2001年在職攻讀教育碩士英語二試題及答案（英語專業(yè)）

本資料來自：中企資料網(wǎng)—WWW.ZQZL.CN為您提供專業(yè)全面的行業(yè)資料、管理資料、學(xué)習(xí)資料下載本資料來自：－中企資料網(wǎng)－中國最大的資料庫，如需更多資料請(qǐng)登錄本站下載2001年在職攻讀教育碩士英語二試題及答案（英語專業(yè)）2001考生須知1、選擇題（第01-40題）的答案必須用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上。用其他筆填涂的答案或填涂在試題冊上的答案無效。2、選擇題答案選出后，必須用2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)的選中項(xiàng)上劃一橫線，如：[A][B][C][D]。劃線要粗，要有一定濃度。修改時(shí)，必須用橡皮擦凈后，再填涂其他選項(xiàng)。3、其他題（翻譯和寫作）一律用藍(lán)色或黑色鋼筆或圓珠筆在答題紙上按規(guī)定的要求作答。凡做在試題冊上或未做在指定位置的答案無效。4、本考試時(shí)間為3小時(shí)。SectionIUseofEnglish(10%)Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandma,A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1(客觀答題卡:).Wesufferfromaconspicuouslackofrolemodelsandsharedcauses.Thisis01ofreason,Ithink,thatmanyyoungAsian-AmericanscontinuetoassimilatequietlyintoAmerica2asdoctors,scientistsandengineers.Ourstrugglesareindividualandfamilialbut__03communalorpolitical.OursisafrustratinglylimitedversionoftheAMERICANDrearrWhileIcanstrivefor04intoHarvardandbecomethetalkoftheKoreanmothersinmlhometown,GodforbidthatIaimmuchfurtherandhigherthanthat--05fameantinfluenceasawriter,anintellectualorperhapspresidentoftheUnitedStates.Iwishmorethananythingelsetofeellikepartofsomething06thanmyselfandm~personalambitions,partofalargerculture.Unfortunately,bycomingtoAmericamyparent.,07_theculturallegacytheywouldhavepassedontome.WhenIvisited08lastsummer,foundthatIwas09andchastisedbymanypeopleforneverlearninghowtospeakKoreanandforturningmy10ontheirculture.Taxidriverswould11tostopformeandmyKorean-Americanfriendsbecausetheyknewfromour12wherewehadcomefrom.And13,inspiteofthe17yearsIhavespentinthiscountry,IfeelmoreacutelyconsciousthaneverofthefactthatIamnotcompletely14.Recently,ablackmancalledmea"littleChinesefaggot"inamen'sroom,anda15womanonthestreettoldmeto"gobacktoJapan."Americans,Ithink,feela(n)16tokeepbothAsiansandAsian-Americansatasociological,philosophicalandgeographicaldistance.With17_numbersofAsian-American18applyingtotopcolleges,manywhitestudentshavebeguntocomplainaboutAsian-American19andcompetitiveness,callingus"Asiannerds."ManyAmericansconsiderthisaspartofalarger"Asianinvasionfassociated20Japan'sexportsuccessinAmerica.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D]always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D]integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAIhomeless[B]careless[C]selfless.[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D]enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Aldiligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D]stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgectionIIReadingComprehension(60%)PartA(40%)Readthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(客觀答題卡).Text1InfraGardisagrass-rootsefforttorespondtotheneedforcooperationandcollaborationncounteringthethreatofcybercrimeandterrorismtoprivatebusinessesandthegovernment.~ytheendofSeptember,therewillbeInfraGardchaptersinall50states,Callowaysaid.WithadvicefromtheFBI,eachlocalchapterwillberunbyaboardofdirectorsthatincludesmembersofprivateindustry,theacademiccommunityandpublicagencies.Banks,utilities,andotherbusinessesandgovernmentagencieswilluseasecureWebsitetosharenformationaboutattemptstohackintotheircomputernetworks.Memberscanjointhesystem!tnocharge.Akeyfeatureofthesystemisatwo-prongedmethodofreportingattacks.A"sanitized"descriptionofahackingattemptorotherincident-onethatdoesn'trevealthenameorensitiveinformationaboutthevictim-canbesharedwiththeothermemberstospottrends.?henamoredetaileddescriptionalsocanbesenttotheFBI'scomputercrimesunittoietermineiftherearegroundsforaninvestigation.Cybercrimehasjumpedinrecentyearsacrossthenation,particularlyinhotbedsoffinancialcormmerceandtechnologylikeCharlotte."Tenyearsago,allyouneededtoprotectyourselfwasasafe,afenceandsecurityofficers,"saidChrisSwecker,whoisinchargeoftheFBI'sCharlotteoffice."Nowanybusinesswithamodemissubjecttoattack."FBEagentsinvestigatingcomputerhackingthatdisruptedpopularWebsitesincludingA,CNNandYahoo!thisyearidentifiedseveralNorthCarolinavictims.TheinvestigationhasalsoidentifiedcomputersystemsinNorthCarolinausedbyhackerstocommitsuchattacks.Prosecutionsofhackershavebeenhamperedbythereluctanceofbusinessestoreportsecurityintrusionsforfearofbadpublicityandlostbusiness.Meanwhile,toomanycorporationshavemadeittooeasyforcriminalsbysacrificingsecurityforspeedandaccessibility.JackWiles,whowillleadthelocalInfraGardchapter'sboard,saidarecentreportestimated97percentofallcybercrimegoesundetected.Wiles,acomputersecurityexpert,hasafirewallonhispersonalcomputertopreventhackersfromgettingintohisfiles."Igetatleastonereportadaythatsomebodywastryingtogetintomycomputer,"hesaid."TheNetisawonderfulplace,butit'salsoadangerousone."21.Fromthefkstparagraph,weknow[A]InfraGardisaprotectivemeasureaga/nstcybercrime.[BIInfraGardisameasureofcooperationandcollaboration.[C]therewillbe50InfraGardchaptersinallstates.[DJprivatebusinessandthegovernmentarenowcommittingcybererime.22.EachlocalchapterofInfraGardwillberunbythefollowingEXCEPT[Alacademiccommunities.[B]publicagencies.[C]FBI.[D]privateindustry.23.Bysaying"toomanycorporationshavemadeittooeasyforcriminalsbysacrificingsecurityforspeedandaccessibility"theauthormeans[A]toomanycorporationstakenonoticeofthesecurityproblemofcomputers.[B]criminalsaresacrificingsecurityforspeedandaccessibility.[C]it'sveryeasytosacrificesecurityforspeedandaccessibility.[D]manycompaniessufferfromcomputerhackingbecausetheyvaluespeedandaccessibilitymorethansecurity.24.AllthefollowingarereasonsfortheriseincybercrimeEXCEPT[A]victimswon'treportintrusionsbyhackers.[B]vivictimshavenofkewalls.[C]theuseofmodemisincreasing.[D]companiesdon'tpayenoughattentiontoSecurity.25.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat[A]notallhackingattemptsareworthyofinvestigation.[B]informationofthevictimsisinaccessible.[C]InfraGardchapterswillbeineffectbytheendofSeptember.[D]Awasoncedisruptedbyhacking.Text2TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa"aqualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom".BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation(NEA),themainteachers'union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers'salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica'steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.ThepayofAmericanpublic-schoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance;instead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschooling,factorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards,theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxyforability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobof.recruitingand-selectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.26.WhichstatementisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?[A]NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.[B]Education-majoredstudentsarenotaswiseaspeoplehaveassumed.[C]Youngteachersarepaidlessbecausetheirstudentsdon'tdowellenough.[D]Thestudyisbothconcernedwiththeeffectsofriseinpaymentandteachertraining.27.IncreaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT[A]theauthoritiesdonotsetstandardsforqualifiedteachers.[BImediocreteacherspostponeretirement.[C]thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough.[D]teachersdidn'thaveequalopportunities.28.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonforcleverstudents'refusaltotaketeachingasprofessionisbecause[A]itofferslowpay.[B]theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.[C]itdoesnotvalueproductivity.[D]itusespoorrecruitingstrategies.29."Thedataarestriking:whenthebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture"means[A]studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer.[B]studentsdoingwellinstudycan'tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer.[C]studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers.[D]studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers.30.AllcanbeconcludedBUT[A]teachinginU.S.Aneedsacertificate.[B]themoreoutstandingoneis,themorelikelyheistochooseteaching.[C]Americanpublic-schoolteachersarepaidinproportiontoexperienceandyearsofschooling.[D]increaseinteacher'ssalariesistoattractmorequalifiedcandidatestoteaching.Text3TheNobelprizeineconomicshadadifficultbirth.Itwascreatedin1969tomimicthefiveprizesinitiatedunderAlfredNobel'swill.Thesehadalreadybeenaroundfor68years,andpuristsfoughthardtostopthenewcomer.SomemembersoftheRoyalSwedishBythe1990s,theNobelcommitteehadgainedareputationforintransigence.GaryBeckerwononlyafterafloodofnominationsforcedthecabalinStockholmtoact.ThefathersofgametheorywononlyafterMrNash'ssuddenrecoveryfromparanoidschizophrenia,thoughthediseasehadnobearingonthequalityofhiswork,thebestofwhichwasdonebeforehebecameill.RobertLucasreceivedaprizethatmanyeconomistsbelievedheshouldhavehadmuchearlier.In1998,theprizebecamethesubjectofcountlessjokesafterthecollapseofLong-TermCapitalManagement,ahedge-fundfirmwhosefoundersincludedRobertMertonandMyronScholes,the1997Nobellaureates.TheMerton/Scholeschoicealsohighlightedanotherenduringproblemwiththeprize:untimelydeaths.FischerBlack,co-originatoroftheoptions-pricingmodelforwhichMessrsMertonandScholeswererecognised,diedayeartoosoontojoinhiscollaboratorsonthepodium.Lastyear,manyeconomistshopedthatZviGriliches,anotedeconometricianwhowasunquestionablydeservingoftheprize,andwassufferingfromalongillness,wouldwin.Hedidnot,anddiedsoonafterwards.Becausetheprizecameintobeingsolate,thereisstillabacklogofelderlyluminarieswaitingtoberecognised.PaulSamuelson,oneoftheyoungerwinners,andMrBecker,whowasafriendofGriliches,wantthecommitteetotakeoldageexplicitlyintoaccount.Thecommitteecouldalsocastitsnetmorewidelyacrosstheprofession.Almostailthelaureatesarealsotheoreticians;advancesinempiricalworkandapplicationsinthepasttwodecadeshaveyettobepaidduerespect,afactbemoanedbyMrBecker.MrSamuelsonaddsthattheeconomicscommittee'sselectionmethodshaveexcessivelymimickedthoseusedfortheprizesinnaturalsciences:"Iftherightapplefellonyourhead,andyousawit,thenyougottheprize.Butifyouhadalifetimeofexcellenceinallbranchesofphysics,youdidn'tgetit."31.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnedthat[A]theNobelprizeineconomicswascreatedunderAlfredNobel'swill.[B]GunnarMyrdalwasoneoftheNobelprizewinnersineconomics.[C]MiltonFriedmanrefusedtoaccepttheprize.[D]theNobelcommitteehadnottheabilitytomakedecisions.32.WecanlearnfromthetextthataboutthewinnersoftheNobelprizeineconomicsduring1990s,[A]GaryBeckerwontheprizeafterheforcedthecommitteetoact.[B]MrNash'sillnessdelayedhisreceivingoftheprize.[C]obertLucasreceivedtheprizeearlierthanexpected.[D]RobertMertonandMyronScholesplayedjokesontheprize.33.Accordingtothetext,theauthor'sattitudetowardNobelprizeineconomicsis[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJindifferent.34.Fromthethirdparagraph,welearnthat[A]FisherBlackdidnotlivelongenoughtowintheNobelprize.[B]theNobelcommitteewillsoontakeoldageintoaccount.[C]youngerpeoplearemorelikelytowintheprize.[D]ZviGrilicheswontheprizeafterhedied.35.Inthelastparagraphofthetext,MrSamuelson'sattitudetowardtheeconomicscommittee'sselectionmethodsis[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4InAmericaalone,tippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry-allthemoresurprisingsinceitisabehaviouraloddity.Consumersactingrationallyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice,Tips,whicharevoluntary,aboveandbeyondaservice'scontractedcost,anddeliveredafterwards,shouldnotexist.Sowhydothey?Theconventionalwisdomisthattipsbothrewardtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduceuncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Thebettertheservice,thebiggerthetip.Apaperanalysingdatafrom2,547groupsdiningat20differentrestaurantsshowsthatthecorrelationbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak:onlyatinypartofthevariabilityinthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.Customerswhoratedamealas"excellent"stilltippedanywherebetween8%and37%ofthemealprice.Tippingisbetterexplainedbyculturethanbyeconomics.InAmerica,thecustomhasbecomeinstitutionalised:itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InaNewYorkrestaurant,failingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeanabusefromthewaiter.Hairdresserscanexpecttoget15-20%,themanwhodeliversyourgroceries$2.InEurope,tippingislesscommon;inmanyrestaurants,discretionarytippingisbeingreplacedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountries,tippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.Howtoaccountforthesenationaldifferences?Looknofurtherthanpsychology.AccordingtoMichaelLynn,theCornellpaper'sco-author,countriesinwhichpeoplearemoreextrovert,sociableorneurotictendtotipmore.Tippingrelievesanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers:And,says'MrLynn,"inAmerica,wherepeopleareoutgoingandexpressive,tippingisaboutsocialapproval.Ifyoutipbadly,peoplethinklessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff."Icelanders,bycontrast,donotusuallytip-ameasureoftheirintroversionandlackofneuroses,nodoubt.Whilesuchexplanationsmaybecrude,thehardtruthseemstobethattippingdoesnotwork.Itdoesnotbenefitthecustomer.Nor,inthecaseofrestaurants,doesitactuallyincentivisethewaiter,orhelptherestaurantmanagertomonitorandassesshisstaff.Thecryofstingytippersthatservicepeopleshould"justbepaidadecentwage"mayactuallymakeeconomicsense.36.FromthetextwelearnthatAmericans[A]arewillingtogivetipsbecausetheylovethepractice.[B]liketogivetipstoservicepeopletohelpthemfinancially.[C]arereluctanttogivetips,buttheystilldoso.[D]aregivinglessandlesstips.37.AccordingtoParagraph3,welearnthat[A]tipsarevoluntaryinAmerica.[B]peopledon'ttipinEurope.[C]tippingisrareinmanyAsiancountries.[D]tippingisnowpopularinIceland.38.AccordingtoMichaelLynn,[A]nervouspeopledonotusuallytip.[B]Americanpeopleareanxious.[C]Icelandersdon'tliketoshowoff.[D]peoplewillignoreyouifyoutipbakly.39.ThetextindicatesthatinAmerica[A]customerstip8%to37%ofthemealpriceifamealwas"excellent".[B]awaitercanabuseacustomerifhefailstotip15%.[C]theamountoftippingisstandardizedwithdifferentservices.[D]themanwhocarrygroceriesforyoucanexpecttoget15-20%.40.Accordingtothetext,theauthorbelievesthatinAmerica[A]thebettertheservice,thebiggerthetip.[BItipscanrewardtheeffortofgoodservice.[C]tipscanreducefeelingsofinequality.[D]tipscannotpromptbetterservice.PartB(20%)slationshouMbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2(主觀答題紙).(41)ThereareplentyofgrimstatisticsaboutchildhoodintheThirdWorld.showingthatthejourneyforsurvivalislongandhard.Butintherichworld,childrencansufferfromadifferentkindofpoverty-ofthespirit.Forinstance,oneWesterncountryalonenowsees14,000attemptedsuicideseveryyearbychildrenunder15,andonechildinfiveneedsprofessionalpsychiatriccounselling.TherearemanygoodthingsaboutchildhoodintheThirdWorld.Takethecloseandconstantcontactbetweenchildrenandtheirparents,relativesandneighbours.IntheWest,theverynatureofworkputsdistancebetweenadultsandchildren.(42)ButitlmostThirdWorldvillagesmotherandfatherdonotgomilesawayeachdaytodoabstractworkinoffices,shufflingpapertomakemoneymysteriouslyappearinbanks.Instead.thechildseesmotheran(tfather,relationsandneighboursworkingnearby,andoftensharesinthatwork.Achildgrowingupinthiswaylearnshisorherrolethroughparticipatinginthecommunity'swork:helpingtodigorbuild,plantorwater,tendtoanimalsorlookafterbabies-ratherthanthroughplayingwithwaterandsandinkindergarten,buildingwithconstructiontoys,keepingpetsorplayingwithdolls.(43)ThesechildrenmaygrowupwithalessoppressivelimitationofspaceandtimethantheirWesterncounterparts.Setdaysandtimesarefewandself-explanatory,determinedmostlybytherhythmoftheseasonsandthedifferentjobstheybring.(44)Achildintherichworld,ontheotherhand.isprovidedwithawrist-watchasoneoftheearliestsymbolsof~owingup.sothatheorshecanworry,alongwiththeirparentsaboutbeinglateforschooltimes,mealtimesclinictimes,bedtimes,thetimesofTVshows..;ThirdWorldchildrenarenotusuallycoopedupindoors,stilllessinhigh-riseapartments.Insteadoffenced-offplayareas,dangerousroads,'keepoffthegrass'signsand'don'tspeaktostrangers',thereisoftenasenseoffreedomtoplay.(45)Parentscanseetheirchildrenoutsideratherthanobservethemanxiouslyfromtenfloorsup.Andotheradultsinthecommunitycanusuallybecountedontobecaringratherthanindifferentorthreatening.Ofcoursetwelvemillionchildrenunderfivestilldieeveryyearthroughmalnutritionanddisease.ButchildrenintheThirdWorldisnotallbad.SectionmWriting(30%)Teachersoftenconsidersomestudentsasgoodstudents.Whatdoyouthinkgoodstudentsarelike?Describethecharacteristicsofgoodstudentsaccordingtoyourownopinion.Provideoneortwoexampleswherenecessary.Youmayalsoneedtouseknowledgeineducationandpsychologytosupportyourargum