職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)b級(jí)模擬51

職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)B級(jí)模擬51

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)畫(huà)有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處畫(huà)線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為

接近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Tonight1slivecoverageofthehockeygameisverywonderful.

A.barrageB.orphanage

C.reportageD.usage

2、Iwilldraftaletterforyou.

A.clarifyB.formulate

C.reviseD.contribute

3、Thebenefitsareimmense.

A.muchB.extensive

C.littleD.enormous

4、Themanisamysteryforhisneighbors.

A.problemB.puzzle

C.questionD.point

5、Sheomittedtomentionthattheywerestayingthenight.

A.failedB.forgotten

C.deletedD.leftout

6、Hestruckhimwithamightyblowacrosshisshoulder.

A.verystrongB.verylong

C.verygreatD.veryfast

7、Idon11knowifthepaintingisauthentic.

A.elegantB.genuine

C.intentionalD.thorough

8、Thepolicecreptupfrombehindandtookthegangsterbysurprise.

A.violentcriminalB.politician

C.musicianD.industrialist

9、Growinglevelsofpollutionrepresentaserioushealthhazardtothelocal

population.

A.protectionB.indication

C.immunityD.danger

10>Pekingisadenselypopulatedarea.

A.compactlyB.inexpensively

C.quicklyD.carefully

11>Thegovernmentproposedchangestothevotingsystem.

A.statedB.declared

C.suggestedD.announced

12>Thereseemedtobenomotiveforthemurder.

A.reasonB.argument

C.targetD.stimulus

13>Nocivilizedcountryshoulddeemtheftlawful.

A.legalB.irresistible

C.enjoyableD.profitable

14、Wehadonlyavaguedescriptionoftheattacker.

A.conciseB.imprecise

C.unpolishedD.elementary

15>Ifthesymptomspersist,consultyourdoctor.

A.insistB.persevere

C.continueD.resist

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

PlantsinDesert

Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert,forthese

areregionswheretheannualrangeofthesoiltemperaturecanbeover75%.

Furthermore,duringthesummertherearefewcloudsintheskytoprotect

plantsfromthesun*sray.Anotherproblemisthefactthattherearefrequently

strongwindsthatdrivesmall,sharpparticlesofsandintotheplants,tearing

anddamagingthem.Themostdifficultproblemforallformsofplantlife,

however,isthefactthattheentiremanualrainfalloccursduringafewdays

orweeksinspring.

Grassesandflowersindesertsurvivefromoneyeartothenextbyexisting

throughthelong,hot,dryseasonintheformofseeds.Theseseedsremain

inactiveunlesstherightamountofrainfalls.Ifnorainfallszorif

insufficientrainfalls,theywaituntilthenextyear,orevenstillthe

next.Anotherfactorthathelpstheseplantstosurviveisthefactthattheir

lifecyclesareshort.Bythetimethewaterfromthespringrainsdisappears-just

afewweeksafteritfalls—suchplantsnolongerneedany.

Theperennials（多年生植物）havespecialfeaturesthatenablethemtosurvive

asplantsforseveralyears.Thus,nearlyalldesertperennialshaveextensive

rootsystemsbelowgroundandasmallshootsystemaboveground.Thelarge

rootnetworkenablestheplanttoabsorbasmuchwateraspossibleinshort

time.Thesmallshootsystem,ontheotherhand,considerablylimitswater

lossbyevaporation（蒸發(fā)）.

Anotherfeatureofmanyperennialsisthataftertherainyseasonthey

losetheirleavesinpreparationforthelong,dryseason,justastreesin

wetterclimateslosetheirsinpreparationforthewinter.Thisreducestheir

waterlossbyevaporationduringthedryseason.Then,innextrainyseason,

theycomefullyaliveoncemore,andgrownewbranches,leavesandflowers,

justasthegrassesandflowersindesertdo.

16>Ordinaryplantsareunabletosurviveinthedesertmainlybecauseof

thechangeableweather.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Grassesandflowersindesertareabletosurvivebecausetheystayin

theformofseedstowaitfortherightamountofwatertocome.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Grassesandflowersinthedesertwhoselifecyclesareshortshowtheir

abilitytoadapttothequickdisappearanceofrainwaterthereafteritfalls

inspring.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Winteristhetoughestseasonforthegrassesandflowerstosurvive.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20^Theshootsystemofperennialscanhelptheplantsabsorblessofthe

sun1sray.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Thethemeofthesecondlastparagraphiswhytheperennialscansurvive

asplantsforseveralyears.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Desertperennialslosetheirleavesaftertherainyseasonjustastrees

inwetterclimateslosetheirsbecausewinterarrives,butthereasonsfor

thisfeaturearedifferent.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：⑴第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中第2?5段每段

選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選

項(xiàng)。

ElectromagneticEnergy

1.Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythat

comesfromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucan

see.Heatisgivenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayit

ispossibletogetasunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visiblelightand

thekindsofenergythatproducewarmthandsunburnareexamplesof

electromagneticenergy.

2.Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfrom

thesunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.

3.Manyotherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.

Radio,television,andradarsignalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceivers

aslow-energyelectromagneticwaves.Infrared（紅夕卜線的）radiationisan

electromagneticwave.Whenitisabsorbedbymatter,heatisproduced.Waves

ofinfraredandvisiblelighthavemoreenergythanwavesofradio,television,

orradar.Ultravioletrays（紫外線）andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswith

evengreateramountsofenergy.Infraredradiationisusedincookingfood

andheatingbuildings.Sunlightandelectriclightsarepartofourrequirements

fornormalliving.Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindisease

organisms.X-raysandgammarayshavesomuchenergythattheytravelthrough

solidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-raysareused

inindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetalzandinmedicinetorevealbroken

bones.

4.Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerateelectromagneticenergy.Thesource

ofmostofourenergyisthesun.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate.

Whenthewaterfallstotheearthasrain,someofitistrappedbehinddams

andthenusedtooperateelectricgenerators.Othergeneratorsarepowered

bycoal,buttheenergystoredincoalcamefromthesun,too.

5.Untilrecently,thesourceofthetremendousamountofenergygiven

offbythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedonchemicalreactions,it

wouldhaveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experimentswithelectromagnetic

radiationledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconvertedintoenergy.About

fortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposed,nuclearenergywasharnessed（利

用）byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron（電子）rearrangement.Nuclear

energycomesfromachangeinthenucleusofanatom.Comparedwithchemical

reactions,nuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmoreenergyperpound

offuel.Wenowbelievethatthesun*senergycomesfromthenuclearreactions

inwhichhydrogenischangedintohelium（氫）.

6.Nuclearenergyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsource

ofpowertogenerateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateengines

inlargeships.Scientistscontinuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtaining

andusingenergy.

23>Paragraph3

A.NuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun*sEnergy

B.TheMostImportantSourceofEnergy

C.TypesofElectromagneticEnergy

D.TheMachinesUsedforEnergyGeneration

E.SeekingNewSourcesofEnergy

F.TheUseofUltravioletRadiationinMedicine

24、Paragraph4

25>Paragraph5

26>Paragraph6

27、Onecangetasunburneven.

A.whenitisabsorbedbymatter

B.whenitiscloudy

C.becausetheycanpassthroughsolidobjects

D.whenthesunraysarefierce

E.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace

F.whenelectronrearrangementtakesplace

28>Infraredradiationcanproduceheat.

29、X-raysandgammarayscanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.

30、Chemicalenergyisgenerated.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

弟局

AdaptationofLivingThings

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcope

withtheirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiological

processiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdeveloped

throughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelter,in

providingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresults

intheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganisms（微生物）thatarebetterfitted

totheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteach

isadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,depends

uponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganic（無(wú)

機(jī)的）chemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun1senergy

tomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptations,common

tomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertain

kindsofplantshave.

Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.

Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikea

leaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyis

near.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheir

structurezfunction,andgenetics；intheirdevelopmentandproductionof

theyoung；andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironmentz

asdowarm-bloodedmammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbody

heatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechanging

weather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganism

issowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,

itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

31、Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothatthey

may.

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

32、Inthefirstparagraph,thewordnenvironmentsncouldbestbereplaced

by?

A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighboursD.

enemies

33、Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatsomeinsectsusetheirbody

color.

A.tofrightenitsenemiesB.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheatD.tomatchitsenvironment

34、WhichofthefollowingisNOTdirectlymentioned?

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

35、Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustrate

that_______.

A.alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofits

own

B.alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemy

isnear

C.alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganic

chemicals

D.alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin

弟一^扁

OlderVolcanicEruptions

Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywere

bigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreater

ease.

PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetween

volcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilled

offlargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300

millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,

theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemed

todo.Hecalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparing

theproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava（熔巖）that

theyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast

10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.

ThePermian（二疊紀(jì)）extinction,forexample,whichhappened250million

yearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarea

roughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumped

outabout10gigatonnes（十億噸）ofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarming

thatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegenera（種類(lèi)）atthetime,

andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyears

ago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarming

butnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedto

normalwithintenthousandsofyears."Themostrecentoneshardlyhavean

effectatallz"Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthe

dinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarily

causedbytheimpactofanasteroid（小行星）.Hethinksthatoldervolcanoes

hadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradapted

todealingwithincreasedlevelsofC02.

VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,

saysthatWignall1sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhard

todothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerof

volcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibleto

tellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.He

alsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoes

produced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxide

emissions.

36、Whywereoldervolcaniceruptionsmoredestructivethanmorerecentones

accordingtoWignall?

A.Becausetheywerebrighter.

B.Becausetheywerelarger.

C.BecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtoCO2.

D.Becauseoldervolcaniceruptionsreleasedmorelava.

37、nKillingefficiency"iscalculatedbycomparing

A.thespanoftimevolcanoeslasted

B.thevolumeoflavavolcanoesproduced

C.thenumberoflivingthingsvolcanoeskilledoff

D.theproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflava

38、Permianextinctionoccurred.

A.300millionyearsagoB.250millionyearsago

C.60millionyearsagoD.65millionyearsago

39、WhichofthefollowingiswrongaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Only80percentofmarinegenerasurvivedtheglobalwarmingcaused

bythePermianextinction.

B.Ittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecoverfromthePermian

extinction.

C.Thehugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarming60millionyears

agodidnotleadtomassextinction.

D.Thecauseofdinosaurs*extinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.

40、WhatisVincentCourtillot1sattitudetowardWignail'sidea?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.

Unclear.

—

EgyptFelledbyFamine

EvenancientEgypt*smightypyramidbuilderswerepowerlessintheface

ofthefaminethathelpedbringdowntheircivilizationaround2180BC.Now

evidencegleaned（搜集）frommuddepositedbytheRiverNilesuggeststhat

ashiftinclimatethousandsofkilometerstothesouthwasultimatelyto

blame—andthesameorworsecouldhappentoday.

TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile1sannualfloodstoirrigate

theircrops.ButanychangeinclimatethatpushedtheAfricanmonsoons（季

風(fēng)）southwardsoutofEthiopiawouldhavediminishedthesefloods.

Dwindling（使減少）rainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhavemeantfewer

plantstoestablishthesoil.Whenraindidfallitwouldhavewashedlarge

amountsofSoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgypt,alongwithsediment（沉

積物）fromtheWhiteNile.

TheBlueNilemudhasadifferentisotope（同位素）signaturefromthatof

theWhiteNile.Sobyanalyzingisotopedifferencesinmuddepositedinthe

NileDelta,MichaelKromofLeedsUniversityworkedoutwhatproportionof

sedimentcamefromeachbranchoftheriver.

Kromreasonsthatduringperiods"ofdrought,theamountoftheBlueNile

mudintheriverwouldberelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneoftheseperiodsz

from4,500to4,200yearsago,immediatelypredatedthefalloftheEgypt*s

oldKingdom.

TheweakenedwaterswouldhavebeencatastrophicfortheEgyptians.nChanges

thataffectfoodsupplydon11havetobeverylargetohavearippleeffect

insocieties,"saysBillRyanoftheLamontDohertyEarthObservatory（天

文臺(tái)）inNewYork.

"Similareventstodaycouldbeevenmoredevastating,nsaysteammember

DanielStanley,ageoarchaeologistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutionin

Washington,D.C."Anythinghumansdotoshifttheclimatebeltswouldhave

anevenworseeffectalongtheNilesystembecausethepopulationshaveincreased

dramatically.n

41、Whydoestheauthormention"pyramidbuilders',?

A.Becausetheyonceworkedmiracles.

B.Becausetheywerewell-built.

C.Becausetheywereactuallyveryweak.

D.Becauseeventheywereunabletorescuetheircivilization.

42、Whichofthefollowingfactorswasultimatelyresponsibleforthefall

ofthecivilizationofancientEgypt?

A.Changeofclimate.B.Famine.

C.Food.D.Populationgrowth.

43、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.TheWhiteNileisthetrunkoftheRiverNile.

B.TheWhiteNileisthetrunkoftheBlueNile.

C.TheWhiteNileisabranchoftheBlueNile.

D.TheWhiteNileandtheBlueNilearebranchesoftheRiverNile.

44、AccordingtoKrom,Egypt1sO