全國(guó)統(tǒng)考第2編語(yǔ)法突破專題一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)案含解析

第2編語(yǔ)法突破專題一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，65)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.答案：havereported根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“inrecentyears”可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，65)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand________(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.答案：recommended根據(jù)“shared”可知，此處講述過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。3．(2018·天津高考，13)Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.答案：isbeingrepaired句意：我的洗衣機(jī)本周正在被維修，所以我用手洗衣服。isbeingrepaired“正在被維修”。4．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，69)Onthelastdayofourweek－longstay,we________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.答案：wereinvited事情發(fā)生在過去，且主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞invite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5．(2018·北京高考，4)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.答案：wasworking句意：蘇珊辭去了她的高薪工作，我去年拜訪她的時(shí)候，她正在社區(qū)擔(dān)任志愿者。由下文“whenIvisitedherlastyear”可知，此處表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6．(2019·天津高考，2)I________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.答案：hadhoped由couldn'tmanage用的是一般過去時(shí)可知，動(dòng)詞hope發(fā)生在couldn'tmanage之前，表示過去本打算做某事而沒有做成，故用過去完成時(shí)。7．(2018·北京高考，9)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.答案：hadbeentrapped句意：一位救援工作者冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救出在山里被圍困兩天的游客?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)作發(fā)生在“冒著生命危險(xiǎn)”這一動(dòng)作之前，表示“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時(shí)。8．(2019·江蘇高考，33)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals________(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.答案：willhavebeeninstalled句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)之前安裝完5G終端。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2022可知，句子要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；5Gterminals與install(安裝)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。9．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))Ididn'trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.________________________________________________________________答案：are→were由“didn'trealize”以及“entered”可知，用一般過去時(shí)。10．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.________________________________________________________________答案：find→found由“Duringmylastwinterholiday”可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。應(yīng)將find改為found。一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：do/does;is/am/are用法：①表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示人、事物現(xiàn)在的狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理。②在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，以及表示按時(shí)間表擬定或安排好要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例句：①OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.②Ifwedon'tactnowtoprotecttheenvironment,we'lllivetoregretit.③Classbeginsateightinthemorning.2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：is/am/aredoing用法：①表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。②計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等)。③與always,constantly等副詞連用，帶有贊美、厭惡等感情色彩。例句：①Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusiswaitingforus!②Aforeigneriscomingtovisitourschool.③Heisalwayshelpingothers.3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式：begoingtodo;will/shalldo;betodo;beabouttodo用法：①表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃或安排好的事情。②表示一種常規(guī)性的活動(dòng)或注定要做的事情。③beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示就要做或正好要做的事情。例句：①—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandvisither.②Whenareyoutoreturnyourlibrarybook?③Bequiet.Theconcertisabouttostart.4．一般過去時(shí)形式：was/were;did用法：①表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。②表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。③It'stimethat后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例句：①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintobeing.②Heoftenhadlunchatschoollastmonth.③It'stimethatwewateredtheflowers.5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式：has/havedone用法：①某些表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用：since,recently,lately,sofar,in/over/duringthelast/past＋時(shí)間段，untilnow,manytimes,thesedays,uptonow,bynow等。②This/It/Thatisthefirsttimethat從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：①I'veheardnothingfromhimuptonow.②Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.6．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：was/weredoing用法：①表示過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。②過去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等)。③wasdoingsth.when...表示“某人正在做某事，這時(shí)突然發(fā)生了另一件事”。例句：①Iwasplayingtabletennisatfourthisafternoon.②Wewereleavingveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.③IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.7．過去完成時(shí)形式：haddone用法：①表示“過去的過去”(句中必須有一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者過去的動(dòng)詞，而且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的那個(gè)動(dòng)作之前)。②hardly/scarcely...when...;nosooner...than...“一……就……”。hardly/scarcely和nosooner分句中用過去完成時(shí)，when及than引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過去時(shí)。例句：①Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,hehadhaditforaverylongtime.②HardlyhadIarrivedattheclassroomwhenitbegantorain.8．過去將來(lái)時(shí)形式：woulddo用法：①表示從過去看將要發(fā)生的事情。②表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例句：①Shewassurethatshewouldsucceed.②Whenhewasyoung,hewouldsitinfrontoftheTVsetforhourseveryday.9．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：have/hasbeendoing用法：過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。例句：Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandhasbeentakingbadmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.10．過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：hadbeendoing用法：表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。例句：WhenAlicecametolife,shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.11．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：willbedoing用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例句：—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iwillbewritingareportathome.12．將來(lái)完成時(shí)形式：willhavedone用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志性短語(yǔ)：bytheendof＋將來(lái)時(shí)間，by＋將來(lái)時(shí)間。例句：Bythetimeheis14yearsold,hewillhavefinishedadvancedmaths.二動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成三被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．I________(write)aletteronceaweektomyfamilywhenIwasinmyfirstcollegeyear.答案：wrote句意：我上大學(xué)一年級(jí)時(shí)，每周給家里寫一封信。這里表示發(fā)生在“whenIwasinmyfirstcollegeyear”期間的事，用一般過去時(shí)。2．Chinesekitesinancienttimes________(design)intheshapeofbirds.答案：weredesigned句意：中國(guó)古代的風(fēng)箏設(shè)計(jì)成鳥的形狀。由“inancienttimes”可知，用一般過去時(shí)，且這里表示被設(shè)計(jì)，故要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3．—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.It________(build)．答案：isbeingbuilt句意：——你搬到新房子了嗎？——還沒有，它正在被建造。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4．The24solarterms(二十四節(jié)氣)________(have)agreateffectonChinesepeople'slivesforthousandsofyears.答案：havehad句意：二十四節(jié)氣在千百年來(lái)對(duì)中國(guó)人的生活有很大影響。由“forthousandsofyears”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5．—Ithinkthepaperistakingyoualongtimetowrite.—I________(work)onitforalmostamonthnow.答案：havebeenworking表示過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。6．Dearfriend,I________(sit)onatraintoFudan答案：willbesitting句意：親愛的朋友，當(dāng)你看到這封信時(shí)，我將坐在開往復(fù)旦大學(xué)的列車上。表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。7．(2020·湖南師大附中高三摸底考試)ButduringthetimeoftheZhouDynastyabout500BC,music________(have)animportantroleinmakingsocietystable.答案：had根據(jù)“duringthetimeoftheZhouDynastyabout500BC”可知，空格處應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，故填had。8．(2019·烏魯木齊市一中高三第一次月考)—Bob!Howisyourproject?IheardyoustarteditlastFriday,right?—Oh!I________(prepare)forit.ButIhaven'tdecidedwhentodoit.答案：havebeenpreparing句意：——Bob，你的項(xiàng)目怎么樣了？我聽說(shuō)你上周五就開始了，是嗎？——哦！我已經(jīng)在做準(zhǔn)備，但還沒有決定好什么時(shí)候開始做。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”已經(jīng)開始做準(zhǔn)備了，不知道什么時(shí)候開始，說(shuō)明還在準(zhǔn)備中，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適，即havebeendoing。9．Thenoticesaysthatanyone________(request)nottotakeanythingintothereadingroom.答案：isrequested句意：布告上寫到，要求任何人不能帶任何東西進(jìn)閱覽室。表示“規(guī)定”用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且anyone與request之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。10．—Didyouhavetodomuchforthedinnerparty?—No,Tina________(finish)everythingbythetimeIgothome.答案：hadfinished由“bythetimeIgothome”可知，該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2019·山東省濟(jì)寧一中高三第一次調(diào)研考試)Ifyouwanttoconvincethebossyoudeserveapayriseorpromotion,thesolutioncouldbesimple—eatthesamefoodastheydid.________________________________________________________________答案：did→do根據(jù)前面的eat可知，此處as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2．Themanwasfiredbecausehepromisedtobepunctualbutwaslateagainthismorning.