高一英語譯林版2020必修第三冊(cè)同步課件25Grammar（II）不定式全解與練習(xí)

Grammar&Usage(II)To-infinitivesasattributives

andadverbialsofresultUnit2

Naturaldisasters非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞首先是一種動(dòng)詞形式，其次是這種動(dòng)詞形式不能做謂語，綜合這兩點(diǎn)，我們將其叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.名稱語法功能主語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√Tohaveahealthydietkeepsusfit.Tofinishyourhomeworkontimeeverydayisyourduty.1.不定式作主語形式主語Itkeepsusfittohaveahealthydiet.Itisyourdutytofinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.熟記以下句型：Itis+adj.+todosth.Itis+a/an+n(pleasure,pity,crime,honor…)+todosthItis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.Itis+adj(表人品的)+ofsb.+todosth.Ittook(sb)sometime/courage/wisdom…+todosth.Itisnouse/good/useful/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth.Practicemakesperfect每天閱讀是很有用的。對(duì)她來說獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)是一個(gè)巨大的榮譽(yù)。從超市買菜比從菜農(nóng)那里買要貴。It'smoreexpensivetobuyvegetablesfromsupermarketsthanfromfarmers.Itisusefultoreadeveryday.It'sagreathonorforhertowinthisaward1.__________ismydream_____________(travel)tothemoonbyspaceship.2.Itisanhonor_________(get)thegoldmedalintheOlympics3.Itisnecessaryforus_______(be)constantlyremindedofourshortcomings.4.Itisnogood_____________(pretend)toknowwhatyoudon’tknow.5.Ittookthemfiveyears___________(build)thebridge.IttotraveltogettobetobuildpretendingPracticemakesperfect2.不定式作賓語Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.熟記以下單詞：decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，afford，promise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，fail，agree，forget，prefer，...1.Weagreed__________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.2.Mr.Smithdetermined________(go)tothecinema.3.Whenhisfathercamein,hepretended________________(study).4.Ifinditinteresting___________(learn)Maths.5.Heconsideredithisduty_________(care)aboutthehomelesskids.6.Wethinkitnecessary____________(increase)thesalary.

tomeettogotobestudyingtolearntocaretoincrease注意：不定式作某些特殊動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語,而把真賓語不定式和動(dòng)名詞放在句末。think/consider/find/feel/make/beilieve+it+adj/n+todosthPracticemakesperfect3.不定式作表語Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.Mywishistobeadoctor.Forhim,thefirststepistofindanofficejob.Themainpurposeofthemeetingwastoelectanewmanager.我的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。對(duì)于他來說，第一步就是找一個(gè)辦公室的工作。這次會(huì)議的主要目的是選一名新經(jīng)理。4.不定式作定語Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowis

important.IamsobusyIhavenotimetowritealetter.Ineedapentowritewith.不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。5.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等(1)My

mom

encouraged

me________(improve)my

writing

skills.(2)Heoften

makes

his

little

sister

________(cry).toimprovecry考點(diǎn)歸納：1.感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice hear listento feelsee+sbdosthsbdoingsthsthdoneIsawher________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.Shewasseen__________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.He________(see)tocrosstheroad.I________(see)sawhimcrosstheroad.Iheardher________(sing)asongwhenIpassedbyherroom.Iheardasong_________(sing)byalittlegirlyesterday.readtoread看見某人做了某事看見某人正在做某事看見某事被做wasseensawsingingsung2.使役動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ):haveletmake⑴havesbdosth:havesb/sthdoingsth:havesthdone:使某人做某事使某人/某物一直做某事使某事被做⑵makesbdosth:makeoneselfdone:使某人做某事使某人自己被…Ihadmycar______(wash)lastweek.I’mverybusy.Ihavealotoffiles________(type).Jimoftenmakeshissister________(cry),butthismorninghewasmade__________(cry)byhissister.Theplaceisnoisysoheshoutedtomakehimself________(hear).You’dbetternothavethelight________(burn)alldaylong.Ihavehadmybike___________(repair),andI'mgoingtohavesomebody______(repair)myradiotomorrow.crytocryheardwashedtotypeburningrepairedrepairPracticemakesperfect總結(jié):動(dòng)詞+賓語(sb.)

+todosthadvise allow ask beg

cause encourageexpect forbid get intend invite likelove order persuadeprefer permit require teach tell want warn wish6.不定式作目的狀語Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相當(dāng)于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語.Igotupearlysoastogettoschoolontime.Hewassocarelessastoleavehiscarunlocked.7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞…astodo引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastoclosethedoor,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.8.不定式作原因狀語Afterthestrongstorm,wewereveryamazedtoseethatourhousewasingoodconditionandourgrandparentswereverydelightedtoknowthatweweresafeandsound.Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。10.不定式的省略現(xiàn)象，即用動(dòng)詞原形的情況不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動(dòng)詞

have,make,let后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介詞but,except,besides后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省去to。Wedidnothingbut/exceptwait.

不定式符號(hào)to作表語時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)主語部分有行為動(dòng)詞do,作表語的不定式to可省略。

WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.

11.不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略1.動(dòng)詞love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。2.句式

wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式要保留不定式后的be或have。

---Areyouasailor?---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?---No,butIshouldhave(finished).

不定式口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表賓補(bǔ)定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。用時(shí)千萬要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓時(shí)用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯