Unit 4NaturalDisasters ReadingandThinking(分層作業(yè))高一英語

Unit4ReadingandThinking習(xí)題檢測(cè)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)一、根據(jù)所給漢語提示填空1．Itisthe(智慧)oftheChinesepeoplethatmakesChinamoreandmorepowerful.【答案】wisdom2．Whilereading,you’dbetterguessthemeaningofanewwordfromthe(語境).【答案】context3．Theflowerswill(復(fù)活)inwater.【答案】revive4．Wemovedintoasmallroomwith(電)butnorunningwater.【答案】electricity5．Twopassengersarestill(困住)inthewreck.【答案】trapped6．Whenpassingbyanoldflat,hewashurtbyafalling(磚)．【答案】brick7．Afterthebigfire,thehouselayin(廢墟)【答案】ruins8．Intimesofdisaster,peoplemust.(團(tuán)結(jié))【答案】unify9．Hehithisheadagainsta(金屬)bar.【答案】metal10．Thepany’smarketshareis48(百分比)inthemarketplace.【答案】percent二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup.【答案】with12．Shortlyaftersufferingamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.【答案】from13．Theliftbrokedownandwe(trap)inside.【答案】weretrapped14．Yesterdayaheavyrain(ruin)ourpicnic.【答案】ruined15．WhatIknowisthatalmost1,000peoplelosttheirlivesinthefloodslastyear.It’sreally(shock).【答案】shocking16．Wehadgreatdifficultyin(breathe),fortheairwasthinatthetopofthehill.【答案】breathing17．Itwastheoldman’s(wise)thathelpedsolvetheproblem.【答案】wisdom18．Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefish(trap)intheice.【答案】trapped19．(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.【答案】Burying20．Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly,asiftheevents(happen)onlyyesterday.【答案】hadhappened【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：童年的記憶清晰地浮現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，就好像這些事情就發(fā)生在昨天。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查asif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，這句話描述的是過去的事情，用對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)haddone。故填hadhappened。21．Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreater(effort)．【答案】efforts22．(bury)undertheruins,theyoungmanwasrather(frighten).【答案】Buriedfrightened23．Beforediscovering(electric),peoplereliedonfireasasourceoflight.【答案】electricity24．Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredinthetsunami(reach)morethan4,000sofar.【答案】hasreached25．The(smell)waterisn’tusableuntilthechemicalsandwastesareremovedfromit.【答案】smelly三、完成句子26．Whatshedidopenedthedoorforthechildreninthesmallvillage.她的所作所為，為這個(gè)小鄉(xiāng)村里的孩子們打開了智慧的大門?！敬鸢浮縯owisdom【詳解】考查固定短語。根據(jù)句意，表示“……的大門”應(yīng)為thedoortosth.，表示“智慧”應(yīng)為wisdom作介詞to的賓語。故填towisdom。27．如果有機(jī)會(huì)的話，我會(huì)竭盡全力把它做好。Ifthereisachance,I’lldoitwell.【答案】sparenoeffortto【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語?！敖弑M全力做某事”用短語sparenoefforttodosth28．船員們安全獲救了。Thecrewsafeandsound.【答案】was/wererescued【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致?！熬仍钡挠⑽臑閞escue，crew意為“船員，全體船員”，既可以指單數(shù)，也可以指復(fù)數(shù)，描述過去事件用一般過去時(shí)，主語與動(dòng)詞rescue之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was/wererescued。29．Thewar,soeveryonebecamemorepositiveaboutlife.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)快要結(jié)束了，所以每個(gè)人都變得對(duì)生活更樂觀了。【答案】wasingtoanend【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。表示“結(jié)束”短語為etoanend，且e可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的情況，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wasingtoanend。30．瑪麗埋頭于她的畢業(yè)論文，沒有時(shí)間做兼職工作。(一句多譯)①inhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.②herselfinhergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.③Becauseshehergraduationpaper，Maryhasnotimetodoaparttimejob.【答案】BuriedBuryingwasburiedin【詳解】考查非謂語和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)漢語意思可知設(shè)空處為埋頭于，應(yīng)用固定短語beburiedin或者buryoneselfin，空1應(yīng)用短語beburiedin，本句已有謂語，因此應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，應(yīng)填Buried；空2應(yīng)用短語buryoneselfin，和主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，應(yīng)填Burying；空3應(yīng)用短語beburiedin，作謂語，根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，主語she，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)，應(yīng)填wasburiedin，故填Buried；Burying；wasburiedin。31．?dāng)?shù)以千計(jì)的孩子失去了父母。(句型公式：leavesb＋賓語補(bǔ)足語)教材原句：Thousandsofchildrenwere.【答案】leftwithoutparents【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)和時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)提示可知本句應(yīng)用固定結(jié)構(gòu)leavesb＋賓語補(bǔ)足語，本句中的sb是Thousandsofchildren，在本句中作主語，所以謂語應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用left和were構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，失去了父母，應(yīng)用介詞短語withoutparents在本句中作主語補(bǔ)足語，故填leftwithoutparents。32．雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進(jìn)食;狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。(句型公式：too＋形容詞＋to...太……而不能……)教材原句：Chickensandevenpigswere,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.【答案】toonervoustoeat【詳解】考查固定句型?！皌oo＋形容詞＋to...太……而不能……”為固定句型，“緊張的”的英文為nervous，“太焦躁不安而不吃”的英文表達(dá)為toonervoustoeat，故填toonervoustoeat。33．如果你把每一天都當(dāng)作生命的最后一天來過，總有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是對(duì)的。Ifyouliveeachdayitwereyourlastday,somedayyou’llfindyouareright.【答案】asif【詳解】考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知，“把每一天都當(dāng)作生命的最后一天來過”即“就像是最后一天一樣度過每一天”，asif表示“似乎，好像”引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，符合句意。故填asif。34．假如能夠知道我們會(huì)做什么，那么沒有一只黑熊會(huì)愿意落入圈套。Nobear,ifitknewwhatwedo,would.【答案】fallintothattrap【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。本句為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，主句部分應(yīng)用would+動(dòng)詞原形在主句中作謂語，表示“落入”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語fallinto；表示“圈套”應(yīng)用名詞thattrap，在主句中作賓語。故填fallintothattrap。35．男孩低著頭站在那兒，好像被老師批評(píng)了。Theboystoodtherewithhisheadbent.【答案】asifcriticizedbytheteacher【詳解】考查狀語從句和時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)漢語可知，空處表示“好像被老師批評(píng)了”，可以用asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，從句中主語是theboy，“被老師批評(píng)了”是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且時(shí)態(tài)和主句一致，為一般過去時(shí)，可表達(dá)為wascriticizedbytheteacher。從句的主語和主句的主語一致，謂語含be動(dòng)詞，兩者可省略。故填asifcriticizedbytheteacher。能力提升四、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全句子takechargeof，inruins，makeup，attendto，eout，belikelyto,makeanannouncement，becrowdedwith36．Theexpertswarnedthatthesesymptomscontinuewellintothefuture.37．Asweallknow,HongKong,MacaoandninecitiesofGuangdongtheGuangdong—HongKongMacaoGreaterBayArea.38．Therestaurantcustomersatmealtimes.39．IamafraidIcan'tjoinyouinthegame,forIhavesomethingimportantto.40．Tobehonest,myfirstnovelwhenIwasstillatcollege.41．OnJuly28,1976,anearthquakestruckTangshan.Withinminutes,thecitystood,withalotofbuildingsleftdamaged.42．Thepilotthattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforelanding.43．Mr.Hallonceworkedasaneditorandthebusinesspartofthepaper.【答案】36．werelikelyto37．makeup38．iscrowdedwith39．a(chǎn)ttendto40．cameout41．inruins42．madeanannouncement43．tookchargeof【解析】36．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：專家警告說，這些癥狀可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表示過去事實(shí)，故使用一般過去時(shí)。表示“有可能做某事”用belikelytodo。句子的主語為thesesymptoms是復(fù)數(shù)。故填werelikelyto。37．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：眾所周知，粵港澳大灣區(qū)由香港、澳門和廣東九市組成。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表述客觀事實(shí)，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示“組成”用makeup。故填makeup。38．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：吃飯時(shí)間餐廳里擠滿了顧客。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表述客觀事實(shí)，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示“擠滿”用becrowedwith。故填iscrowdedwith。39．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：恐怕我不能參加你們的游戲了，因?yàn)槲矣兄匾氖虑橐幚?。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞短語與空前的to構(gòu)成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“處理”用attendto。故填attendto。40．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：老實(shí)說，我的第一部小說是在我還在上大學(xué)的時(shí)候出版的。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表示過去事實(shí)，故使用一般過去時(shí)。表示“出版”用eout。故填cameout。41．考查介詞短語。句意：1976年7月28日，唐山發(fā)生了地震。幾分鐘之內(nèi)，這座城市就成了一片廢墟，許多建筑物遭到破壞。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用介詞短語作表語，表示“成為廢墟”用inruins。故填inruins。42．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：飛行員宣布在著陸前會(huì)有輕微的延誤。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表示過去事實(shí)，故使用一般過去時(shí)。表示“宣布”用動(dòng)詞短語makeanannouncement。故填madeanannouncement。43．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：霍爾先生曾經(jīng)做過編輯，負(fù)責(zé)報(bào)紙的商業(yè)部分。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語，句子表示過去事實(shí)，故使用一般過去時(shí)。表示“負(fù)責(zé)”用takechargeof。故填tookchargeof。拓展延伸五、閱讀理解AEarthquakesareanaturaldisaster—exceptwhenthey’remanmade.Theoilandgasindustryhasforcefullyusedthetechniqueknownashydraulicfracturing(水力壓裂)todestroysubsurfacerockandfreetheoilandgashidingthere.Buttheprocessresultsinlargeamountsofchemicalfilledwastewater.Horizontaldrilling(水平鉆探)foroilcanalsoproducealargeamountofnatural,unwantedsaltwater.Theindustrydealswiththiswastewaterbypumpingitintodeepwells.Previously,theUSGeologicalSurveypublishedforthefirsttimeanearthquakedisastermapcoveringbothnaturaland“induced”quakes.ThemapandareportshowedthatpartsofthecentralUnitedStateswerefacingagroundshakingdisasterequaltothefamouslyunstableterrain(地形)ofCalifornia.Some7millionpeoplelivedinplaceseasilyattackedbythesemanmadequakes,andalmostalltheriskofincreasingmanmadequakeswastiedtopaniesthatwerepumpingwastewaterfromoilandgasproductiondeepintotheearth,theUSGSreported.ThelistofplacesathighestriskofmanmadeearthquakesincludedOklahoma,Kansas,Texas,Arkansas,Colorado,NewMexico,OhioandAlabama.Mostoftheseearthquakeswererelativelysmall,intherangeofmagnitude3,butsomeweremorepowerful,includingamagnitude5.6earthquakein2011inOklahomathatwasconnectedtowastewaterfilling.Scientistssaidtheydidnotknowiftherewasanupperlimitonthemagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakes;thiswasanareaofactiveresearch.Oklahomahadhadprehistoricearthquakesaspowerfulasmagnitude7.It’snotimmediatelyclearwhetherthisresearchwillchangeindustrypractices,orevenwhetheritwillsurpriseanyoneintheareasofnewlyestimateddanger.InOklahoma,forexample,therateofearthquakeswasonlyoneortwoayear,buttherehavebeenhundredssincehydraulicfracturingandhorizontaldrilling,withwastewaterfilling,becamemoninthelastyears.44．Whatcancausemanmadeearthquakes?A．Themanmadewastewaterinthefactories.B．Theprocessofdiggingdeepwellsinthosepoorareas.C．Theoilandgasindustry’sworktoharvesttheoilandgas.D．Thewayusedbytheoilandgasindustrytodealwithwastewater.45．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“induced”inparagraph2?A．Manmade. B．Reduced. C．Newlybuilt. D．Controlled.46．What’sthehighestmagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakesaccordingtothescientists?A．Magnitude3. B．Magnitude5.6. C．Magnitude7. D．Noconclusion.47．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NaturalEarthquakesinAmericaAreDisappearingNowB．About7MillionAmericansatRiskofManMadeEarthquakesC．TimefortheOilandGasIndustrytoChangeItsWorkingPracticesD．EarthquakesasPowerfulasMagnitude7HappenMoreOfteninAmerica【答案】44．D45．A46．D47．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹水力壓裂和水平鉆井以及廢水填充導(dǎo)致了人為地震。44．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Buttheprocessresultsinlargeamountsofchemicalfilledwastewater.Horizontaldrilling(水平鉆探)foroilcanalsoproducealargeamountofnatural,unwantedsaltwater.(但這一過程會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量充滿化學(xué)物質(zhì)的廢水。水平開采石油也會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量天然的、不需要的鹽水)”以及第三段中“Some7millionpeoplelivedinplaceseasilyattackedbythesemanmadequakes,andalmostalltheriskofincreasingmanmadequakeswastiedtopaniesthatwerepumpingwastewaterfromoilandgasproductiondeepintotheearth,theUSGSreported.(美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局報(bào)告稱，約有700萬人生活在容易受到這些人為地震襲擊的地方，幾乎所有人為地震增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都與那些將石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)廢水泵入地下深處的公司有關(guān))”可知，石油和天然氣工業(yè)處理廢水的方法會(huì)引起人為地震。故選D項(xiàng)。45．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“theUSGeologicalSurveypublishedforthefirsttimeanearthquakedisastermapcoveringbothnaturaland“induced”quakes”可知，美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局發(fā)布了一張地震災(zāi)害地圖，其中，naturalquakes指的是自然發(fā)生的地震，由此可知inducedquakes指的是與naturalquakes對(duì)應(yīng)的人為導(dǎo)致的地震。故A項(xiàng)“人為的”最接近“induced”的含義。故選A。46．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Scientistssaidtheydidnotknowiftherewasanupperlimitonthemagnitudeofmanmadeearthquakes;(科學(xué)家們表示，他們不知道人為地震的震級(jí)是否有上限)”可知，人工地震的震級(jí)上限還是未知的、有待研究的。故選D項(xiàng)。47．主旨大意題。文章首先拋出了認(rèn)為地震的概念并解釋了其由來，接下來介紹美國地震調(diào)查局的發(fā)現(xiàn)：約有七百萬美國人會(huì)受到人工地震的威脅。B選項(xiàng)“約七百萬美國人處于人工地震的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中”最能涵蓋文章的主要內(nèi)容，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。BIfthecrust（外殼）oftheearthwerenotprettysolid（堅(jiān)固的）,itwouldbeshakingandmovingupanddownfrequently.However,thereareplacesintherocksoftheearth’scrustwhereitisn’tstronglyheldtogether—wherefaultsexist.Alongthefaults,onerockmightpushagainstanotherwithgreatforce.Theenergyischangedtovibrationintherocks,sotheybegintoshakeandwehaveanearthquake!ThemostfamousoneinNorthAmericawastheSinFranciscoearthquakeof1906.Sevenhundredpeoplediedandproperty（財(cái)產(chǎn)）damageamountedtoabout$425,000,000.Thegreatestdestructioncamefromthefiresthatfollowedthequake.OneofthemostfamousearthquakesinEuropetookplaceinLisbon,Portugal,in1755.Thecitywasdestroyedandatleastthirtythousandpeoplewerekilled.In1908,inCalabriaandSicily,aquakekilledaboutseventyfivethousandpeople.In1915,incentralItaly,hundredsoftownsandvillagesweredamagedandthirtythousandpeoplewerekilled.TwogreatearthquakesthatcausedgreatdamageinAsiatookplaceinTokyo,Japan,andinGansuProvinceinChina.TheTokyoquakeof1923killedmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleanddestroyedthecityandthecityofYokohama,too.TheChinesequakein1920coveredmorethanthreehundredsquaremilesandkilledabouttwohundredthousandpeople.48．Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus_____________.A．whereearthquakeshappen B．thedamagecausedbyearthquakesC．howearthquakeshappen D．famousearthquakesintheworld49．Theunderlinedword“vibration”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“_________”.A．force B．shaking C．energy. D．losing50．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheyearswhentheearthquakeshappened?①theSanFranciscoearthquake②theearthquakeinLisbon,Portugal③theearthquakeinCalabriaandSicily④theearthquakeincentralItaly⑤theearthquakeinGansuProvince⑥theTokyoquakeA．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④ C．①③④②⑤⑥ D．②①③④⑤⑥51．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A．thefiresfollowingtheSanFranciscoearthquakecausedmoredamagethantheearthquakedidB．theearth’scrustinEuropeisweakerthanthatinotherplacesC．therewere75,000peoplekilledintheSanFranciscoearthquakeD．thecityofYokohama