高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高效備考新模式第二部分狠抓基礎(chǔ)語法5.名詞課件新人教版

名詞名詞概念：表示人、事物、地點和抽象概念名稱的詞：Mary,knife,America,advice知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)nut,port,theme,chapter,disaster,track,factor不可數(shù)名

詞可數(shù)名詞group,team,class,family,audience,crowd,majority人名、地名、組織名、國家名等：Kate,London,China,theGreatWall普通名詞名詞分類專有名詞個體名詞集體名詞

cattle,people,(the)policeoxygen,air,honey,butterpride,justice,pressure,confidence抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞：無復(fù)數(shù)；前面不可直接加a,an或數(shù)詞；表數(shù)量用apieceof之類的結(jié)構(gòu)可數(shù)名詞:

單→復(fù)f(e)→ves：thief,wife,housewife,shelf,knife,leaf,wolf,loaf,self,half,life直接加s:roof,proof,belief,chief,safe,chef,giraffef→ves或直接加s:handkerchief,scarff(e)結(jié)尾以o結(jié)尾加s:kangaroo,bamboo,zoo,photo,piano,studio加es:hero,potato,tomato可數(shù)名詞:

單→復(fù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞:

單→復(fù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)其他：phenomenon→phenomena,ox→oxen,mouse→mice,child→children單復(fù)同行：series,means,species,sheep,deer,fish,Chineseoo→ee：tooth,foot,gooseman→men:

spokesman,spokeswomanium/ion→ia:bacterium,medium,criterion名詞所有格有生命的人或動物：Jim’scat,theteachers’office,TomandKate’steacher時間、距離、國家、城市、金額、重量等：today’snews,England’sshore無生命的東西：thecoverofthebook,thetitleofthenovelof’s雙重所有格aplayofShakespeare’s,afriendofmywife’s只接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：both,several,few,many,various,dozensof,anumberof,eachof,oneof只接不可數(shù)名詞：much,little(少),abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞：some,any,plentyof,lotsof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof,massesof名詞修飾語作主語（謂語動詞前）：His_____________(achieve)earnedhimrespect.作賓語動詞后：Hegavea____________(describe)ofwhathehadseen.介詞后：Weneedfoodandwaterfor________(survive).descriptionsurvivalachievements名詞句法作用

scientistI’ma_________(science)whostudiesanimals.

做表語(系動詞后)注意：在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、不定代詞等后要用名詞語法填空

在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2021全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand_____________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.watchtowers真題回顧因被different修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且前文的gates也有提示。Activities由謂語動詞range可知主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。humans由are可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。requirement由空前的不定冠詞a可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填requirement；professions由空前的most可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填professions。5.(2018全國Ⅰ卷)

Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalso

madeastudy…

thatshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_________(cause).causes由前面的all可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6.(2017全國Ⅰ卷)Thistrend,…,hashadsomeunintendedside________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease…effects由前面的修飾語some可知，effect應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)effects；另外，從suchas所舉的例子

overweightandheartdisease(肥胖和心臟疾病)也可看出，不止一種副作用(sideeffects)。7.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible_________(crowd)ontheroads…8.(2017全國Ⅲ卷)Shehasturneddownseveral__________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.invitationscrowds由前面的several可知，要填其復(fù)數(shù)形式invitations。因crowd意為“人群”，是可數(shù)名詞，由ontheroads可知，此處表示不同道路上的不同人群，故填其復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds。9.(2016全國Ⅰ卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______(day)withhissister…10.(2021全國乙卷)Itallows…andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe____________(develop)ofthelocalareas.developmentdays在冠詞the與介詞of之間應(yīng)填名詞，表示“發(fā)展”。由空格前的修飾語few，可知填day的復(fù)數(shù)形式days。11.(2018全國Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreased_________(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.12.(2016全國Ⅲ卷)Confuciusinfluencedthe__________(develop)ofchopsticks.pollution作動詞decreased的賓語，用名詞，故填pollution。development作influenced的賓語用名詞，或者說在the后用名詞。13.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)

Filledwith___________(curious),

theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.14.(2020全國Ⅰ卷)

Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular___________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.curiosity作介詞with的賓語，用名詞，故填curiosity。interest根據(jù)空前形容詞particular可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，且此處應(yīng)為“be+of+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“be+adj.”，故填interest。15.(2017全國Ⅱ卷)

Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_____________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.introduction作介詞(with)

的賓語或者在冠詞the后要用名詞，表示“采用，引入”，故填introduction。representative該空在句中作主語，且前面有不定冠詞修飾，

用名詞，再根據(jù)語境可知，回信的主體應(yīng)是“人(代表)”，故填representative。17.(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)

Historical___________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.18.(2020全國Ⅱ卷)

ChineseNewYearisa___________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.celebrationaccuracy由空前的不定冠詞a可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填celebration。根據(jù)空前形容詞Historical可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填accuracy。19.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)

MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma_________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.20.(2016全國Ⅰ卷)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop___________(attract).scientist根據(jù)句意及空格前的a可知，此處填名詞，表示“科學(xué)家”，故填scientist。attraction在“形容詞性物主代詞(its)+形容詞(top)”后應(yīng)填名詞，attraction指“吸引人的事物”?？键c：名詞的用法在語法填空中年年必考。

考過的考點有：1.可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量大于1時是要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的。如上述語法填空第1~9題，將括號中所給可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式改為復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的修飾語有：different,

many,

several,

few,some,all,both等。2.名詞的句法作用：(4)作表語，如上述第18~20題。(1)作動詞的賓語，如上述第10~12題；(2)作介詞的賓語，如上述第13~15題；(3)作主語，如上述第16~17題；語法填空

在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Ourfindingssuggestthatall___________(individual)regardlessof

personalitytraitscouldbenefitfrombeingrealonsocialmedia.individuals模擬操練前有all修飾，其后的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)修飾語判斷名詞單復(fù)數(shù)2.DavidCrystal,oneoftheworld’sleadinglanguage________(expert),arguesthattheusageoffullstopsisbeingrevisedinareallyfundamentalway.3.ThefestivalisviewedastheendtoaseriesofNewYear______________(celebration)andiscelebratedwiththereleaseoffloatingandflyinglanterns.experts由oneof可知，要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。celebrations前有aseriesof(一系列)修飾，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.In2016,WangwidelysharedtheWildforLifeCampaign,reaching50million_________(viewer).5.Alipayachievedthisremarkablesuccessbymotivatingitsuserstochoosefromvariouslow-carbon_________(option)intheirdailylives…viewers因有50million修飾，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。options前有various修飾，要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。breakthroughs因受plentyof修飾，故填復(fù)數(shù)形式。years前有thousandsof修飾，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.Alargepercentageofthepopulation:merchants,students,

artists,

anddiplomats,

camefromother___________(country),

andthecityservedasthemodelforthedesignoftheancientcapitalsofKoreaandJapan.countries因other前無限定詞，其后的可數(shù)名詞必用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.Recentstudiesshowphysicalactivitycanimprovebrainfunctionaswellascalmthemindandbody,atatimewhenanxietyamong___________(teenager)isatrecordlevels.10.However,

aftersome_____________(adjust)offragrantspices,thisonepotmealbecameapopulardishinSichuanregion.adjustmentsteenagers作介詞after的賓語應(yīng)用名詞adjustment，前有some修飾，故應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。由among可知，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。11.Acashierwhohasachangingseaof__________(customer)everydaywillonlyremembernamesforashortamountoftime.customers因aseaof(許多；大量)后的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以customer要用復(fù)數(shù)。12.However,safety__________(problem)arise.13.Cuju_________(match)wereoftenheldinsidetheimperialpalace.problems由謂語動詞arise可知，主語是復(fù)數(shù)。matches謂語wereheld是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知，主語也是復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)主謂一致判斷14.Second,thereexistidiomatic_________(method)ofsayingsomethingspecificinChinesebutitisextremelyhardforustoputitintoEnglishproperly.15.________(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.methods因thereexist是therebe的變體，而exist是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，可知method(方法)也用復(fù)數(shù)。Studies由謂語haveshown可知主語是復(fù)數(shù)。16.Later,_______(letter)appeared.However,itwouldtakethemdaysorevenweekstoreachtheirdestinations.17.Themostwidelyobservedactivitiesreflectedafocusonhandwriting,

suchasteachers

remindingchildrentowritetheir_______(name)onartwork,describingtheprocedureforcreatingaletter,signinginandtracing(描摹)something.letters由下文的them可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。names由children及their可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)上下文判斷festivalscolours由空前“四季的開始”可知，有四個節(jié)日，故festival要用復(fù)數(shù)festivals。由空后“樹木從深綠色變成深紅色”可知，colour要用復(fù)數(shù)。20.Theyaregoodrunnersandcanrunforseveralhoursincoldweatherconditions,sotheycansometimesescapefrom__________(wolf),

theirmainpredators(捕食者),easily.wolves空后theirmainpredators(捕食者)是補(bǔ)充說明wolf的同位語，由predators可知，wolf要用復(fù)數(shù)。21.Heused________(shade)ofwhite,grey,andbrownfortheboat,makingitlookalmostlikeaghostship.shades因作used的賓語，用名詞，而shade(顏色；色度)本身就是名詞且為可數(shù)名詞，可考慮用復(fù)數(shù)形式，由空后的

ofwhite,grey,andbrown可以肯定，不止一種，必用復(fù)數(shù)。22.TomanyChinese,playingtraditionalChinesemusical____________(instrument),

suchastheguzhengorerhu,mayseemabitold-fashioned.instruments由空后suchas所舉的例子或常識可知，中國傳統(tǒng)樂器不止一種，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。children由常識可知，會把長襪掛在壁爐上讓圣誕老人把禮物放進(jìn)去的孩子不止一個，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處，由謂語動詞hang也可得出答案。根據(jù)常識判斷24.Thesoundoftheocean,thesmellofaforestandthewaysunlightdancesthrough________(leaf)helpustorelaxandthinkmoreclearly.25.Inthecenturiesthatfollowed,___________(European)startedmovingtoNorthAmerica.leaves由常識可知，陽光穿過樹葉，樹葉肯定不只一片，故用復(fù)數(shù)。Europeans由常識可知，開始移居到北美的歐洲人，肯定不止一個，故填Europeans。participants可數(shù)名詞participant前無冠詞和人稱代詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指。根據(jù)可數(shù)名詞用法判斷challenges因可數(shù)名詞challenge前面沒有冠詞，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指各種挑戰(zhàn)。29.Afterwards,thegroupwilltaketraining________(class)withprofessionalfootballcoachesfromSpain.30.Andoneofhissongs,

LettheWorldBeFilledwithLove,hasenjoyedgreatpopularityalloverthecountryfor_________(decade).classes由后文的coaches(教練不止一個)和常識可知，培訓(xùn)課不止一節(jié)；可數(shù)名詞class前沒有冠詞或別的限定詞，class要用復(fù)數(shù)，表示泛指。decades因fordecades(幾十年來)是固定詞組，類似的還有foryears(多年來)。其實，也可以根據(jù)可數(shù)名詞前沒有限定詞要用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指的規(guī)則進(jìn)行判斷。31.Whenchoosingacareer,youshouldthinkaboutwhatmotivatesyouandmakesome___________(decision)accordingly.32.Thestudentsmovedthemortaronto________(piece)ofwoodandthenaddedbricksandblockstoformwalls.decisions由固定詞組makeadecision(做決定)可知，makesome后的decision應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。pieces因piece是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有a，應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)；piecesof表示“一塊塊”。33.TheyoungChineseartist’sfreshdesignenjoyedgreat__________(popular)intheoldItalianstore.popularity作動詞

enjoyed

的賓語，用名詞，enjoyedgreatpopularity表示“廣受歡迎”。名詞的用法survival在形容詞longterm(長期的)后應(yīng)用名詞，survival表示“生活，存活”時是不可數(shù)名詞。35.Asthenamesuggests,SichuanHotPotwasborninSichuanProvince,whichisknownforits___________(prefer)forspicyfood.36.Shapedlikehumanheads,

thesestructures,

whichwerecarvedbyancientpeople,

rangein_______(high)fromabout3-5to12meters.preference在形容詞性物主代詞its后應(yīng)用名詞。height作介詞in的賓語用名詞，表示“高度”。society前有名詞所有格today’s修飾，故用名詞。protection作介詞of的賓語用名詞，或者說在形容詞environmental后用名詞。39.

Wecanenableourselvestoridethewindsofthestormthatbringsickness,tragedy,_______(fail)anddisappointmentinourlives.40.WithmoreandmoretouristsvisitingShenhoueveryday,Fanhasthe____________(confident)thatJunporcelainwillgaingreaterpopularityinthefuture.failure由空格前后的sickness,tragedy,anddisappointment可知，用名詞形式。confidence由前面的定冠詞可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞。41.ThereisstillaneedforpetfostersacrosstheUS,soifyouareinterested,youshouldcontactananimalshelterorrescuenearyouwithout___________(hesitate).42.Itstressesthe______________(express)ofemotionswhilebeingamentalexercisetoanartistwhocoordinates(協(xié)調(diào))thebodyandthemindtoselectthebeststylingforthepresentationofthepassagecontent.hesitation在介詞后應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，withouthesitation表示“毫不猶豫”。expression在冠詞the和介詞of之間，應(yīng)填名詞，表示“情緒的表達(dá)”。43.________(art)fromsouthwesternChina’sChongqingpresentedtheWellingtonaudiencewithSichuanOperaP