03必修二Unit5過去分詞作表語和狀語（語法）（原卷版）

03必修二Unit5語法精講精練過去分詞作表語和狀語一、過去分詞作表語

1.過去分詞作表語時(shí)的意義

位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,

get,

bee,

look,

feel,

seem

等)之后，多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性。She

looked

disappointed.她看上去很失望。We

were

encouraged

at

the

news.

聽到這個(gè)消息我們很受鼓舞。2.過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The

cup

is

broken.杯子破了。(過去分詞作表語)The

cup

was

broken

by

Tom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

3.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別形式意義過去分詞表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”They

became

so

worried

that

they

stayed

awake

all

night.

他們變得如此擔(dān)心，以致一整晚都沒有睡覺。

The

situation

became

so

worrying

that

something

should

be

done

at

once.

形勢變得令人擔(dān)憂，應(yīng)該立刻采取措施。二、過去分詞作狀語

過去分詞在句中作狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等情況，它的邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.作時(shí)間狀語

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由when,while或after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

When

it

is

seen

from

the

top

of

the

hill,

the

park

looks

more

fascinating.

=Seen

from

the

top

of

the

hill,the

park

looks

more

fascinating.

從山頂往下看，這座公園看起來更迷人。

2.作原因狀語

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由

as,since或because

等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

Because

the

teacher

was

satisfied

with

what

he

did,the

teacher

praised

him

in

class.

=Satisfied

with

what

he

did,the

teacher

praised

him

in

class.

由于對他所做的事情很滿意，老師在班上表揚(yáng)了他。

3.作條件狀語

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由

if,once

或

unless

等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。

If

we

are

united

we

stand;

if

we

are

divided

we

fall.

=United,

we

stand;

divided,

we

fall.

團(tuán)結(jié)就是勝利；分裂必然失敗。

4.

作讓步狀語

相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由

though,although

或

even

if,even

though

等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，這類分詞或分詞短語一般放在句子前面。

Although

he

has

been

explained

a

hundred

times,

he

still

can’t

understand

it.

=Explained

a

hundred

times,

he

still

can’t

understand

it.

即使解釋一百遍，他還是不明白。

5.作方式或伴隨狀語

若有連詞

as

if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為

as

if

引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；若無連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

She

was

in

tears

as

if

she

was

deeply

moved

by

the

moving

film.

=

She

was

in

tears

as

if

deeply

moved

by

the

moving

film.

她眼淚汪汪，好像被這部感人的電影深深打動(dòng)了。

She

sat

by

the

window,

and

she

was

lost

in

thought.

=She

sat

by

the

window,

lost

in

thought.

她坐在窗戶邊，陷入了沉思。

【名師點(diǎn)津】過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別形式意義過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表主動(dòng)Seen

in

the

distance,

the

village

looks

more

beautiful.

從遠(yuǎn)處看，這個(gè)村莊看上去更漂亮。(see和the

village之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）

Seeing

from

the

hill,

we

can

see

a

beautiful

village.

從山上看，我們可以看到一個(gè)漂亮的村莊。(see和

we之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）三、過去分詞作狀語的注意事項(xiàng)

1.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when,

though,

although,

as

if,

as

though,

if,

unless,until,

once等，表示時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式等。

When

(he

was)

asked

about

it,

he

could

hardly

hold

back

his

feelings.

當(dāng)被問及此事，他難以控制自己的感情。Unless

(I

am)

invited,

I

won’t

attend

the

party.

除非受到邀請，否則我不會參加聚會。

從山間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系2.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。

The

film

star

got

off

the

train

and

she

was

surrounded

by

her

fans.

=

The

film

star

got

off

the

train,

surrounded

by

her

fans.

那位電影明星走下火車，被她的粉絲團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住。

After

the

plan

was

discussed

many

times,

the

plan

was

carried

out

at

last.

=Discussed

many

times,

the

plan

was

carried

out

at

last.

在討論了許多次之后，這個(gè)計(jì)劃最終被執(zhí)行了。3.有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時(shí)表示人的狀態(tài)。常見的有:satisfied,

surprised,

excited,

delighted,interested,moved,

worried,

pleased,disappointed

等。Surprised

at

what

had

happened,

Tom

didn’t

know

what

to

do.

湯姆對所發(fā)生的事情感到非常驚訝，不知如何是好?！餃剀疤崾痉衷~作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。

主動(dòng)用ing，被動(dòng)用ed。

having(been)

done

表先后，千萬要牢記。

四、單句語法填空：When

I

entered

his

room,

he

was_________

(bury)

in

his

schoolbooks.

2.

The

old

man

lay

on

the

beach

at

ease_________

(expose)

to

the

sun.

3.

He

was_________

(discourage)

when

he

heard

his

mother’s

words.

4._________

(admit)

into

a

key

university,

the

girl

was

very

excited

and

burst

into

tears.

5.

The

child

was

clearly_________

(puzzle)

at

being

addressed(稱呼)

in

such

a

grownup

way.

6.

Not_________

(know)

what

to

do,

the

children

had

to

wait

for

their

parents

to

e

back.

7._________

(discuss)

for

many

timesattheconference,

the

problems

were

settled

at

last.8.

The

case

shocked

the

public,_________

(cause)

a

hot

debate

over

human

nature

on

the

Internet.

9.

Steve

arrived

and

sat

in

the

front

row,_________

(surround)

by

his

familyandfriends.

10.

First_________

(celebrate)

in

1970,

the

Day

now

includes

events

in

more

than

190

countriesand

regions.

11._________

(frighten)

by

the

strangenoise

in

the

night,

the

girl

didn’t

dare

to

sleep

in

her

room.

12._________

(found)

in

1613,

Harvard

is

one

of

the

most

famous

universities

in

the

United

States.

13._________

(give)

better

attention,

the

accident

ontheroadcould

have

been

avoided.

14._________

(pare)

with

you,

we

still

have

along

way

to

go.

15.The

seventyyearold

man

went

into

the

room,

_________

(support)

by

his

wife.

16.

The

professor

came

inthelecturehall,_________

(follow)

by

group

of

young

students.17._________

(choke)

by

the

heavy

smokeinthefire,

he

could

hardly

breathe.

18._________

(catch)

in

heavy

rainasthestormcamesosuddenly,

he

was

all

wet.19._________

(leave)

itself

in

the

roombyhisbusymother,

the

baby

began

to

cry.

20._________

(ask)

why

he

did

it,

the

monitor

said

thatit

was

his

duty.

21._________

(see)

in

this

aspect,

the

matter

isn’t

as

serious

as

people

generally

suppose.

22._________

(grow)

in

rich

soil,

these

seeds

can

grow

fasterthaneverbefore.

23._________

(surround)

by

his

students,

the

professor

sat

there

cheerfully,drinkinghistea.

24.Listeningtomytruestory,he

stood

there

silently,_________

(move)

to

tears.25._________

(beat)

by

the

police

and

sent

to

jail,

Gandi

created

the

principle

of

nonviolent

resistance

first.

26._________

(defeat)

againinthesecondturn,

he

didn’t

lose

heartandstudiedevenharder.27._________

(give)

more

encouragementbyhisteacher,

the

boy

could

have

behaved

better.

28._________

(face)

with

difficultiesontheway,

we

must

try

to

overe

them.

29._________

(absorb)

in

deep

thought,

he

didn’t

hear

the

soundoutsidetheoffice.

30._________

(write)

in

abithurry,

this

article

was

not

so

goodastheonehewrotethreeyearsago.31.(influence)bytheirbeliefsandqualities,wearetryingtomakeadifference.32.Highly(interest)inmusic,Henrybegantowriteoriginalpositionswhenhewasinhighschool.33.(fill)withteamspirit,theyactasawhole,alwaysaimingforglory.34.Well(know)asasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingqualities.35.Clearlyandthoughtfully(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.36.Ifnot(forgive)byhisclassmates,hewillfeelsorryforever.37.(surround)byalotofgreentreesandflowers,thevillagehasbeautifulsurroundings.38.As(mention)aboveinthepassage,thefunctionofthedeviceiswonderful.39.(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.40.(lead)bytheParty,wehavewononevictoryafteranotherinthepastfortyyears.41.Hewon’tetoattendtheimportantmeetingunless(invite).42.Thereweren’tasmanyvisitorsas(expect)atthebeginningoftheactivity.43.Ourteachercameintheclassroom,(follow)byanewstudentwithaheavyschoolbag.44.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwere(bury)underpilesoflawbooks.45.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditions....46.Wewere(impress)bythesmallclasssizewithnomorethan15studentsineachclassroom.47.Theystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgetting(fine).48.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimetoget________(change)beforetheparty.49.Thisgovernmentis(mit)toextendingparentalchoiceinfundamentaleducation.50.Thisactivityis(aim)atimprovingthestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking.五、高考真題回顧：1.(2021·全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee__________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefits......2.(2020年1月浙江高考)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge_______(pare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbees_______(older)thanbefore.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).六、語篇語法填空：(1)007intheKitchenAsamanwhocheerfullysingintheshowerwithoutanyembarrassment,Iwon’tfeelshamefultoadmitthatIalsoloveplayingloudmusicwhencookinginthekitchen.But1mightmakethingsatinylittlebitawkwardisthetypeofmusicIplay,andconsequentlythefeelingsIderive(獲得)fromit.Oneofmyalltime2(favourite)istheJamesBondTheme.Immersed(沉浸)inthetensionitcreateswhilechoppingveggiesintosmallpieces,Ialwaysfinditimpossiblenot3(picture)myselfasawelltrainedspecialagentwithlicensetokill.Andallofasuddenmovingtothemusicwithoutmissing4beatseemstohavealottodowithnationalsecurity.Asthemusicplays,thekillerinstinctinmybloodisunleashed(被釋放),whichmakes5(fry)apieceofbloodysteakaseasyastakingcandyfromadiabetic(糖尿病的)manwhonolongerwishestoeatcandy.AllIneedtodoistoact6(prompt)withoutmercy.However,therewillbeothertimeswhenthesuccessofthewholemission7(count)onwhetherIcanremovethebonesfromthefish.Believeitornot,theplexityofthisprocessisnolessgreaterthanthatofdefusing(拆除)atimebomb.Sointhisscenario,8givingintothemusiceasily,Imustconstantlyandconsciouslycontrolmyselfsoasnottobecarriedaway.Afterall,afishbone9(catch)inthethroatisasunfortableasitcanbe.Ofcourse,intheend,10impossiblethemissionseems,liketheplotofeveryHollywoodspymovie,thecookcanalwayssavetheday.(2)IthoughtIknewalotaboutHamlet.PekingOperaversionofHamlet.1(see)quiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullof2(confident)untilthePekingOperacametotown.TofindoutwhetherPekingOperaiseasierthanaShakespeareplay3(understand),IwenttoseeTheRevengeofPrinceZidanthePekingOperaversionofHamlet.Startingwithanorchestra4(play)traditionalChineseinstruments,theoperabroughtapletelynewsoundtomyears.Atfirst,Ithought5Iheardwasaviolin,butlaterIlearntthatitwasaninstrument6(call)jinghu.Then,seeingthemaincharacterse7stage,Iwassurprised!Thecostumesandmaskswereamazing.TheperformerslanginChinese,butthemusic,exaggeratedmovementsandmimehelpedgetthemeanings8totheaudience.Ifyouwanttoseeashow9binesmusic,singing,drama,poetryandcostumedesignwith10(explode)effect,TheRevengeofPrinceZidanticksalltherightboxes.(3)Chinahassplendidculturewithalonghistory.Chineseoperaisoneofthe1(old)dramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheTangDynasty(618AD907AD),theemperorsetup2operaschoolwiththepoeticname“Liyuan”.SincetheYuanDynasty,encouraged3officialsandemperors,it4(bee)atraditionalartform.DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecamefashionableamongordinarypeopleandperformances5(give)intearooms,restaurantsandevenontemporarystages.Itdevelopedfromfolksongs,dances,talking,antimasques(滑稽戲)andlocalmusic.Graduallyitbinedmusic,art6literatureintooneperformanceonstage.7(acpany)ontraditionalmusicalinstruments,actorspresenteduniquemelodies(旋律)thatmaysoundstrangetoforeignersaswellasbeautifullywrittendialogues,8wereofhighliteraryvalue.Thesedialoguesalsopromotedthe9(develop)ofdistinctliterarystyles,suchaszajuintheYuanDynasty.ForChinese,10(especial)theelderly,listeningtothiskindofoperasometimesisarealpleasure.(4)AgroupofyoungChinesearetryingtobreathenewlifeintoancienttextsabouttraditionalmusicbycreating1(origin)musicandstylishmusicvideos2(feature)traditionalinstruments.ZiDeGuqinStudiohasrecentlybeefamousforstylishmusicvideos3allthesongsareplayedusingtraditionalinstruments.Guqin,apluckedsevenstringedinstrument(彈撥的七弦樂器),isoneofthemostfrequentlyappearinginstrumentsinthesevideos.Thisinstrument4(record)inawealthofbooksandmaterialsoverthecenturies,withmorethan3,000guqinsongs5(keep)inancienttexts.Thestudio’s6(adapt)ofancientsongshavegrownpopularamongyoungpeopleinChina.Accordingtothestudio’smembers,theirsuccessisowing7twomainfactors:therecentriseinthe8(popular)oftraditionalChinesecultureandtheirowninnovation.Traditionalculturehasbeenmakinganobviousrevival(復(fù)興)asmoreyoungpeoplehave9strongersenseofnationalidentity.“Intheprocessofmakingvideos,weabsorbsomefunandinterestingelementsandattempt10(give)theseworksagreataesthetic(審美的)appealintermsofvisualeffects,”amemberofthestudiosaid.(5)AGreatmusicianBringsAncientChineseSoundstoLondonOntheafternoonofthesecondSaturdayofeverysecondmonth,ChengYudressesintraditionalChineseattire(服裝)andtakesaguqinandpipatoaspecialgatheringshestartedinLondon20yearsago.ChengisamasterofthetwoinstrumentswhowastrainedatXi’anConservatoryofMusicbefore1(play)withtheChinaN