2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題（第3套）

2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Withtheirvaluableskillsandexperience,elderlypeoplecancontinuetomakesignificantcontributionstosociety.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalobservationstodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words(notincludingthesentencegiven).PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.ReadndingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasingleuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonceModernU.S.citiesweredesignedtomakeexerciseunnecessary.Carsandelevatorsoncesymbolizedurbanareasasmachinesformoreefficientliving.NowitisclearthatthesesprovidegreatbenefitsbutalsohealthcostsRecentstudiesshowthaturban27encouragesmoredrivingandisassociatedwithheavierweight.This28suggeststhatthelayoutanddesignofcitiescanhinderorpromotehealthierlifestylechoicesanditis29thaturbanplannersbearthisinmind.Ofcoursecitiesstillneedto30standardpublichealthpractices,suchasseparatingtoxicfacilitiesfromhomesandrestrictingheavytrucktrafficthrough31residentialwayMoreandmorecityplannersarepayingincreasingattentiontoencouragingphysicalactivitybymakingiteasierandsaferforpeopletorecreate,walk,bikeandtakepublictransportation.Manystudiesof32showthatpeoplelivethelongestinenvironmentswherephysicalactivityispartofeverydaylife.Providingmorewalkablespaces,betterprotectedbikelanesandmore33spacesareimportantsteps.Butevensmallerchangescanbeeffective.Citiescancloseoffstreetsonweekendstoencouragecommunitiestogetoutandwalk.Theyalsocanprovidemoreseatinginpublicplaces,sothatless-fitresidentscanrestduringtheirjourneys.Usingpublicspacesincitiesasplaceswherepeoplecanexercisepromotesratherthanallowingphysicalactivitytobecomerestrictedtoprivategymswithoften-expensivemonthlyfeesthat35lesswealthypeoplefromjoining.A)correlationmperativeecreationalBdensetenerrrespectivesprawlDequityevityN)vibratefosternavigatetySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.anLearningaForeignLanguagePreventDementiaofitsmostcommonformsisAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默氏病).Atthistime,thecausesofthediseasearenotwellunderstood,andconsequently,therearenoprovenstepsthatpeoplecantaketopreventit.Nonetheless,someresearchershavesuggestedthatlearningaforeignlanguagemighthelpdelaytheonsetofdementia.B)Toexplorethispossibilitymoredeeply,let’slookatsomeofthecommonmisconceptionsaboutdementiaandtheagingbrain.Firstofall,dementiaisnotaninevitablepartofthehingasnormalforgetfulness.Atanyage,wemightexperiencedifficultyfindingtheexactwordwewantorhavetroublerememberingthenameofthepersonwejustmet.PeoplewithdementialingconfusedorgettinglostinafamiliarplaceThinkofitthisway:Ifyouforgetwhereyouparkedyourcaratthemall,that’snormal;ifyouforgethowtodriveacar,thatmaybeasignalthatsomethingmoreseriousisgoingon.yourbrain”or“Tostaymentallyfit,youhavetogiveyourbrainaworkout.”Althoughthesearecolorfulanalogies,inrealitythebrainisnotamuscle.Unlikemuscles,thebrainsomemusclecellshavealifespanofonlyafewdays,braincellslastalifetime.Notonlythat,butithasbeenshownthatnewbraincellsarebeingcreatedthroughoutone’slifespan.D)Whileitmakesforacolorfulanalogy,comparingthebraintoamuscleisinaccurateandchershatclaimtobeabletotrainyourbrainandtheytypicallytapintoavarietyofcognitiveoftrainingmayimproveonesntseemtoimproveotherabilitiesInotherwordspracticingaletter-detectiontaskwill,overtime,improveyourletter-detectionskills,butitwillnotnecessarilyenhanceyourotherperceptualabilities.E)However,thereissomereasontobelievethatlearninglanguagesmightbedifferent.Thebestevidencethatforeignlanguagelearningconferscognitivebenefitscomesfromresearchwiththosewhoarealreadybilingual(雙語(yǔ)的).Bilingualismmostcommonlyilingualismcertainlyoccursinadulthoodaswell.actuallymorecommonthanyoumightthinkInfactandmultilinguals.Althoughinmanycountriesmostinhabitantssharejustonelanguage,othercountrieshaveseveralofficiallanguages.Switzerland,forexample,hasfourofficiallanguages:German,French,Italian,andRomansh.ThroughoutlargepartsofAfrica,Arabic,Swahili,French,andEnglishareoftenknownandusedbyindividualswhospeakadifferentnativelanguageintheirhomethantheydointhemarketplace.Sobilingualismandmultilingualismaretobefoundthroughouttheworld.Andwithregardtocognitiveabilities,theresearchonthosewhospeakmorethanonelanguagepaintsanencouragingpicture.G)Foronething,bilingualsarebetteratmultitasking.Oneexplanationofthissuperiorityisthatspeakersoftwolanguagesarecontinuallyinhibitingoneoftheirlanguages,andthisognitivebenefitstootheractivitiesInfactbilingualtsonavarietyofcognitivetaskssuchasfollowingcomplexinstructions,andswitchingtonewinstructions.Forthesakeofcompleteness,itshouldbenotedthattheadvantagesofbeingbilingualarenotuniversalacrossallcognitivedomains.Bilingualindividualshavebeenshowntohavesmallervocabulariesandtotakelongerinretrievingwordsfrommemorywhencomparedtomonolinguals.Inthelongrun,however,thecognitiveandlinguisticadvantagesofbeingbilingualfaroutweighthesetwodrawbacks.H)Ifthebenefitsofbeingbilingualspillovertootheraspectsofcognition,thenwewouldexpecttoseealowerincidenceofAlzheimer’sdiseaseinbilingualsthaninmonolinguals,oratleastalateronsetofAlzheimer’sforbilinguals.Infact,thereisevidencetosupportthisclaim.ThepsychologistEllenBialystokandhercolleaguesobtainedthehistoriesof184individualswhohadmadeuseofamemoryclinicinToronto.ForthosewhoshowedlehadanaverageageofyearsattimetreceivedtheirdiagnosisatyearsonaverageInabyothersystematicdifferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Forexample,themonolingualsreportedonaverageayearandahalfmoreschoolingthantheirbilingualcounterparts,sotheeffectwasclearlynotduetoformaleducation.I)Aseparatestudy,conductedinIndia,foundstrikinglysimilarresults:bilingualpatientsdevelopedsymptomsofdementia4.5yearslaterthanmonolinguals,evenafterotherpotentialfactors,suchasgenderandoccupation,werecontrolledfor.Inaddition,researchershavereportedotherpositiveeffectsofbilingualismforcognitiveabilitiesinlaterlife,evenwhenthepersonacquiredthelanguageinadulthood.Crucially,Bialystoksuggestedthatthepositivebenefitsofbeingbilingualwereonlyfoundinthosewhousedbothlanguagesallthetime.J)Butencouragingasthesekindsofstudiesare,theystillhavenotestablishedexactlyhoworwhydifferencesbetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsexist.Becausethesestudieslookedbackatthehistoriesofpeoplewhowerealreadybilingual,theresultscanonlysaythatadifferencebetweenthetwogroupswasfound,butnotwhythatdifferenceoccurred.thetwogroups.K)Otherstudiesofsuccessfulagingsuggestthatbeingconnectedtoone’scommunityandofdementia.Onceagain,however,theresultsarefarlessclearthanthepopularmediamightleadyoutobelieve.Olderindividualswholeadactivesociallivesare,almostbydefinition,healthierthantheircounterpartswhorarelyleavetheirhomesorinteractwithheonsetofdementiaorifpeoplewhodon’thavedementiaaremorelikelytobesociallyactive.L)Butevenifstudyingaforeignlanguageisnotamagicalcure-all,thereisonethingitwillofadvantageswedoknowabout.36.Researchindicatesthatbraintrainingislikelytoboostone’sabilityatspecifictasks,butnotone’sothercognitiveabilities.37.Accordingtoestimates,thenumberofpeoplewhospeaktwolanguagesormoreisgreaterthanthosewhospeakonelanguageonly.38.Forthetimebeing,wedonotknowwhatcausespeopletolosetheircognitiveabilities,orwhatwecandotopreventit.esocialactivities,ormoresocialactivitieskeeppeopleawayfromdementia.40.Thereisevidencethatlearningforeignlanguagesmightbebeneficialtoboostingone’scognitiveabilities.41.Itwassuggestedthatonlythosewhoalwaysspoketwolanguagescouldbenefitfrombilingualism.42.Thebrainisdifferentfrommusclesinthatitkeepsworkingevenwhenthebodyisatrest.43.Peoplewhospeaktwolanguagesdobetteratanumberofcognitivetasksthanthosewhospeakonlyonelanguage.44.Dementiaisdifferentfrombeingmerelyforgetfulandentailsmoreserioustrouble.45.ItisclaimedthatmoremonolingualssufferfromAlzheimer’sdiseasethanbilinguals.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.innovationsthatenhancedevelopment.Forresearchtoserveitsfullpurpose,theresultsmustleavetheconfinesofresearchlaboratoriesandacademicjournals.Findingseffectivelycommunicatedcangoalongwaytoservetheinterestsofthepublic.Theycanhelpaddresssocialinjusticesorimprovetreatmentsofferedtopatients.ManyresearchersseemtobecontentwithsharingtheresultsoftheirstudiesinacademicybodytoreadthefindingsEvenarticlesfreelyavailableareusuallywritteninacademiclanguageincomprehensibletotheaveragereader.canbeachievedbygettinganumberofpaperspublishedinprominentjournals.Pressureslikethismeancommunity-leveloutreachisnotprioritised.Manyresearcherslackthewritingskillstodescribetheirresultstoageneralaudience.indingsoraboutfindingsbeingusedtoinfluencecontroversialpolicies.Theseconcernscausesomeresearcherstoshyawayfromcommunicatingtheirfindingsoutsidetheacademiccommunity.Propagatingresearchfindingsbeyondacademicpublicationsisparticularlycrucialfornciesandotherstakeholderstounderstandandrespondtocrisesthatplaguesociety.ThebenefitsofsharingfindingsflowbothwaysEngagingwithotherresearchersandthepubliccanleadtounexpectednewconnectionsandnewideasthatcouldsuggestfruitfulnewdirectionsforresearch.Tobenefitbothresearchersandthecommunities,theneedtofindinnovative,accessiblewaystosharetheworkcannotbeoverstated.itutionsandfundingorganisationsshouldsupportmoreresearcherstopublishinopenthepublicdoesnthavetopaytoreadthemInstitutionsandresearchersshouldinvestinpartnershipsthatexpandcapacityforsharingresultsmorebroadly.Furthermore,ethicscommitteesshouldmakeitmandatoryforresearcherstosharetheirresultswiththepublic.Everyresearchparticipantshouldoptinoroutofreceivingresults,aspartoftheprocessofgivinginformedconsent.Therecouldbemisunderstandingofthefindingspresentedbytheresearcherbecauseoftechnicalterms.Butthiscanberesolvedbyresearchersengagingtheservicesofprofessionalwritersorcommunicationofficerstohelpwithtranslatingtheirstudyintomoreaccessiblelanguageandshareitwidelywithmediaoutletsandthepublic.andensuresthatourworkcanbeusedtoimprovepeopleslivesInstitutionsandcollaboratorsmustrecognisethevalueofdoingso.Howcanresearchserveitsfullpurposeaccordingtotheauthor?A)Withresearchersbeingawareofpublicinterests.B)Withitsfindingspublishedinprominentjournals.C)Withresearcherscreatingproductsthatenhancesocialdevelopment.D)Withitsfindingsproperlycommunicatedbeyondtheacademiccircle.Whydoordinaryreadersfinditdifficulttoaccesstheresultsofresearchers’studies?A)Theycannotunderstandtheacademiclanguageusedforreportingtheseresults.B)Theyfeelintimidatedbythejargonresearchersusetodescribetheirfindings.C)Theydonotattendconferenceswheretheseresultsarefreelyavailable.D)Theyhavefewchancestolocatethejournalsthatpublishthesefindings.Whatisoneofthereasonssomeresearcherswon’tprioritisecommunicatingtheirfindingstothepublic?A)Theycanthriveonthepaperspublished.B)Theirtopconsiderationistowintenure.C)Theirmaingoalisgainingrecognitionintheirfield.D)Theyhavetostruggletoreachouttothecommunity.Howcansharingfindingsbenefitresearchersthemselves?A)Byhelpingthemtoidentifynewresearchdirections.B)Byenablingthemtounderstandcrisesplaguingsociety.C)Byenablingthemtoeffectivelyaddresssocialdiscrepancies.D)Byhelpingthemtoforgetieswithgovernmentagencies.WhyareresearchersadvisedtoengagetheservicesofprofessionalwritersornicationofficersA)Tosatisfyethicscommittees’mandatoryrequirementsofresearchers.B)Totranslatetheirstudyintolanguagesaccessibletoreadersoverseas.C)Tomaketheirpublicationscorrectlyunderstoodbythepublic.D)Torendertheirfindingsacceptablebyprominentjournals.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SpidersmaketheirpresencefeltinlateAugustandthroughearlyautumn.Thisisthematingseasonofsomeofthemostcommonvarieties,whenmalehousespiderscomeoutofhiddencornerstolookforfemales,andgardenspidersreachadultsizeandspintheirmostdazzlingwebs.YetwhilethespiderisafamiliarfixtureofnurserypoemsorsongsandHalloweendecorations,itsrelationshipwithhumansiscomplicated.Fearofspidersiscommonandhasseriousimpactsonthelivesofsufferers.Itsprevalenceappearsunrelatedtoanyrationalassessmentofrisk.SpidersintheUKarealmostallharmless.FarmlandspeciesperformluableecosystemservicesbypreyingoninsectsthatareourcompetitorsforcropsButtheyareaconstantsourceofhumananxieties—withaculturalassociationwithwitchesandwickednessdatingbacktothemiddleages.laininpartthelackofdataabouthowspidersarefaringinourageofecologicalcrisis?Britishbutterfliesarethemoststudiedgroupofinsectsintheworld,dueitwasonlyinthe1980sthattheclassificationofhousespiderswasproperlysortedout.Andwhileinformationaboutinsectpopulationsisgatheredbyexperimentsthatmeasurethenumbershittingwindscreensortraps,therehavebeenfewattemptstocountspiders.tlandmarkstudyidentifiedafallininsectpopulationsbetweennofwildareasfortThismeanstheoverallpictureforspidersisworryingasitisformostcreaturesutthosevarietiesthatarethreatenedduetohabitatlossandfragmentation,whichmakesitimpossibleforthemtomigrate.rdedintheUKthemajoritythriveinmarshesandwasteland.Conservationefforts,oftenledbydeterminedindividuals,havehelpedsomespeciestorecoverbyreintroducingthemtonewareas.Withrewildingnowfirmlyontheenvironmentalpolicyagenda,thehopeisthatinfuture,spiderswillbeenabledtomigratebythemselves,adaptingtoclimatechangebymovingalongwildlifecorridors.birdsorbutterflies,inspiteoftheiruniquestatusasnature’sspinners.Butastheyrevealthemselvesinalltheirsplendourthisautumn,itwouldbeagoodthingifmoreanimalloversrecognisedthewaysinwhichspidersaresimplyterrific.WhatdowelearnaboutspidersintheUKsincethemiddleages?A)Theyhavebeengenerallymisconceived.B)Theyhaveadverselyimpactedcropgrowth.C)Theyhavebeenaconstantreminderofbadluck.D)Theyhavemadetheirpresencefeltwhenspinningwebs.WhathavespidersbeenassociatedwithintheUKforcenturies?A)Harm.B)Evil.C)Suffering.D)Aggression.Whatpartlyaccountsforthereductioninspiders’foodsupply?A)Thelongtraditionofcollectinginsects.B)Fastreproductionoftheircompetitors.C)Chemicalsusedforkillinginsects.D)Theextinctionofalotofwildlife.Whatdoesthepassagesayisconservationistsbiggestworry?A)Avarietyofspidersarethreatenedduetopollutionofmarshesandwasteland.B)Certainspeciesofspidersareendangeredduetolossoftheirnaturalhomes.C)Anincreasingnumberofspidersarebeingkilledbydeadlypesticides.D)Moreandmorespiderspeciesarefoundlosingtheirabilitytomigrate.Whatwishdoestheauthorexpressclosetotheendofthepassage?A)Morepeoplewouldrecognisespiders’uniquestatusintheecosystem.B)Peoplewouldshowgreaterenthusiasmforspidersthanforbutterflies.C)Therewouldbesufficientcorridorsforspiderstomovealong.D)Therewouldbemorepeopleappreciatingspiders’splendour.1PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglishYoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.還在積極探索居家和社