofScienceandIndustry,wheretheirspaceshipisdisplayed.WhenthethreemenreturnedtoEarthonDecember27,theyweresurroundedbyaseaofjoy.Thatkindofcollective(集體的)joy—bornofcollectiveeffort—canseembeyondusnow.Fromthefactoryfloortothethreemeninthespaceship,anestimated400,000peoplehadahandinmakingthemoonflightpossible.BehindthejoytherewasalsoadarkdangerApollo8mightface.Iftheastronautsmadeitintothemoonorbitbuttheirenginefailedtofirewhenitwastimetoreturn,rescuewouldbeimpossible.Theywouldcirclethemoonforever.Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.“I’mstilltryingtofigureoutwhodidit,”saidBorman,withawink(擠眼睛).“Youdidit,Ithink,”Lovellanswered.“Billdidit,”Bormanadmitted.“Hedidn’twantmetotakeitatfirst,”Anderssaid.“Ihaveneversaiditbeforepublicly,”saidBorman,“butI’mjustproudthatIwasabletoflywiththesetwotalentedguys.Youdidareallygoodjob.”1.WhydidthemenpointacameraoutofthewindowofApollo8?A.Toshowthemoontotheworld.B.Toreadsomesentencestotheaudience.C.Todosomeresearchintotheancientmoon.D.Torecordwhattheyweredoinginthespacecraft.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“OnChristmasEve,theypointedaTVcameraoutofthewindowofApollo8andshowedaglobalaudienceof1billiontheancientmoonmovingslowlybelowtheirspaceship.”可知,他們把照相機伸出Apollo8的窗外,是為了向世界展示月球。答案:A2.HowoldwasBillAnderswhenhereachedspace?A.27.B.30.C.35. D.50.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段中的“Evenfiftyyearslater,BormanandLovellcontinuedtoplayjokesonAnders,85then.”可知,甚至在50年后,Borman和Lovell仍舊接著拿當(dāng)時已經(jīng)85歲的Anders開玩笑。由此推斷出,BillAnders到達(dá)太空時的年齡是:85-50=35。故選C。答案:C3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?A.Theflight. B.Earth.C.Thereading. D.Thepicture.解析:推理推斷題。上文“Buttheastronautsdidcomehome,andintheprocesstheygavetheworldanothergift:thecelebratedphotographthatcametobeknownasEarthrise.”提到,宇航員們的確回家了,在這個過程中,他們給了世界另一份禮物——那張后來被稱為《地出》的聞名的照片,由此推斷出“it”指代的是上文提到的“照片”。答案:DⅤ.完形填空ItookanairplanetoBeijinginFebruary,onanAirCanadaBoeing777.1allwereseated,Iusedmycomputerforawhile.Aheadofmetomyright,akidwas2.

IwentuptoaChinesewoman.Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.Itoldthemotherthatthekidneededtobewalkedandthenshewouldsettledownandsleep.IknewthisbecauseIamafatheroffour4children.Thewoman,whowasfromNorthYork,saidshewastootiredasshehadbeen5thewholenightbefore.I6towalkthekidsoshecouldgetsomesleep.

AsItookthekidinmyarms,I7herforthekid’snameandage.Ithenstartedslowlywalkinguptothefrontoftheeconomysection.Thekidimmediatelyfelltosleep.WhenIgotbacktothemother’s8,Ifoundherfastasleep.Ikeptwalkingforoversixhoursandwalkedslowly9.Sinceitwasa13-hourflight,IwalkedhalfwaytoChina—10akid.

Womenonboardwould11meduringmylongwalk,wantingtoseethekid.Onewomanaskedmesomequestionslike“Howmany12doyouhave?”“Four,”Isaid.Shelookedcloselyatmywrinkled(有皺紋的)faceandwhitehair(Iwasalmost60)andsaid,“Well,Ihopethisisyour13one.”ShethoughtIwasMary’sfather.Ijust14andwalkedon.

WhenIwasbacktothemother,themotherwoke.IgaveMarybacktoher,who15soundasleep.

1.A.Before B.AfterC.Though D.Unless解析:大家都坐好后,“我”用了一會兒電腦。before在……之前;after在……之后;though盡管;unless除非。答案:B2.A.singing B.talkingC.sleeping D.crying解析:依據(jù)下段中的“Shehadinherarmsakidthat3crying.”可知一個孩子在哭。sing唱歌;talk談?wù)?sleep睡覺;cry哭。

答案:D3.A.kept B.startedC.practised D.stopped解析:結(jié)合語境可知,孩子始終在哭。keepdoingsth始終做某事。keep保持;start起先;practise練習(xí);stop停止。答案:A4.A.grown B.energeticC.curious D.slim解析:“我”知道須要抱著那個正在哭的孩子走走,是因