新高考英語三輪沖刺查缺補(bǔ)漏專題01閱讀原卷版

專題01閱讀理解目錄01挑戰(zhàn)真題·查知識漏洞02回顧教材·補(bǔ)知識漏洞回顧知識體系回顧核心考點易混易錯歸納03知識通關(guān)演練Passage1（2023年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（新高考Ⅰ）WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals？Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First，heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina."Ecologicaldesign"isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，"hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair."1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks？______A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou？______A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork？______A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

Passage2（2023年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（新高考Ⅰ）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivateasustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitudeandthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.5.Whatisthebookaimedat？______A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter"inparagraph3mean？______A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.7.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone？______A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo？______A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.回顧知識體系回顧核心考點閱讀理解做題步驟題文同序先看題干；確定關(guān)鍵詞帶著關(guān)鍵詞，去文中準(zhǔn)確定位；結(jié)合題干問題，對比文本和選項；細(xì)節(jié)理解題，同義替換是答案。英語閱讀，明明每個單詞都認(rèn)識，每個小短句也熟悉，就是連起來不知道什么意思；每個選項都像是對的，最后的生死二選一總是出錯，完美避開正確答案，到底是哪一步出現(xiàn)了問題？考點一：例證題1.當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify時。2.返回原文，找出該例證所在的位置，既給該例子定位。3.搜索該例證周圍的區(qū)域，90%向上，10%向下，找出該例證支持的觀點。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達(dá)通常就是它的論點。??注意：舉例的目的是為了支持論點或是為了說明主題句。舉例后馬上問這個例子說明了什么問題?不能用例子中的話來回答這個問題。4.找出該論點，并與四個選項比較，得出選項中與該論點最一致的答案。例證題錯誤答案設(shè)計的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事。即用例子中的某一內(nèi)容拉出來讓你去選。(╳)??要求：在閱讀中，遇到長的例子，立即給這個例子定位，即找出起始點，從哪開始到哪結(jié)束?？键c二指代題1.返回原文，找出出題的指代詞。2.向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語或句子(先從最近點開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會離得太遠(yuǎn))。3.將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。4.將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個選項進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案?？键c三詞匯題“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出該詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方。②確定該詞匯的詞性③從上下文(詞匯的前后幾句)中找到與所給詞匯具有相同詞性的詞(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所給詞匯在文章中的位置(將之替換)看語義是否合適④找出選項中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相，即答案??注意：a.如果該詞匯是簡單詞匯，則其字面意思必然不是正確答案。b.高考閱讀不是考察字認(rèn)識不認(rèn)識，而是考察是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。c.詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。d.尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標(biāo)點(比如分號，分號前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并列就是語義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義)、定語從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。比如：讓猜一個名詞詞組(動詞詞組)的意思，我們就向上向下搜索名詞詞組(動詞詞組)。隱蔽型詞匯題題干與原文的某句完全重合，只有一兩個詞被替換掉。隱蔽型詞匯題的做法跟詞匯題的做法幾乎一樣，往上往下找。四、句子理解題1.返回原文找到原句。2.對原句進(jìn)行語法和詞義的精確分析(找主干)，應(yīng)該重點抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定，則依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。注意：局部含義是由整體決定的。3.一般來說，選項中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過用其他英語詞匯換種表達(dá)而已。4.句子理解題的錯誤選項干擾項特征：推得過遠(yuǎn)。做題時應(yīng)把握住推的度。??思路：對句子微觀分析?不行就依據(jù)上下文?選擇時不要推得過遠(yuǎn)。五、推理題“最近原則”1.標(biāo)志：learn,infer,imply,inform2.看是否可以通過題干返回原文或依據(jù)選項返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點進(jìn)行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點上。3.依據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行三錯一對的判斷。先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有一個選項跟原文的意思一模一樣，則該選項必然是正確答案。推理題不是考察我們的想象力，它實際是考察我們原文中的某幾個點如一個、兩個點所涉及的問題我們讀透了沒有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的遠(yuǎn)的要好。4.推理題的最近答案原則：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推的好。(原文的某句話變個說法)??注意：做題時不能想得太多，推得過遠(yuǎn)。是否把原文讀懂才是關(guān)鍵。六、主旨題“串線摘帽”即在自然段少的時候串串線，串線法解不出來時，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。1.主旨題的標(biāo)志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle2.串線法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句話，把其意思連接成一個整體。要注意總結(jié)性的提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞，特別要注意中心句。(主要針對自然段少的文章;針對自然段多的文章，主旨題最好聯(lián)系中心句。找一個和中心句最貼近的3.小心首段陷阱。4.主旨題錯誤選項的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：①局部信息，即選項的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容;②范圍過寬，即選項的內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。5.逆向思維法、快速作文法：在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有那些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項。七、作者態(tài)度題1.標(biāo)志：attitude2.應(yīng)精確理解四個選項的含義3.不要摻雜自己的觀點。4.可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。如：fortunately,excessively,toomany5.舉例的方式。6.抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來，看整個文章的謀篇結(jié)構(gòu)。7.做作者態(tài)度題時特別注意：首先看清楚是誰對誰的態(tài)度。八、判斷題1.看可否通過四個選項具體化到文中一點或者根據(jù)自然段原則定位。2.每個選項都應(yīng)返回原文，不能憑主觀印象進(jìn)行判斷。3.要重點抓是“三錯一對”還是“三對一錯”的關(guān)系(做題是要看清題目)。九、細(xì)節(jié)題看完題目回到原文，重疊原文，得出答案重點題型中的幾個問題詞匯題：字面意思不是答案，要根據(jù)上下文推測其深刻含義句子理解題：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。推理題：答案很大程度上是原文的重現(xiàn)，不一定非要經(jīng)過邏輯推理從原文中得出。正確答案的特征1.正確答案經(jīng)常與中心思想有關(guān)。2.正確答案的位置，最常見的三個位置是：段首段尾處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果處。3.正確答案經(jīng)常運用的原則是：①原文原詞。用原文原詞作為正確選項。②同義替換。常見方法有：對原文中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，如把useup換成runoutof;把原文中的一些詞變換詞性，如把修飾語important變換成ofimportance;改變原文句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。③信息歸納。用精煉的語言概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確選項。。4.從語氣角度來看，正確答案中經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語氣詞和委婉表達(dá)的用詞。如：can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.5.正確答案經(jīng)常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只見樹木不見森林。錯誤答案的特征1.文不對題。是原文信息，但不是與題目對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。2.張冠李戴。細(xì)節(jié)與原文一致，但把本來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”。3.無中生有。符合常識，但原文未提及。4.偷梁換柱。與原文信息極其相似，但在關(guān)鍵信息處改變了或所指對象等從而改變具體內(nèi)涵5.擴(kuò)縮范圍。如原文用almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,轉(zhuǎn)換。usually等詞對信息加以限制，干擾選項則改變了限定范圍。6.顛倒是非。與原文信息大相徑庭甚至完全相反。7.正誤參半。內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯誤。易混易錯歸納【易錯題01】細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.（2022全國甲卷）AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.【答案】C【錯誤分析】首先，抓不住題干細(xì)節(jié)，不能迅速定位到文中對應(yīng)段落進(jìn)行有效精準(zhǔn)翻譯，同時對文中長難句翻譯時不會有效斷句和提取主干?！窘忸}思路】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在最后一刻買到從火地島附近島嶼前往南極洲的廉價船票)”可知，是折扣的票價讓Ginni決定去南極洲旅行的。故選C?！疽族e題02】推理判斷題1.（2022新高考I卷）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureLateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】A【錯誤分析】根據(jù)已給信息進(jìn)行綜合歸納計算能力欠缺，只注重字面單一意思，不能有效運算推理。【解題思路】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。【易錯題03】主旨大意題1.Askingforhelpisasignofstrengthratherthanweakness.InAmericanculture,theindependentindividualisseenastheirideal.AstheUniversityofMissouriatSt.LouisstatesonitswebsiteundertheheadingKeyAmericanValues,“Americanshavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestinies.”Thevaluealsomakesthemthinktheycandoeverythingthemselves,andmakesthemfeelbadlyaboutaskingforhelpwhentheyneedit.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatkeyAmericanvaluesare.B．WhyAmericansrefusetoaskforhelp.C．Askingforhelpisasignofstrength.D．Americansareresponsiblefortheirlife.【答案】B【錯誤分析】不會正確分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，主旨句通常位于段首，無法對上下文進(jìn)行長難句劃分并合理翻譯?！窘忸}思路】段落大意題。本段第一句指出了本文的主旨大意，但是接著話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，講到在美國，由于受到傳統(tǒng)文化的影響，人們一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解釋了“美國人為什么一般都不愿求助于人”這個問題。Passage1(2024年青海省百所名校高考英語二模試卷)Peoplemayforminaccurateimpressionsaboutusfromoursocialmediaposts，findsnewCornellUniversityresearchthatisthefirsttoexamineperceptions（認(rèn)知）ofourpersonalitiesbasedononlineposts.

Anannlysisofonlinestatusupdatesfoundgreatdifferencebetweenhowviewerssawtheauthorsacrossarangeofpersonalitytraits，andtheauthors'self-perceptions.

ViewersratedtheInternetusersonaverageashavinglowerself-esteemandbeingmoreself-revealing，forexample.thantheusersratedthemselves.Statusupdatescontainingphotos，videosorlinksinadditiontotextfacilitatedmoreaccurateassessmentsthanthosewithjusttext.theresearchersfound.

Overall，theysaid，thestudyshedslightonthedynamicprocessbywhichacyberaudiencetriestomakesenseofwhowearefromisolatedfragments（碎片）ofsharedinformation，jointlyconstructingourdigitalidentity.

"Theimpressionpeopleformaboutusonsocialmediabasedonwhatwepostcandifferfromthewayweviewourselves."saidQiWang，professorofpsychologyanddirectoroftheCulture&CognitionLab."Amismatchbetweenwhoweareandhowpeopleperceiveuscouldinfluenceourabilitytofeelconnectedonlineandthebenefitsofengaginginsocialmediainteraction."

TheCornellresearchersbelievetheirstudyisthefirsttoinvestigateaudienceperceptionsofsocialmediausersthroughtheirposts.Onplatforms，usersoftensharefragmentarypersonalnarrativeswhileinteractingwith"friends"theymayknowonlyalittleorsometimesnotatall.

Interestingly，thestudyfoundthatonlinestatusupdatesgeneratedperceptionsofusersthatwereconsistentwithculturalstandardsinofflinecontextsconcerninggenderandethnicity—eventhoughviewerswereblindtotheiridentities.

Wangsaidthefindingscouldhelpdevelopersdesigninterfacesthatallowpeopletoexpressthemselvesmostauthentically.

"Ifpeople'sviewofusisverydifferentfromwhoweactuallyare，orhowwewouldliketobeperceived，"Wangsaid，"itcouldharmoursociallifeandwell-being."1.Whatmayyouronlinepostsleadto？______A.Authenticdigitalidentity. B.Viewer'smisjudgmentofyou.

C.Lesssocialmediainteraction. D.Makingmoreonlinefriends.2.Whichofthefollowingwillleastrevealyourpersonality？______A.Alinkwithtext. B.Apurevideopost.

C.Aplaintextpost. D.Atextpostwithphotos.3.Whowillbemostinterestedinthesefindings？______A.Onlinewebviewers. B.Internetbloggers.

C.Computerrepairmen. D.Socialmediadevelopers.4.WhatdoesWangthinkoftheresultoftheresearch？______A.Profitable. B.Meaningless. C.Useful. D.Unpractical.Passage2(2024年青海省百所名校高考英語二模試卷)Firstestablishedin2000tohelpthousandsofworkingdonkeysinIsraelandthePalestinianTerritories，thecharitySafeHavenforDonkeyshasbegunworkingwithanEgyptianpartnerorganisation，theBridgeFoundation，toprovidecaretothedonkeysintheElSafregionofEgypt.

Thousandsofdonkeysandmulesworkinthebrickkilns（磚窯）inEgypt，ofwhichthereareapproximately1.000，carrying1.4to1.6tonnesofbricksandmovingatanintensepacetopreventunfiredbricksfromcrackingintheheat.Duetoalackofexpertveterinary（獸醫(yī)）care，manyoftheseanimalsaresufferingintensepainfromharnesswounds，beatings，teethandhoofissuesandparasiticdiseasesspreadbyflies.

NowacollaborationbetweenUKcharitySafeHavenforDonkeysandEgyptiancommunitydevelopmentcharitytheBridgeFoundationisprovidingmuch-neededrelieftotheseanimals.Theprojectincludesamobileveterinaryclinicwhichtreatscommoninjuriesandinfectionsandtrainsownersonhowtobestlookaftertheirdonkeysandmules.

SafeHavenforDonkeysCEOAndyFoxcroftsaid，"Currently，nootheranimalwelfarecharityprovidesveterinaryinterventionsintheseparticularkilns，hencetheneedforSafeHaven'sexpertise，ontheground.treatingsickandinjuredanimalsandprovidingtrainingforownersandlocalprofessionals（vetsandfarriers）.Thisfirstyearisvitalaswehopetomakealastingimpactbyreducingtheunnecessarysufferingofworkinganimals.whichsadly.isalltoocommonafeatureinthebrickkilns."

SafeHavenforDonkeys'work，whichhelpsanestimated10.000animalsayear.ismadepossiblebycharitabledonationsthatfundthetreatmentandtrainingthattheyoffer.YoucandonateatsafehavenA.5.Whatcausesthesufferingsofthedonkeys？______A.Theneedsofkilnsandtheirowners'cruelty.

B.Lackofexpertadviceandfoodshortage.

C.Heavyworkandshortageofpropercare.

D.Watershortageandtheheatofbrickkilns.6.HowwillSafeHavenforDonkeyshelptheworkingdonkeys？______A.Offeringrelieftothem. B.Providingtrainingforthem.

C.Rescuingthemfromhardwork. D.Monitoringthosebrickkilns.7.WhatdoesAndyFoxcroftexpectSafeHavenforDonkeystodo？______A.Bringaboutmoreprofessionalvets.

B.Treatsickandinjuredanimalswell.

C.Provideprofessionaltrainingforowners.

D.Shiftworkinganimals'situationlastingly.8.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph？______A.Tocallfordonations. B.Tosummarizethearticle.

C.TointroduceSafeHaven. D.TopraisetheworkofSafeHaven.Passage3（2024年江蘇省宿遷市高考英語一模試卷）Countlessstorieshaveportrayedthedeepconnectionbetweenhumansandhorses，suchasclassicliteraryworksBlackBeautyandTheChroniclesofNarnia.However，theextenttowhichhorsescomprehendtheirhumancompanionsremainsamystery.Recentresearchhasshownthathorsescandistinguishbetweenhumanexpressionsofhappinessandsadnessconveyedthroughfacialmovementsorvocaltones.

Theresearchersbrought28horsesintoaroomonebyone，eachwearingheartratemonitorsastheiractionswererecorded.Thehorsefacedtwoscreensplayingtwodifferentvideos：oneshowedahappypersonandtheotherasadperson.Avoicewasplayedatthesametime，soundinghappyorsad.

Whenthepictureandvoicedidn'tmatch—forexample，ifthevoicewassadbutthepictureshowedahappyperson—thehorseseemedpuzzledandlookedforalongertime，comparedtotheonethatdidmatch，asifitknewsomethingdidn'tmakesense."Youcouldimaginethattheyhaveaparticularboxintheirmindlabeled'humansadness'containingthecharacteristicsofbothasadfaceandasadvoice，andthatwhenwearesad，theyexpectwhatwesaytomatchhowwelook，"saidDoctoralResearcherOceaneLiehrmannoftheUniversityofTurku，inFinland.

Theresearchersalsosawthathorsesweremoreattentivetothescreendisplayingthehappyface.Theylookedatitmoreoftenandforalongertimeandtheirheartratesincreasedwhentheyheardahappyvoiceanddecreasedwhentheyheardasadvoiceaswell.

Itispossiblethatthehorsesmighthaveassociatedhappyhumanexpressionswithpositivememoriesfromtheirpast.Anothertheoryisthatseeingahappypersoncouldactuallymakeahorsefeelhappier—aprocessknownasemotionalcontagion."Wedon'tknowwhetherhorsesthemselvesunderstandwhatitistobesad.Itispossiblethattheylearnitmeanssomethingforahuman，"saidLiehrmann.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment？______A.Bycomparingdifferenthorses'expressions.

B.Bymonitoringhorses'oddbehaviorinthelab.

C.Bysummarizingthecharacteristicsofthehorses.

D.Byobservinghorses'reactiontohumanemotions.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresultoftheresearch？______A.Horseshadapreferenceforhappypeople.

B.Horsesweretoonervousaboutthevideos.

C.Horsesrecognizedpeople'sidentityquickly.

D.Horseslookedexcitedatavoiceofsadness.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contagion"probablymeaninthelastparagraph？______A.Support. B.Influence. C.Outbreak. D.Control.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.HumansImpactHorsesHugely

B.HorsesDislikeSorrowfulPeople

C.HumansandHorsesInteractClosely

D.HorsesKnowWhenYouareHappyPassage4（2024年河北省保定市高考英語一模試卷）AteveryweddingIattendedthispastyear，theeventspacehasbeendecoratedwithfamilyportraits-black-and-whitephotosofgrandparents，parentsin1970shairstylesandfamilyheirlooms（傳家寶）passeddownfromgenerations.

Asachild，Iusedtocrywhenlookingatthosereminders.Whenmyhusbandsuggestedmakingaslideshowofourfamilyphotosforourwedding，Irealizedwebarelyhadany.ItwasatthattimethatIunderstoodjustwhythesekindsofitemsinspiredsomanycomplicatedfeelings.

MygrandparentsimmigratedfromPolandtoCubainthe1930s.DuringtheCubanRevolution，theirbusinessandhomewereshutdown.ThefamilycametotheUnitedStatesin1968，leavingeverythingbutafewpiecesofclothingbehind.Mygrandparentsandmotherrespondedtothepaintheyhadexperiencedbyholdingontothings.

Today，whenmymothercomestovisit，shestillbringsbagsfullofusefulitemsevenifwehaveplentyoffood.Afullcupboard，ahousestockedwithusableobjects，istheultimateexpressionoflove.

Likemanywhoareprivileged（幸運）enoughnottohavetoworryabouthavingbasicthings，Itendedtoadmiretheopposite—theemptyspacesofyogastudios，thedelightfulfeelingofsortingthroughapileofstuffthatIcouldabandon.

NowthatmybrotherandIhavecomeofage，myparentshavebothexpressedadesiretodownsizeourpossessions.Iwentthroughthethingsthatmatteredmosttome：thebooksIlovedasachild；theCDsmadebyfriends；thecollegetextbooksIneverrememberedtoreturn.Theysaythatwecanappreciatetheobjectsweusedtolovedeeplyjustbysayinggoodbyetothem.ButIdidn'twanttogiveanyofthemupbecausetheyfilledwithmemoriesofapersonIoncewas，andapersonthatpartofmealwayswillbe.13.Theauthorrealizedthemeaningoffamilyolditemswhen______.A.shewasattendingafriend'swedding

B.shewaspreparingforherownwedding

C.herfamilycametotheUnitedStatesin1968

D.hermothercametovisit，bringingbagsfullofusefulitems14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowusbysharinghergrandparents'story？______A.Intheolddays，theelderssufferedalot.

B.TheCubanRevolutionbroughtpeoplemuchpain.

C.Someolditemsrepresentone'spreciousmemories.

D.Theyoungshouldtreasuretoday'shappylife.15.Whydidn'ttheauthorwanttogiveupherpreviousobjects？______A.Theywerethesymbolsoflove.

B.Theygaveherasenseofidentity.

C.Theyremindedheroftheolddays.

D.Theywerenolongeravailableanywhere.16.Whatcanweinferfromthistext？______A.Losttimewon'treturnanylonger.

B.Apictureisworthathousandwords.

C.Somesortofstuffisworthkeeping.

D.It'snevertoolatetomakeachange.Passage5（2024年廣東省湛江市高考英語二模試卷）LexiisjustalittlegirlfromCanadawhofoundherselfinaheart-stoppingsituation.Itstartedoffasanormalcartrip.AngelaShymanski，Lexi'smom，wasatthewheel，navigatingthetrickyroadsoftheRockieswithherdaughterLexiandherbabyPeterinthecar.Anunexpectedanimalranintotheroad.Angelaswerved（突然轉(zhuǎn)向）toavoidtheanimal.Unfortunately，theircarwasofftheroad，fallingdownasteepembankment（路堤）.

Thecrashwasnothingshortofterrifying.Angelaendedupwithabrokenback.Shewasunconscious，andunabletohelpherbabies.Meanwhile，babyPeter'scriesechoedinthechaos.ButLexi，onlyfiveyearsold，didn'tfreeze.Instead，sheshowedcouragethatwouldleavemanygrown-upsinawe.

Shequicklyjumpedintoaction.Thelittlegirl，withoutevenshoesonherfeet，wrestledfreefromherseatbeltandclimbedthe40-footembankment.Onceshereachedthetop，Lexidideverythingshecouldtoflagdownapassingcarinordertogethelpforhermomandbrother.

Lexi'sinsistencefinallypaidoff.Acarstopped，andthepeopleinsidedidn'thesitatetohelphercallforemergencyservices.Whentheparamedics（護(hù)理人員）arrived，theyfoundAngelainaseverestate，andherhearthadstopped.Thankfully，theymanagedtobringherback.

Lexi'sdad，reflectingontheincident，couldn'thelpbutbeamazedbyhisdaughter'sbravery.Hestressedhowimportantitisforkidstobepreparedforemergencies，shockedathowLexirememberedandactedonwhatshehadbeentaught.It'sapowerfulreminderofwhatkidscandowhenpushcomestoshove.

AndLexi'sheroismdidn'tgounnoticed.ShewasawardedaBronzeMedalforBraverybythepolice.ButfortheShymanskis，therealprizewasbeingbackineachother'sarms，safeandsound.17.Whatcausedtheaccident？______A.Thetoughroad. B.Thechildren'snoise.

C.Acarthatsuddenlyswerved. D.Ananimalappearingsuddenly.18.WhatwasLexi'sfirstmoveaftertheaccident？______A.Puttingonhershoes. B.Managingtogetoutofthecar.

C.Flaggingdownapassingcar. D.Scalingthe40-footembankment.19.WhatcanwelearnaboutLexifromparagraph5？______A.Herheroicactiondeservedrecognition.

B.Herdadknewherdaughterwellenough.

C.Shehadlearnedhowtodealwithemergencies.

D.Itwasimportantforhertofacesomeemergencies.20.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLexi？______A.Braveandhonest. B.Calmandcourageous.

C.Thoughtfulbutstubborn. D.Caringbutnaughty.Passage6（2024年陜西省渭南市高考英語一模試卷）Courageisahugethemeinmylife，aqualityIconstantlyseek，appreciate，andanalyze.Therootof"courage"is"cor，"theLatinwordforheart.Originally，couragemeant"tospeakone'smindbytellingallone'sheart."Whilecourageisoftenassociatedwithheroismnowadays，Ibelievetruecourageliesinbeingopenandhonestaboutwhoweareandhowwefeel.

Irecentlywitnessedanexampleoftruecourage.Duringamountain-climbingtripwithmy15-year-olddaughterandsomecollegestudents，Inoticedherstrugglingtokeepupwiththegroup.Despitemysuggestionstorest，shepersisteduntilshecouldn'tbreatheproperly.

Panicked，Icalledouttothefrontforhelp，buttherewasnoresponse，andwehadnocellphonesignal.Fortunately，twostudentsjustcamebacktocheckoutonus.Theyofferedassistanceandcalmedusdown.Aswecontinuedataslowerpace，theysharedtheirownexperiences，fromstartingoutasbeginnerslikemydaughtertobecomingconsistentlyamongthefirsttoreachthepeak.

"Youknow，"oneofthemsaid，lookingatmydaughter，"IwasjustlikeyouwhenIstarted.Butwithpracticeandproperpace，you'llgettheretoo."

"Yeah，don'tletyourlackofexperiencestopyou，"theotheradded."It'sokaytoadmitwhenyou'restrugglingornotfeelingalright.Infact，it'simportanttospeakupandaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.That'showweimproveandgrow."

Reachingthemountaintopwasahugereliefforbothmydaughterandme.However，thetwostudentsaddressedthecelebratinggroupdirectly，emphasizingtheimportanceofstayingtogetherintoughenvironments.Theirwordsledthegrouptoapologizetousforoverlookingourstruggle.

Iwastotallyamazedattheirbravery，andmydaughterlearnedthatit'sokaytobetheleastexperiencedinagroup.Courage，I'vecometorealize，hasarippleeffect.Eachtimewechoosecourage，weinspirethosearoundustobealittlebraverandmaketheworldalittlebetter.21.Whydoestheauthormentiontheoriginalmeaningofcourage？______A.Toargueforthetrueessenceofcourage.

B.Toquestionthecommonbeliefofcourage.

C.Toshowthechangingmeaningofcourage.

D.Toc