職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)模擬27

［模擬］職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)模擬27

詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)帶有

括號(hào)或下劃線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語(yǔ)。

第1題：

rm(sceptical)oftheteam，schancesofwinning.

A.hesitate

B.doubtful

C.humble

D.irritable

參考答案：B

sceptical與doutbful同義,意為"(對(duì)某事物)不肯相信的，懷疑的。"hesitate

“猶豫，躊躇，遲疑"；humble“謙讓的，低下的，卑微的"；irritable"急

躁的，易怒的，暴躁的”。

第2題：

Ourinterestswerequite(distinct)fromtheseofthemanagers.

A.different

B.grateful

C.noble

D.mature

參考答案：A

bedistincefrom與bedifferentfrom同義，意為“與...不同，與...不

一樣」

第3題：

Manydifficultwordsareoutsidethe(scope)ofthislearner's.

A.awareness

B.distance

C.range

D.aim

參考答案：C

scope與range同義，意為“范圍，限度，幅度，程度。"awareness"察覺(jué)，

知道，明白"；distance“距離，間距“；aim“目的，意圖”。

1

第4題：

(Merge)thefollowingtwoshortsentencesintoonenewsentence.

A.Split

B.Break

C.Combine

D.Divide

參考答案：C

merge與combine同義，意為“(使兩事物)合并，組合，結(jié)合"。split”使(某

事物)裂開(kāi)，碎裂"；break"弄破，弄碎，弄斷"；divide"分隔，分開(kāi)，分割

開(kāi)”。

第5題：

BecauseofthestrongsunMrs.Williamnewbluedining-room(curtains)

fadedtograywithinayear.

A.windowcoverings

B.cushions

C.curves

D.screens

參考答案：A

curtains意為“窗簾，簾子”，與windowcoverings同義。cushion“軟墊，

靠墊，墊子"；curve“曲線，弧線"；screen"屏，幕，隔板”。

第6題：

Everyexperienceteachesthepeoplesomethingandtheeffectsare

(cumulative).

A.increasing

B.conspicuous

C.noticeable

D.dubious

參考答案：A

cumulative與increasing同義，意為“(數(shù)量，力量等)漸增的，累積的。

conspicious”顯而易見(jiàn)的，明顯的，惹人注目的“；noticeable“易見(jiàn)的，明

顯的，顯著的"；dubious“不大可靠的，名聲不好的，冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的”。

第7題：

Manyrichmenonlydriveold,(unpretentious)cars.

A.ordinary

B.second-hand

2

C.luxury

D.shabby

參考答案：A

unpretentious與ordinary同義，意為“不夸大的，平常的，普通的。"second-hand

“二手的"；luxury"豪華的，奢侈的，奢華的"；shabby“破舊的，衣衫襤褸

的”。

第8題：

Thewoman's(scowl)showedshewasnotsatisfiedwiththeservicehere.

A.ironicexpression

B.bad-temperedlook

C.goodlooking

D.trickylook

參考答案：C

scowl與bad-temperedlook同義，意為“怒容”。

第9題：

Theroadwascoveredwithsnowandice.SoI(slithered)veryoften.

A.walkedslowly

B.lookedaround

C.slippedunsteadily

D.felltotheground

參考答案：C

slither與slipunsteadily同義，意為“搖晃不穩(wěn)地滑動(dòng)或滑行?！?/p>

第10題：

The(consumption)ofbeerdidnotgodownwhenthetaxwasraised.

A.production

B.price

C.expense

D.value

參考答案：C

consumption與expense同義，意為“消費(fèi)，開(kāi)銷"。production”制造,生產(chǎn)，

產(chǎn)量”；price“價(jià)格，價(jià)錢"；value“價(jià)值”。

第11題:

3

BenjaminRushestablishedthefirstfree(dispensary)intheUnited

States.

A.clinic

B.school

C.library

D.university

參考答案：A

dispensary表示“診療所”，與A項(xiàng)的clinic"診所"意思相同。school"學(xué)

?！保籰ibrary“圖書(shū)館”；university"大學(xué)”。

第12題：

Mywifehasbeen(exerting)alotofpressureonmetochangemyjob.

A.exhausting

B.demonstrating

C.using

D.exhibiting

參考答案：C

exert與use同義，意為“用(某特質(zhì)，技巧，壓力等)應(yīng)用。"exhaust“用盡,

耗盡,使疲倦/疲勞”；demonstrate”證明,論證,表明,表示"。exhibit

“當(dāng)眾顯示，展覽，展出”。

第13題：

Shehadtolookafterahouse,abiggardenandfivedogs(into)the

bargain.

A.inaddition

B.including

C.except

D.inall

參考答案：A

intothebargain意為“加之,此外，除...之外"，與inaddition同義。

第14題：

Hedevoteshistimetothe(acquisition)ofknowledge.

A.achievement

B.handle

C.obtaining

D.provision

4

參考答案：C

acquisition與obtaining同義，意為“獲得,得到,獲得物?！盿chievement

“達(dá)到，完成，成績(jī)，成就”；handle“可能被利用的事實(shí)，把柄，可乘之機(jī)”；

provision”供應(yīng),提供,供給”。

第15題：

TheattackonFortSumternearCharleston（provoked）asharpresponsefrom

theNorth,whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

A.demanded

B.elicited

C.expedited

D.defied

參考答案：B

provoked“弓|起”與B項(xiàng)的elicited“弓|起"同義。demanded“要求"；expedited

“促進(jìn)"；defied“蔑視”。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選

擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B項(xiàng)；如果該句的信息文

章中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C項(xiàng)。

Antibioticresistancedoesn，tjustmakepathogens（病原體）difficult

totreat,ItalsomakesthemhardertotrackTraditionally,

epidemiologists（流行病專家）followingthepathsofdisease-causing

microbeshaveidentifiedtheirsuspectsbyfeaturesofbacterial

polysaccharide（多糖）coats,susceptibilitytodifferentantibiotics,or

otherschemesButthesetrackingtechniques"arelosingtheirrelevance

（相關(guān)性，實(shí)用性），“saysAlexanderTomasz,amicrobiologistatRockefeller

UniversityinNewYorkCity.Withtheincreaseindrugresistance,a

varietyofresistantmicrobescannowwearthesamecoatorberesistant

tothesamedrugs,makingitharderandhardertokeeptabsonindividual

strains（菌株）.

Epidemiologists,therefore,areincreasinglyturningtomore

precisemoleculartypingtechniques,suchasDNAfingerprinting,to

distinguishresistantstrains.

DNAtypingtoolsare,ofcourse,notnew.Indeed,someDNA-based

methods,suchascomparingplasmids（質(zhì)體）（smallringsofDNAoutsidethe

chromosomes〈染色體〉）,havebeenusedbyepidemiologiststotrack

infectionssincethe1970s.butsinceplasmidDNAistransferredeasily

andoftenbetweendifferentstrains,thattechniquetoohasits

limitations.

5

Morerecenttechniquesuserestrictionenzymestocutapart

entirebacterialchromosomesintostrain-specificfragmentpatterns,

Anothermethodusesspecificradiolabeled（放射標(biāo)匯的）DNAprobes,ina

techniqueknownasSouthernhybridization（雜交），totestforthepresence

ofaparticulardrug-resistancegeneinabacterialstrain."Suchtools

giveepidemiologists,unprecedentedresolvingpowerforidentifying

reservoirsandtransitionroutesofgenesandpathogens,“saysTomasz.

Thathashelpedresearcherstrackanumberofdrug-resistantclonesas

theytravelvastdistances.

Suchtrackingmethodsalso〃helpuslearnaboutthemechanism

ofresistance,“saysCDC（疾病控制和預(yù)防中心）epidemiologistRobert

Breiman.Resistancegrows,heexplains,eitherasoneresistantorganism

spreadsfromonelocationtothenext—asintheBrazilianMRSA（耐甲氧

苯青素金黃色葡萄球菌）一orasdifferentstrainsandevenspeciesof

microbessharethegenesresponsiblefordrugresistance,asaseriesof

studiesofvancomycin（萬(wàn)古霉素）resistancerecentlydemonstrated.

Thatknowledgealsohelpspublichealthofficialscombatthe

spread.Ifresistancespreads^horizontally，asamicrobeincreasesits

range,Breimansaysit'simportanttofocuspreventioneffortson

minimizingperson-to-personspreadinhospitalsandday-carecenters.If,

however,resistancegenesarejumpingbetweenorganisms,thatsuggests

thatoverlyaggressiveantibiotictreatmentisencouragingnonresistant

bugstoacquirenewgenes.〃Insuchcases,thefocusneedstobeon

controllinganti-microbialuse,“saysBreiman.Thehoped-forresult:

fewerinfectionstotrack.

第16題：

Aspirinisoneoftheworld'soldestpainremedies.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：c

該句句意為“阿司匹林是全世界最古老的止痛藥之一?！钡疚牟](méi)有提到這一

點(diǎn)。

第17題:

Antibioticresistancemakespathogensneithermoredifficulttotreatnor

hardertotrack.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

6

見(jiàn)第一段第一句，“Antibioticresistancedoesn，tjustmakepathogens

difficulttotreat…”抗生素的耐藥性不僅使得對(duì)付病原體困難，而且使得對(duì)

病原體的追蹤更為艱巨。

第18題：

AccordingtoAlexanderTomasz,thetraditionaltrackingtechniquesare

turningouttobeefficient.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

見(jiàn)第一段“Butthesetrackingtechniquesarelosingtheirrelevance,“

saysAlexanderTomasz.亞歷山大?托馬滋說(shuō)：“這些追蹤技術(shù)正在失去它們

的實(shí)用性。

第19題：

Theexpertsofepidemiologyaretryingmoreprecisemoleculartrying

techniquessoastodistinguishresistantstrains.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

見(jiàn)第二段uEpidemiologists,therefore,areincreasinglyturningtomore

precisemoleculartypingtechniques…”因此,流行病學(xué)家越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向

于應(yīng)于更為精確的分子分型技術(shù)，如DNA指印術(shù)，以區(qū)別不同的耐藥菌株。

第20題：

Usingspecificradio-labeledDNAprobesprovidesepidemiologists

unprecedentedresolvingpowerforidentifyingreservoirandtransition

routesofgenesandpathogens.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

見(jiàn)第四段，"AnothermethodusesspecificradiolabeledDNAprobes…”新

近的技術(shù)，應(yīng)用限制酶把細(xì)菌的整個(gè)染色體切成一個(gè)個(gè)菌株特異性片斷模型。另

一種方法是采用特異放射標(biāo)記的DNA探針，技術(shù)上稱為南部雜交術(shù)，來(lái)檢測(cè)菌株

7

中是否存在一種獨(dú)特的耐藥基因。托馬滋說(shuō)：“這種工具給了流行病學(xué)家們鑒定

基因和病源體的貯存和變遷途徑前所未有的分辨能力?！边@大大地幫助了研究人

員能夠追蹤許多遠(yuǎn)距離傳播的耐藥性克隆。

第21題:

Itisofvitalimportancetoconcentratepreventioneffortsonminimizing

person-to-personspread.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

見(jiàn)最后一段，^Breimansaysit，simportanttofocuspreventionefforton

minimizingperson-to-personspredinhospitalsandday-carecenters.”

布里曼說(shuō)，如果耐藥性象微生物的范圍擴(kuò)展一樣呈“水平方式”，那么很重要的

是把重點(diǎn)放在努力預(yù)防上，將醫(yī)院和日護(hù)理中心人與人之間的擴(kuò)散盡量減少到最

低限度。

第22題：

Thisenzymemanufacturesprostaglandins,substancesthatcausepainand

inflammation.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

該句句意是“酶能產(chǎn)生前列腺素，是引起疼痛和炎癥的物質(zhì)?！钡疚牟⑽刺岬?/p>

這一點(diǎn)。

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任

務(wù)：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇1個(gè)

正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確

的選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。

1.AIDSisthefinal,life-threateningstageofinfection

withhumanimmuno-deficiencyvirus（HIV）.AIDSstandsforacquired

immuno-deficiencysyndrome.ThenamereferstothefactthatHIVseverely

damagesthepatient，sdisease-fightingimmunesystem.CasesofAIDSwere

firstidentifiedin1981intheUnitedStates,butresearchershavetraced

casestoasearlyas1969.MillionsofAIDScaseshavebeendiagnosed

worldwide.

2.AIDSiscausedbytwovirusesthatbelongtoagroupcalled

8

retroviruses.ThefirstAIDSviruswasisolatedbyresearchersinFrance

in1983andresearchersintheUnitedStatesin1984.Thisvirusbecame

knownasHIV-1,in1985,scientistsinFranceidentifiedanotherclosely

relatedvirusthatalsoproducesAIDS.Thisvirus,namedHIV-2,occurs

mainlyinAfricA.HIV-1occursthroughouttheworld.

3.PeopleinfectedwithHIVeventuallydevelopsymptoms

thatalsomaybecausedbyother,lessseriousconditions.WithHIV

infection,however,thesesymptomsareprolongedandoftenmoresevere.

Theyincludeenlargedlymphglands,tiredness,fever,lossofappetite

andweight,diarrhea,yeastinfectionsofthemouthandvagina,andnight

sweats.

4.AnHIV-infectedpersonmaydevelopAIDSfrom2to15or

moreyearsafterbecominginfected.InchildrenbornwithHIVinfection,

thisintervalisusuallyshorter.Afewpeoplewhohavebeeninfectedwith

HIVformorethan15yearshavenotdevelopedanysymptomsorsufferonly

minorsymptoms.Aninfectedpersoncantransmitthevirustoanother

personwhetherornotsymptomsarepresent.InfectionwithHIVappears

tobelifelonginallwhobecomeinfected.

5.ResearchershaveidentifiedthreewaysinwhichHIVis

transmitted:sexualintercourse,directcontactwithinfectedblood,and

transmissionfromaninfectedwomantoherfetusorbaby.Themostcommon

wayofbecominginfectedisthroughintimatesexualcontactwithan

HIV-infectedperson.IntheUnitedStates,sexualtransmissionofHIVhas

occurredmainlyamonghomosexualmen,butitisbecomingmorefrequent

amongheterosexualmenandwomen.

6.Peoplewhoinjectdrugsintotheirbodiescanbeexposed

toinfectedbloodbysharinghypodermicneedles,syringes,orequipment

usedtopreparedrugsforinjection.Health-careworkerscanbecome

infectedwithHIVbycomingintodirectcontactwithinfectedblood.

Thismayoccurthroughinjurywithaneedleorothersharpinstrumentused

intreatinganHIV-infectedpatient.Afewpatientshavebecomeinfected

whilereceivingtreatmentfromanHIV-infecteddentist.

7.AninfectedpregnantwomancantransmittheAIDSvirus

toherfetusevenifshehasnosymptoms.Transmissionmayalsooccurfrom

anHIV-infectedmothertoherbabythroughbreast-feeding.

8.StudiesindicatethatHIVisnottransmittedthroughair,

food,orwater,orbyinsects.NoknowncasesofAIDShaveresultedfrom

sharingeatingutensils,bathrooms,lockerrooms,livingspace,or

classrooms.

第23―26題

A.AIDSvirusesfallundertwocategoriesthatbothbelongtoagroup

calledretrovirusesB.AnHIV-infectedpersonmaynotalwaysdevelop

AIDS

C.Familymembersshouldnotshareeatingutensilswithan

9

HIV-infectedperson

D.ThesymptomsthatHIV-infectedpeopledevelopmaybesimilarto

butmoreseverethanthosecausedbyotherconditions

E.OfthethreewaysofHIVtransmissionindentifiedbyresearchers,

themostcommonisthroughintimatesexualcontactwithanHIV-infected

person

F.AnHIV-infectedpersonwillalwayssufferseveresymptoms

第27―30題

A.directcontactwithinfectedblood

B.from2to15ormoreyearsafterbecominginfected

C.withoutsymptoms

D.acquiredimmuno-deficiencysyndrome

E.liveinthesameroomwithanHIV-infectedroommate

第23題:

Paragraph2______.

參考答案：

A

詳細(xì)解答：

第二段段意為“艾滋病是由兩種屬于逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒的病毒引發(fā)的?！?/p>

第24題：

Paragraph3.

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

第三段段意為“感染HIV的患者最終會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些有可能由其它較輕微條件引

起的癥狀。

第25題:

Paragraph4.

參考答案：

B

詳細(xì)解答：

第四段段意為“HIV感染者是在受感染后2年或15年或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才發(fā)展為

艾滋病，并不是立即發(fā)作的，但對(duì)所有感染者來(lái)說(shuō)HIV感染都是終身的。

第26題:

Paragraph5______.

10

參考答案:

E

詳細(xì)解答：

第五段段意為“研究人員已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了三種HIV的傳播途徑：性交，直接接受

感染的血液以及由受感染的婦女傳給她的胎兒或嬰兒，最普遍常見(jiàn)的方式是通過(guò)

與HIV感染者進(jìn)行親密的性接觸。

第27題:

breast-feedingThetermAIDSisanacrtonymwhichrepresents.

參考答案：

D

詳細(xì)解答：

見(jiàn)第一段"AIDSstandsforacquiredimmuno-deficiencysyndrome."AIDS

是獲得性免疫缺陷綜合癥的縮寫。

第28題：

PeoplewithHIVinfectionusuallydevelopAIDS______.

參考答案:

B

詳細(xì)解答：

見(jiàn)第四段，"AnHIV-infectedpersonmaydevelopAIDSfrom2to15or

moreyearsafterbecominginfected.wHIV感染者將正在受到感染后2到15

年，或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)展為艾滋病。

第29題：

HIVistransmittedinthreeways:sexualintercourse,transmissionfrom

aninfectedwomantoherfetusorbabyand.

參考答案:

A

詳細(xì)解答：

見(jiàn)第五段，“ResearchershaveidentifiedthreewaysinwhichHIVis

transmitted：sexualintercourse,directcontactwithinfectedblood,and

transmissionfromaninfectedwomanotherfetusorbaby.”

第30題：

AnHIV-infectedmothermaytransmittheAIDSvirustoherfetus

11

through.

參考答案：

F

詳細(xì)解答：

見(jiàn)第七段^TransmissionmayalsooccurfromanHIV-infectedmotherto

herbabythroughbreast-feeding.n

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面

有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從

4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

弟扁

Ihadbeenworkinginthetraumaunitatalocalhospitalfor

aboutayear.Yougetusedtofamiliesthinkingthata〃coma〃patientis

movingtheirhandordoingsomethingthattheywereaskedtodo./zFollowing

commands"iswhatwecallit.Oftenit's"wishfulthinking"onthe

families，part.Nursescaneasilybecomecalloustoit.

Onthisparticularnightduringvisitinghours,mypatient's

wifecamein.Ihadtakencareofhimforseveramnights.Iwasvery

familiarwithhiscareandwhathewasabletodo.Actually,hedidn，t

doanything.Hebarelymovedatall,evenwhensomethingwouldobviously

hurthim,suchassuctioning.

Hiswifewasveryshort,about5feettall.Shehadtostand

onastooltoleanoverhim,sothatshecouldseehisfaceandtalkto

him.Sheclimbeduponthestool.Ispoketoherforafewminutes,and

thensteppedouttotendtomyotherpatient.Afewminuteslater,she

camerunningoutoftheroom.Inanexcitedvoice,shesaid,“Donna,he's

movinghishand!z，

Iimmediatelythoughtthatitwasprobablyherimagination,

andthathehadnotactuallydoneitonpurpose.Hehadbeenthereabout

amonthatthetimeandhadnevermadeanymovementsonpurpose.Iasked

herwhathadhappenedandshesaid,〃Iaskedhimtosqueezemyhandand

hedid!〃

Thisledmetoanothertrainofquestioning."But,didhelet

gowhenyouaskedhimto?〃Shesaidyes,thathehaddoneexactlywhat

sheasked.

Iwentintotheroomwithher,notreallybelievingthatIwould

seeanythingdifferentthanIhadalwaysseen.ButIdecidedthatitwould

bebettertopacifyherthantomakeherthinkIdidn，tbelieveheror

thatshewassomehowmistaken.

Sheaskedhimtosqueezeherhand,whichhedid.Isaid,“Well,

askhimtoletgo.〃Hecontinuedtosqueezeforamoment,sothatwhen

12

hefinallydidletgo,Ireallystilldidn，tbelievethathehaddoneit

onPurpose.So,Isaid,〃Askhimtoholduponefinger.Hedidasasked.

Well,hmm,thiswasstartingtogetmyattention.Ilookedat

him,hisfacestillsomewhatswollenandhiseyesstillclosed."Stick

outyourtongue!/zIsaid.Hedidit.Ialmostfellonthefloor.Itwas

thefirsttimeIhadeverseenanyone"wakeup.〃

第31題：

Thefirstparagraphindicatesthatmoreoftenthannotacomapatient

A.isfoundtobefollowingcommands

B.isthoughttobefollowingcommands

C.isusedtofollowingcommands

D.iscalloustonurses'commands

參考答案：B

由第一段可知，昏迷病人的家屬會(huì)一廂情愿地認(rèn)為病人能理解他的指令，其實(shí)并

非如此。

第32題：

Whatwastheconditionofthepatientbeforethatparticularnight?

A.Hetalkedonlywithhiswife.

B.Hebarelymovedatall.

C.Hemovedonlywhenhurt.

D.Hewastoolazytodoanythingatall.

參考答案：B

第二段寫到，文中的“我”對(duì)病人進(jìn)行了幾天的看護(hù)，對(duì)他的情況十分熟悉，還

說(shuō)："Actually,hedidn'tdoanything"（其實(shí)他什么都沒(méi)做），就是說(shuō)，幾

乎不動(dòng)。

第33題：

Howdidtheauthorfeeluponfirsthearingwhattheexcitedwifesaid?

A.Shewasamused.

B.Shewasdoubtful.

C.Shewasscared.

D.Shewasshocked.

參考答案：B

第四段開(kāi)頭，“我”在聽(tīng)說(shuō)了病人家屬的陳述后，“立刻想到這可能是她的想象”。

可見(jiàn)態(tài)度是懷疑的。

13

第34題：

Whatdidthepatientdoonthatparticularnight?

A.Hesqueezedandletgohiswife'shand.

B.Hehelduponeofhisfingers.

C.Hestuckouthistongue.

D.Alloftheabove.

參考答案：D

由末兩段可知，病人在“我”的面前握了妻子的手，然后放開(kāi)，還舉起手指，并

且伸出了舌頭，幾個(gè)動(dòng)作全都做到了。

第35題:

Theauthor“almostfellonthefloor"because.

A.shecouldhardlybelievehereyes.

B.shehadbeenworkingtoohard.

C.shehadbeendeceived.

D.shehadbeentripped.

參考答案：A

從前文得知，作者是不相信昏迷的病人能理解命令的應(yīng)的，但眼前這位病人的確

能對(duì)命令做出響應(yīng)，可想而知，他的態(tài)度是驚訝的，A最合適。

Weallageatdifferentrates.Heredityclearlyplaysan

importantpart.Butrecentresearchstudiesbygerontologistsindicate

thatlife-stylemaybeequallysignificantindeterminingwhowillremain

youthful.

Asarule,singlemenandwomenhaveshorterlivesthanmarried

menandwomen.Studiesshowthatthosewhohavebeenwidowed,especially

men,havealongerlifeexpectancyiftheyremarrysoon.Bothmenandwomen

seemtohaveagreaterresistancetodiseaseanddeathwhentheirmarriage

isundamaged.Accordingtoa1960study,womenwhohavebornethree

childrenhavethelowestmortalityrates.Thosewhohavebornefouror

morehavethehighest.Childlesswomenandthosewithonlyonechild

generallydon，tliveaslongasmotheroftwoorthree,accordingto

UniversityofChicagosociologistsEvenlyM.KitagawaandPhilipM.

Hauser.

It'simpossibletosayhowmuchsleepisideal.Somepeople

thriveonfivehoursanight,othersseemtorequireeightornine.

Scientistsagreethatconsistencyinsleepingpatternismoresignificant;

it'sbettertogetsixhours，sleepeverynightthantenhoursonenight

andthreethenext.

14

Whileit'struethatveryfewpeoplewhoenjoyalonglifeare

fat,thisdoesnotmeanthateverypoundyougainisgoingtoshortenyour

life.Infact,anongoingstudyinFramingham,Mass.,hasshowedthat

duringatleast30yearsofmiddlelife,leannesswasahigherfactorfor

mortalitythanfatness!Whatisknownisthatweightextremesineither

directionaredefinitelyunhealthy.Weighing20percentmoreorlessthan

youshouldweighcan,incertaincases,bealifeshortener.

Thebenefitsofregularexerciseareindisputable.Menengaged

inenergeticandpersistentphysicallaborhavefewerheartattacks.But

manyresearchersbelievethatexerciseneednotbeverystrongtokeep

youinshape.Thefirstprincipleofanylife-extensionprogram,then,

istoenjoyeverymomentofthelifeyouhave—whetheritlastsonemore

yearorahundred.AsthephilosopherJeanJacquesRousseauputit:"Teach

himtoliveratherthantoavoiddeath.Lifeisnotbreathbutaction,

theuseofoursenses,mind,faculties,everypartofourselveswhichmakes

usconsciousofourbeing.〃

第36題:

Whichofthefollowingisnotbeneficialtothelengtheningoflife?

A.Youshouldkeepagoodsleephabit.

B.Youshoulddophysicalexerciseonaregularbasis,

C.Youshouldtryandremainneithertooleannortoofat.

D.Youshouldtakepartinaguidedlife-extensionprogram.

參考答案:D

文中a??,thatlife-stylemaybeequallysignificantindeterminingwhowill

remainyouthful”句中表示生活方式對(duì)一個(gè)人的壽命有很大關(guān)系。A、B、C三

項(xiàng)都可以認(rèn)為是良好的“l(fā)ifestyle"，而D項(xiàng)既沒(méi)根據(jù)，也不合邏輯，所以“not

beneficialv。

第37題：

Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningofthephilosopher

Rousseau'swords?

A.Enjoyinglifeisoneofthebestwaystolengthenit.

B.Teachingotherstoliveanactivelife.

C.Avoidingdeathismoreimportantthanliving.

D.Weshoulduseoursenseskeenly.

參考答案：A

羅素告誡人們要去真正地生活而不只是避免死亡，"……用我們的感覺(jué)、思想、

才能，我們身上的每一個(gè)部分使我們意識(shí)到自己的存在”，與A項(xiàng)的“享受人生

是延長(zhǎng)生命的最好辦法”內(nèi)含是一致的。B、D項(xiàng)不錯(cuò)，但只是A項(xiàng)的其中一個(gè)

具體內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)立論錯(cuò)誤。

15

第38題:

Whatarethemainfactorsthatdeterminedifferentratesofaging?

A.Optimisticwaysoflife.

B.Afamilywiththreechildren.

C.Aregularsleeppattern.

D.Heredityandlife-style.

參考答案：D

文中“Weallageatdifferentrates.Heredityclearlyplaysanimportant

part,??,life-stylemaybeequallysignificant…”說(shuō)明了決定生命進(jìn)程的

兩個(gè)因素：遺傳與生活方式。

第39題:

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewidowedseemtohavealongerlifeexpectancy.

B.Thosewholeadanormalmarriagelifelivelongerthanthosewho

donot.

C.Singlepeopleliveashortlifebecausetheyarelonely.

D.Mothersoffourchildrenlivealongerlifethanchildlesswomen.

參考答案：B

第40題：

TheauthorofthearticlequotesRousseau，swordsto.

A.giveanexampleofahappylife

B.illustratehowpreciouslifeis

C.supporthisownviewpoint

D.makehisarticlesoundmoreimportant

參考答案：c

作者引述羅素的話是為了支持作者自己的觀點(diǎn)“toenjoyeverymomentofthe

lifeyouhave”,與羅素的話”…Lifeisnotbreathbutaction…”表達(dá)的

含義是相似的。

第三篇

Withoutregularsuppliesofsomehormonesourcapacityto

behavewouldbeseriouslyimpaired;withoutotherswewouldsoondie.Tiny

amountsofsomehormonescanmodifyourmoodsandouraction,our

inclinationtoeatordrink,ouraggressivenessorsubmissiveness,and

16

ourreproductiveandparentalbehavior.Andhormonesdomorethan

influenceadultbehavior;earlyinlifetheyhelptodeterminethe

developmentofbodilyformandmayevendetermineanindividual's

behavioralcapacities.Laterinlifethechangingoutputsofsome

endocrineglandsandthebody'schangingsensitivitytosomehormonesare

essentialaspectsofthephenomenaofaging.

Communicationwithinthebodyandtheconsequentintegration

ofbehaviorwereconsideredtheexclusiveprovinceofthenervoussystem

uptothebeginningofthepresentcentury.Theemergenceofendocrinology

asaseparatedisciplinecanprobablebetracedtotheexperimentsof

BaylissandStarlingonthehormonesecretion.Thissubstanceissecreted

fromcellsintheintestinalwallswhenfoodentersthestomach;ittravels

throughthebloodstreamandstimulatesthepancreastoliberate

pancreaticjuice,whichaidsindigestion.Byshowingthatspecialcells

secretechemicalagentsthatareconveyedbythebloodstreamandregulate

distanttargetorgansortissues,BaylissandStarlingdemonstratedthat

chemicalintegrationcanoccurwithoutparticipationofthenervous

system.

Theterm"hormone"wasfirs