廣東省云浮市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省云浮市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhenyou’retravellingtoanewplace,oftenoneofthemainthingsyou’relookingforisareallybrilliantmuseumorgallery.Herearesomemuseumsworthvisiting.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’anCanyouimaginehowunbelievableitmusthavefelttouncovertheterracottawarriorsforthefirsttime?No,ofcourseyoucan’t,butwe’reguessingitmusthavefeltprettygood.ThepeoplewhofounditwerefarmersinXi’anin1974.GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburgItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.That’squiteforsure.Butit’scertainlythatyoujusthangarounditsgalleriesforadayortwo.Highlightsincludeanover200-year-oldclockdecoratedwithmechanicalgoldenpeacocks,butmakesuretotakeplentyofpicturesofthebuilding’souterwalltoo(Itlooksbestonfreshwintermornings).Rijksmuseum,AmsterdamWithits40Rembrandts(Dutchpainter)andfourVermeers(Dutchpainter),theRijksmuseumisunmissableifyou’repartialtoasullen(沉悶的)seventeenth-centuryscene.Themuseuminfacthousesmorethanamillionworksofart,andbynomeansaretheselimitedtojustpaintings.Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.TateModern,LondonTheTatehasfourgalleriesintheUK:TateLiverpool,TateStIves,TateBritain,andTateModern.It’sthelatterthat’sreallyworld-class,though.HousedinaformerpowerstationonLondon’sBankside,thecavernous(像洞穴的)gallerieshouseavastlastingcollectionandamazingexhibitionsthatpullinthecrowds.1.Whatisspecialaboutthefirstmuseum?A.Itisthelargestofthefour.B.Itwasbuiltbasedonatomb.C.Itoffersanexplorationexperience.D.Itwasfoundbynon-professionals.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanbymentioning11yearsinparagraph3?A.Themuseumhasalonghistory.B.Themuseumcoversalargearea.C.Themuseumhasalargecollection.D.Themuseumhasquantitiesofvisitors.3.Whichofthefollowingprovidesspecialattractionsforkids?A.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum.B.StateHermitageMuseum.C.Rijksmuseum.D.TateModern.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.C【語篇解讀】本文的體裁是應(yīng)用文。這篇文章介紹了四個值得一游的博物館的情況?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’an部分中“GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.(8000名武士和他們的戰(zhàn)馬聚集在中國第一位皇帝的陵墓周圍，是一幅壯觀的景象。)”可知，第一座博物館是在一座墳?zāi)沟幕A(chǔ)上建造的。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg部分中“ItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.(據(jù)說，如果你看國家冬宮博物館的每件展品，每件一分鐘，需要11年的時間才能看完。)”可知，作者在提到11年是在說明該博物館收藏了大量的藏品。故選C。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章Rijksmuseum,Amsterdam部分中“Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.(如果你是帶著孩子來的，那就去尋找玩具屋的收藏品，用微縮的方式回顧一下荷蘭人的生活——就連晚餐用的小盤子都有。)”可知，Rijksmuseum對孩子們有特別的吸引力。故選C。BThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.PeoplevisitingtheWestEuropeancountrycannowwhizz(飛速行駛)acrossitintherelativeluxuryofoneofitstrainsforzerocost.Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.“I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprogram?A.Itisofbenefittotheenvironment.B.Peoplestillhavedoubtaboutit.C.ThetrainsinSpainarecompletelyfreenow.D.SpainistheonlycountryinEuropetocuttransportcosts.5.Whatisthemainpurposeofintroducingtheprogram?A.Tolowerfuelprices. B.Torelievethestressofairlinebusiness.C.TopromotetourismandbenefitpeopleofSpain. D.Toshowthegovernment’sconcernforthepublic.6.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheUKgovernment’spractice?A.Negative. B.Admiring. C.Inattentive. D.Praiseworthy.7.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thepopularityoftheclimateticket.B.Theeconomicbenefitsoftheprogram.C.Theprogram’sgreatbenefitstohealth.D.Thepracticesonpublictransportinsomecountries.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了西班牙推出的一項新政策，即年內(nèi)大部分火車乘坐將免費，旨在為民眾提供應(yīng)對生活成本危機的幫助，同時也有助于環(huán)保和減少通勤成本。文章還提及了德國和奧地利在公共交通票價上的類似減免措施，并指出英國政府尚未推出鼓勵使用火車的計劃。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.(根據(jù)一項新計劃，到今年年底，西班牙絕大多數(shù)火車都將免費)”和“Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.(乘火車比乘飛機旅行對環(huán)境更有好處，坐在火車上，看著鄉(xiāng)村的景色掠過，是了解一個國家的最佳方式)”可推知，這個計劃對環(huán)境是有好處的。故選A項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.

Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.(根據(jù)西班牙的新計劃，所有的中短途火車都是免費的——只要你買對了票——這為你提供了游覽加泰羅尼亞、安達(dá)盧西亞和巴斯克地區(qū)的絕佳機會。如果購買多次旅行的車票，游客可以利用折扣，這些折扣是為了幫助人們應(yīng)對生活成本危機而推出的)”可知，該計劃可以促進旅游業(yè)發(fā)展；根據(jù)段中““I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.(一位高級官員表示：“我希望西班牙人民知道，我完全了解大多數(shù)人每天面臨的困難。我知道工資越來越少，而且很難撐到月底。”該國交通運輸部表示，在燃油價格持續(xù)大幅上漲的情況下，這項措施將幫助人們安全上班)”可知，該計劃還可以讓西班牙普通民眾受益。由此推知，這一計劃的目的是促進旅游業(yè)發(fā)展，造福西班牙人民。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.

Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(盡管氣候危機的嚴(yán)重性以及汽油和柴油汽車造成的損害，但英國政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵使用火車的計劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個月，鼓勵更多的人開車)”可知，作者認(rèn)為英國政府未能像西班牙、德國和奧地利一樣降低公共交通價格，而且英國政府鼓勵更多的人開車也與應(yīng)對氣候危機背道而馳。由此推知，作者對英國政府的做法持否定態(tài)度。故選A項?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。最后一段“SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(西班牙加入了德國的行列，開始降低公共交通價格，德國推出了一張9歐元的車票，從6月到8月底可以坐一個月的車。奧地利已經(jīng)開始提供氣候票，人們只需花3歐元就能完成旅程。去年該彩票首次推出時，其受歡迎程度幾乎導(dǎo)致其網(wǎng)站崩潰。盡管氣候危機嚴(yán)重，汽油和柴油汽車造成的破壞也很嚴(yán)重，但英國政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵使用火車的計劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個月，鼓勵更多的人開車)”可知，本段主要介紹了其他國家在公共交通方面的做法，如德國降低了公共交通的價格，奧地利開始提供氣候票，而英國政府卻沒有宣布任何鼓勵使用火車的計劃。由此可知，最后一段主要介紹了一些國家在公共交通方面的做法。故選D項。CAfterageandgenetics(傳性),beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默病),expertssay,“TwooutofeverythreebrainsaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdiseasearewomen'sbrains,"saidDr.RichardIsaacson,directoroftheAlzheimer'sPreventionClinicintheCenterforBrainHealthatFloridaAtlanticUniversity’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions(干預(yù))-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer’sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.“OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovascular(心血管的)disease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.Thisstudyclearlystressestheneedforadditionallargerstudiestobeabletobetterpredictthebaselinecognitivetrailinagingfemalesversusmales,”saidRudolphTanzi,aprofessorofneurologyatHarvardMedicalSchool,“Asweaimtofindwaystoblockoutthisdiseaseintheearlystage,wewillneedtoknowifpreventionandtreatmentstrategieswillworkequallyonbothmenandwomen.Thisnewstudyclearlybringsusabigstepclosertothatgoal,”Tanziadded.Findingthatwomenwereabletoreducetheirriskevenmorethanmeniswelcomenews,asitprovidesapromisingareaforfuturestudyandgiveshopethatwomencantipthebattleagainstAlzheimer'sintheirfavor.“Bytreatingpeopleinanevidencebasedyetsafeway,usingvariouslifestylesandmedicalinterventions,we'veshownthatyoucanreallymakeanimpactonbrainhealth,”hesaid.8.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1?A.AgeandgeneticshavenoimpactonAlzheimer’s.B.Alzheimer’shasnothingtodowithsexdifference.C.WomenaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sthanmen.D.BeingawomandecreasesthechanceofdevelopingAlzheimer’s.9.WhatisIsaacson’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A.Indifferent. B.Opposed. C.Ignorant. D.Positive.10.WhatcanaffectbrainhealthaccordingtoTanzi?A.Lifestylechanges. B.Highereducation.C.livingenvironment D.Personalexperience.11.Whereisthetextlikelyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Amagazine. C.Abrochure. D.Atravelguide.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.A11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病并指出個性化的生活方式干預(yù)能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險因素?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年齡和基因之后，女性是患阿爾茨海默病的唯一最重要的風(fēng)險因素。)”可知，女性的性別因素對于患阿爾茨海默病的影響排在年齡和基因之后，由此可知，女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的““OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovasculardisease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.(該論文的合著者艾薩克森說：“與男性相比，我們量身定制的干預(yù)措施在阿爾茨海默氏癥和心血管疾病的風(fēng)險等級上取得了更大的改善?！?

”可知，艾薩克森對這項新研究的態(tài)度是積極的。故選D?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.

(生活方式的改變，比如增加鍛煉、改善睡眠和飲食、減輕壓力，都會影響大腦健康。)”可知，根據(jù)Tanzi的說法，改變生活方式會影響大腦健康。故選A。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年齡和基因之后，女性是患阿爾茨海默病的唯一最重要的風(fēng)險因素。)”和第二段的“University’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer'sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.(施密特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院?，F(xiàn)在，一項新的研究給女性帶來了好消息，個性化的生活方式干預(yù)——比如飲食、鍛煉、減輕壓力和睡眠衛(wèi)生——能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險因素，但對女性效果更好。)”可知，文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病并指出個性化的生活方式干預(yù)能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險因素，因此文章出自醫(yī)學(xué)類的雜志。故選B。DAnewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraits(特征)facethehighestriskofextinction.ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.Thestudyanalyzedtheextinctionriskandphysicaltraits,suchasbeakshapeandwinglength,of99%ofalllivingbirdspecies,makingitthemostgeneralstudyofitskindtodate.Theresearchersfoundthatinsimulatedscenarios(模擬場景)inwhichallthreatenedandnear-threatenedbirdspeciesbecameextinct,therewouldbeasignificantlygreaterreductioninthephysicaldiversityamongbirdsthaninscenarioswhereextinctionswererandom(隨機的).JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikelyprunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”Inthestudy,theauthorsusedadatasetofmeasurementscollectedfromlivingbirdsandmuseumspecimens,totalling9,943birdspecies.AlthoughthedatasetusedinthestudywasabletoshowthatthemostuniquebirdswerealsoclassifiedasthreatenedontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,itwasunabletoshowwhatlinksuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk.”12.Accordingtoresearchers,whatmaythelossofuniquebirdsleadto?A.Thereductionofcertainresearch.B.Thedamagetoecosystemfunction,C.Thedevelopmentofecologicaltourism.D.Thebetterlivingenvironmentofhumanrace.13.Whatmaytheunderlinedword“prune”meaninparagraph3?A.Cutout. B.Pickup. C.Getin. D.Addto.14.Whatdoresearchersneedtoexploreinthefuture?A.Human’simpactsonuniquebirds.B.Thepartsuniquetraitsplayinbirds’life.C.Linksofuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.D.Theapproachestopreventingbirds’extinction.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SomebirdswithspecialphysicaltraitsB.KeyrolesuniquebirdsplayinecosystemsC.MeasurestoprotectthreateneduniquebirdsD.Moreuniquebirdsathigherriskofextinction〖答案〗12.B13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨特特征的鳥類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險，其消失可能對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能造成嚴(yán)重影響，保護這些瀕危物種至關(guān)重要，以維持生態(tài)平衡。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(失去這些物種及其在環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的獨特作用，如種子傳播、授粉和捕食，可能會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，根據(jù)研究人員的說法，獨特鳥類的消失可能會導(dǎo)致對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的破壞。故選B?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikely

prunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”(普林斯頓大學(xué)的博士候選人JaromeAli在倫敦帝國理工學(xué)院完成了這項研究，他說：“我們的研究表明，滅絕很可能會從鳥類家譜中……很大比例的獨特物種。失去這些獨特的物種將意味著失去它們在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的特殊作用。如果我們不采取行動保護瀕危物種，防止物種滅絕，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能將陷入混亂?！?

”可知，劃線詞與“Losingtheseuniquespecies”同義，則意為“

切掉，刪掉，刪除”，“cutout”可以解釋劃線詞，即滅絕很可能會從鳥類家譜中去除很大比例的獨特物種。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk,”(JaromeAli說：“一種可能性是高度特化的生物適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境的能力較差，在這種情況下，人類的影響可能直接威脅到具有最不尋常生態(tài)作用的物種。需要更多的研究來深入研究獨特特征和滅絕風(fēng)險之間的聯(lián)系?！?”可知，未來研究人員需要探索鳥類的獨特性與滅絕風(fēng)險的聯(lián)系。故選C。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Anewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraitsfacethehighestriskofextinction,ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，具有極端或罕見特征組合的鳥類面臨著最高的滅絕風(fēng)險。由倫敦帝國理工學(xué)院的研究人員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，地球上最獨特的鳥類也是最受威脅的。失去這些物種及其在環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的獨特作用，如種子傳播、授粉和捕食，可能會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨特特征的鳥類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險，其消失可能對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能造成嚴(yán)重影響，保護這些瀕危物種至關(guān)重要，以維持生態(tài)平衡，因此D項(更多獨特的鳥類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險)適合作為標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WonderingwhatyoucandotocelebrateEarthDayonApril22?We’vemadealistoffunandenvironmentally-consciousEarthDayactivitiestohelpraiseawarenessandmakeadifference.Walkorrideyourbike.___16___Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.___17___Sousereusablegrocerybagswhenyougotothesupermarketorwhenyou’rebuyingitemsatanystore.___18___Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!___19___Anymoneyraisedcangotowardsalocalenvironmentalrestorationprojectorgroup.Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.___20___A.Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.B.Joinavolunteeractivitytohelpacommunity.C.Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.D.Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.E.SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.F.Landfillsarealreadyoverflowing,sotrytoavoidaddingtothatsituation.G.It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.G20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章為想慶祝地球日的讀者介紹了一些可以參與的活動?！?6題詳析】由下文“Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.(每天可以發(fā)揮作用，但如果你能致力于在未來更經(jīng)常地步行或騎自行車，那就更好了！如果你每天上下班的路程太遠(yuǎn)，不適合步行或騎自行車，試試環(huán)保的公共交通工具，比如公共汽車、火車或班車)”可知，此段落的主題是不使用汽車，鼓勵步行或騎自行車出行，以減少對環(huán)境的影響，故C選項“Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.(一天不使用汽車可以減少對環(huán)境的危害)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選C?！?7題詳析】由上文“Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.(攜帶可重復(fù)使用的塑料袋或布袋。大多數(shù)塑料袋使用大約10-20分鐘，最終被扔進垃圾填埋場數(shù)百年)”可知，本段強調(diào)使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子的重要性，本空要介紹與“使用的塑料袋”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項“Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.(每年人類使用4萬億個塑料袋，這是一個大問題。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳析】由下文“Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.(你可以作為個人或加入一個社區(qū)團體。許多當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)保組織組織了更大的活動，你可以加入一個團隊，清理道路、高速公路和附近街道上的垃圾，所以看看你當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)是否會舉辦任何活動?；c時間撿起你在地球日外出時看到的垃圾，這很有幫助，也很容易做到)”可知，本空要說跟“撿拾垃圾”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項“Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.(在你的社區(qū)里撿垃圾。)”能引起下文，適合作為段落主題句，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳析】由上文“AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!

(參加當(dāng)?shù)氐牡厍蛉栈顒??？纯茨愕纳鐓^(qū)是否正在舉辦環(huán)境博覽會。如果你的社區(qū)沒有這樣的計劃，考慮自己創(chuàng)建一個！)”可知，本空要談?wù)撨@一天的特殊意義，故G選項“It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.(這是一個完美的一天，可以聚在一起慶祝地球的有趣和教育。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?0題詳析】由上文“Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.

(不用燈的時候把燈關(guān)掉。當(dāng)你離開房間或你的房子時，關(guān)掉燈和頂燈。電力通常來自導(dǎo)致氣候變化的化石燃料)”可知，本空要總結(jié)節(jié)約用電的好處，故E選項“SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.(因此，盡可能少地使用電力是幫助地球的好方法。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep___21___,spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient___22___.Spear’sinterestinChinabeganduringcollegewhenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese___23___.Hisinterest___24___whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater.Hesaysthatitwas___25___thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto___26___LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.Asanarchitect,Spearusedhisexpertisetorenewhisdreamhouse,whichcamewith___27___viewsoftheGreatWall.Moreover,thearchitectexploredwaysofsupportingruralresidents.In___28___ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWallFriendshipAwardbytheBeijinggovernmentin2014.“TheGreatWall___29___meinmanywaystothisveryday,”hesayswhenaskedifhisarchitecturalwork___30___inspirationfromtheimpressivestructure.However,hestressesthat___31___aGreatWallstyledoesn’tmeanbuildingdefence,butratherthathisapproachconcernsdesignsthatecho(與……有共同特征)thewall,butdon’t___32___it.SpearseesplentyofpossibilitiesinChina,drivenbysignificantinternaldemandandagrowingfocuson___33___historicalstructures.HisloveforChinais___34___alive.“___35___ofmyheartisintheUSandalwayswillbe.ButtherestisinChinaandIlovelivinghere.IlikeChina,”hesays.21.A.wiser B.further C.faster D.higher22.A.wonder B.area C.image D.figure23.A.explorer B.reminder C.guide D.specialist24.A.deepened B.fastened C.applied D.addicted25.A.ignorance B.duty C.fortune D.goal26.A.goafter B.comeacross C.arguewith D.callout27.A.political B.challenging C.various D.odd28.A.effort B.recognition C.advantage D.change29.A.signals B.signs C.inspires D.proves30.A.warns B.responds C.approaches D.draws31.A.instructing B.influencing C.following D.promoting32.A.copy B.compare C.replace D.record33.A.preserving B.spotting C.containing D.selecting34.A.normally B.extremely C.regularly D.naturally35.A.Joy B.Shape C.Pain D.Part〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.B29.C30.D31.C32.A33.A34.B35.D【語篇解讀】本文的體裁是記敘文。本文講述了JimSpear對中國、特別是長城的熱愛和他在中國的生活經(jīng)歷，包括他如何與妻子相遇、如何在中國定居、他的建筑設(shè)計工作以及他對中國的深厚感情?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，沿著長城行走是一生一次的夢想，但JimSpear更進一步，在過去的18年里，他住在這個古老奇跡下面的一個村莊里。A.wiser更明智；B.further更遠(yuǎn)；C.faster更快；D.higher更高。根據(jù)上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep”和下文的“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，沿著長城行走是一生一次的夢想，JimSpear不止是沿著長城行走，而是更進一步，在過去的18年里，他住在這個古老奇跡下面的一個村莊里。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，沿著長城行走是一生一次的夢想，但JimSpear更進一步，在過去的18年里，他住在這個古老奇跡下面的一個村莊里。A.wonder奇跡，好奇；B.area區(qū)域；C.image圖像；D.figure人物。根據(jù)上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany”和“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，JimSpear住在長城下面的一個村莊里，即長城下面這個古老奇跡下面的一個村莊里。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Spear對中國的興趣始于大學(xué)期間，當(dāng)時他參加了一位中國專家教授的課程。A.explorer探險家；B.reminder提醒者；C.guide導(dǎo)游，指導(dǎo)者；D.specialist專家。根據(jù)上文的“whenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese”可知，大學(xué)期間他參加了一個課程，所以可推知是一位中國專家教授的課程。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：1980年，當(dāng)他遇到他的未婚妻唐時，他的興趣加深了，并在兩年后結(jié)婚。A.deepened加深；B.fastened固定；C.applied應(yīng)用；D.addicted上癮。根據(jù)下文的“whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater”和“Hesaysthatitwas______thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.”可知，他的興趣比在大學(xué)時加深了，導(dǎo)致最后定居在長城腳下。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說是運氣讓他在長城下定居下來的。A.ignorance無知；B.duty責(zé)任；C.fortune幸運；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)下文的“Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto______LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，他和妻子偶然遇到了李豐泉，李豐泉試圖賣給他一件T恤，后來他們在慕田峪找到了未來的家。所以他覺得是運氣讓他在長城下定居下來的。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：上世紀(jì)90年代，他和妻子偶然遇到了李豐泉，李豐泉試圖賣給他一件T恤，后來他們在慕田峪找到了未來的家。A.goafter追求；B.comeacross偶遇；C.arguewith與……爭論；D.callout大聲叫喊。根據(jù)下文的“LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，李豐泉試圖賣給他一件T恤，可推知他們以前不認(rèn)識，所以他們是偶然遇到。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名建筑師，