Unit1Grammarandusage課件-高中英語牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit1NatureinthebalanceGrammarandusagelead-in-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.myhandbag.Ellipsis省略Introductionofellipsis1.Whatisellipsis?2.Whencanweuseellipsis?3.What'sthefunctionofellipsis?Introductionofellipsis1.Leaveout省略

awordorwordsfromasentencedeliberately故意地.2.Wecanuseellipsiswhenthemeaningcanstillbeunderstoodwithoutusingawordorcertainwords.3.Itmakessentencesconcise簡(jiǎn)明的.Step3ExploringtherulesWritedownthewordsthathavebeenleftoutintheconversationonpage6.1.No,Ididn’t(watchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterday).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto().3.Ifeltworriedwhen(

)watchingthedocumentary.4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers(

)achangeoflifestyle.5.(

)Gotanyideas?6.(

)Soundsgreat!IwaswatchitcallforHaveyouIt/That1.No,Ididn’t(watchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterday).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto(watchit).3.Ifeltworriedwhen(Iwas)watchingthedocumentary.InshortresponsesIninfinitivesAftersomeconjunctionslikeif,whenandwhile4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers(callfor)achangeoflifestyle.5.(Haveyou)Gotanyideas?6.(It/That)Soundsgreat!InclauseswiththesamepatternandthesameverbAtthebeginningofasentenceininformalspeechAtthebeginningofasentenceininformalspeechconclusionrepeatinginformal不定式連詞非正式的Gothrough“Grammarnotes”onpage98.TheuseofellipsisinEnglish省略的用法*什么是“省略”？省略(ellipsis)是指省去可以根據(jù)上下文語境或情景語境恢復(fù)的句子成分,是一種避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的語法手段。英語中存在多種多樣的省略現(xiàn)象，句子中既可以省略主語、謂語、謂語的一部分或賓語，也可以一起省略主語和謂語。*省略的意義：可使語言更加簡(jiǎn)潔，意思更加明確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。一、簡(jiǎn)單句的省略1、省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略，其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。Thank

you

for

your

help.

See

you

tomorrow.

Doesn’t

matter.(I)

(I)

(It)2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分No

smoking.

Have

a

smoke?

Whatabout

a

cupof

tea?

Why

not

say

hello

to

him?(There

is)

(Will

you)(do

you

think)

(do

you)3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to,但如果該賓語是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have：(1)-Are

you

going

there?

-Yes,

I’dlike

to(go

there).

(2)

He

didn’t

give

me

the

chance,

though

hehadpromised

to

(give

me

the

chance).

(3)

-Are

you

an

engineer?

-No,

but

I

want

to

be(an

engineer).

(4)

-He

hasn’t

finished

the

taskyet.

-Well,

he

ought

to

have(finished

the

task).4、省略表語

(1)-Are

you

thirsty?

-

Yes,

I

am

(thirsty).

(2)

His

brother

isn’tlazy,

nor

is

his

sister(lazy).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分

(1)

Let’s

meet

at

the

same

place

as

(we

met)yesterday.

(2)

--Have

you

finished

your

work?

--(I

have)

Not

(finished

my

work)

yet.二、并列句中的省略Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.Somecalledfortheapplicationofthemoderntechnology,andothers(calledfor)achangeoflifestyle.省略主語省略謂語JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.省略部分謂語Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.省略謂語及狀語1.狀語從句的省略Ifeltworriedwhen(Iam)watchingthedocumentary.若從句的主語與主句的主語相同或者從句的主語是it，且謂語是be時(shí)，常同時(shí)省略從句的主語和be。If(itis)impossible,Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.三、復(fù)合句中的省略2.定語從句的省略A.在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞

whom，which，that可省略。Thefilmstar(whom/who/that)IlikemostisBruceLee.B.定語從句中的“主語(關(guān)系代詞)+be”有時(shí)可以省略。What'sthelanguage(that/whichis)

spokeninthatcountry?3.賓語從句的省略在say,know,think,believe,suppose,consider,find,decide等動(dòng)詞后面所接的一個(gè)賓語從句中，連詞that可以省略；若后接多個(gè)賓語從句，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可省略，其余的連詞that不能省略。Thereisnoreasontosuppose(that)

she'slying.1.保留不定式符號(hào)to的情況四、不定式的省略2.不定式符號(hào)可省略的情況A.主語部分或修飾主語的定語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，作表語的不定式可省略to，也可保留to。I'msorryIhurtyourfeelings.Ididn'tmeanto.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto.AtlasttheydidasItoldthemto.

ThemostimportantthingIshoulddois(to)giveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.B.不定式做介詞but，except等的賓語，且前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的各種形式時(shí)，須省略不定式符號(hào)to。TheydidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.

Idon'twantto

do

anythingexcept

helpyou.C.在see,lookat,hear,listento,watch,notice,observe,feel,have,make,let等詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，須省略不定式符號(hào)to。YesterdayIlistenedtoMaryspeakmovinglyaboutherlovestoryonceagain.1.一些常和動(dòng)名詞、形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的動(dòng)名詞，常見的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.五、介詞的省略2.表示行為方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等詞組中，可省略介詞。Hedidit(in)thisway.情況例句表示比較的從句She

looks

older

than

my

mother

(does).The

weather

isn’t

as

good

as

(it

was)

yesterday.對(duì)話(I’m)

Sorry

I

couldn’t

come.(Pass

me)

The

salt,

please.A:

Are

you

coming?

B:

Yes

(I’m

coming).告示、標(biāo)牌、報(bào)紙標(biāo)題(There

will

be)

Roadworks

ahead!(A)

Millionaire

(was)

poisoned

(in

his

home)

in

Beverly

Hills.習(xí)慣用語We

need

to

solve

the

problem

as

soon

as

(it

is)

possible.Why

not

(=Why

don’t

you)

clean

the

room

after

breakfast?六、其他情況的省略使用so,not等時(shí)的省略在英語中，可以用so,not或其他方式來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子?！狢anyoufinishyourworktoday?—Ithinkso.—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.其他省略形式注意：hope,guess,beafraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式?！猅heboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?—Iguessnot.Findthemistakesandrewritethesentencesusingellipsis.1.Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldlike.__________________________________________________________________Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldliketo.Reason:Wecannotleaveouttoininfinitiveswhenusingellipsis.2.Cowsliveonland,andfishthewater.__________________________________Cowsliveonland,andfishinthewater.Reason:Differentprepositionsareusedandtheycan’t

beleftout.Applyingtherules3.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthanwas50yearsago._________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisinclauseswiththesamepattern,thesubjectandtheverbshouldbeleft

outaltogether.4.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’tdo.____________________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisincompoundsentences,thepartbehindtheauxiliaryverbshouldbeleftoutaltogether.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’t.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthan50yearsago.5.Whentakingphotosofwildlife,everyeffortshouldbemadetoensurethatwekeepawayfromtheanimals._________________________________________________________________________________________________.Whentakingph