中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞不定式+講義

中考專題復(fù)習(xí)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式【課前一測(cè)】1.Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometime

whatyoulikeeveryday.A.do

B.todo

C.doing

D.done2.Whynot____anEnglishclubtopractice___English?A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking3.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_____megoinfirst.A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask4.Ifpeople____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere____.A.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive5.Itisimportant____thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying【課題導(dǎo)入】改一改：修改下列句子使之語(yǔ)法上正確。1.WeaskTomplayfootball.2.Mydreamisbeadoctor.3.Gotoaverygoodhighschool,youneedtostudyhard.4.Don’tforgetlockingthedoor.7.Itisverykindofyouhelpingme.【授之以漁】一、概述動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式：動(dòng)詞不做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)的固定形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種形式；其中分詞又包含現(xiàn)在詞和過去分詞兩種形式。它們?cè)诰渥又胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式中的一種。①基本形式：不定式符號(hào)to+V原形否定形式：nottodo被動(dòng)形式：tobedone完成形式：tohavedone疑問形式：wh-疑問詞+to+do②動(dòng)詞不定式功能：具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,即可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但不定式也保留動(dòng)詞的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式加上相關(guān)成分就構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式用法1、作主語(yǔ)通常將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或不定式短放在謂語(yǔ)后面,而在主語(yǔ)位置用“it”作形式主語(yǔ)(有時(shí)在不定式的前面還會(huì)用forsb表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ))。例：Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeople.?？冀?jīng)典句型（牢記）：Itisadj+forsbtodosth含義：做某事對(duì)于某人來說怎么樣。adj描述事情例：ItisveryeasyforustolearnChinesewell.學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)對(duì)于我們來說很容易。（easy描述學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)）。Itisadj+ofsbtodosth含義：做某事，某人怎么樣。adj修飾人，表示人的性格和品德。例：Itiskindofyoutohelpme.幫助我，你真是太友好了。ItiscruelofGuangxipeopletokilldogsformeat.殺狗吃肉，廣西人真是太殘忍了。Ittakessb+時(shí)間+todosth含義：做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間例：Ittookmehalfanhourtoworkoutthisproblem.花了我半個(gè)小時(shí)解決這個(gè)問題。2、作賓語(yǔ)(1)及物動(dòng)詞+todo謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+不定式（常考固定搭配）want(想)/try(試圖)/decide(決定)/wouldlike(想要)/hope(希望)/love(喜愛)/learn(學(xué)會(huì))/afford(提供)/agree(同意)/fail(失敗、未能)/mean(意味著)/prefer(寧愿)/wish(希望)+todo例：Iwouldliketohavearestatthemoment.我現(xiàn)在想休息一下。Theybegantosearchtheroomforthethief.他們開始在屋子里搜尋小偷。Helikedtohaveaswiminthepoolnearhishouse.他喜愛在靠家的水塘里泳。WhendidyoulearntospeakEnglish?你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)的？Don’tforgettoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.你離開時(shí)別忘了關(guān)門。(2) 及物動(dòng)詞+todo與及物動(dòng)詞+doing意義上的區(qū)別（?？迹﹔emembertodo記得去做rememberdoing記得做過forgettodo忘記去做forgetdoing忘記做過stoptodo停下來去做...(另一件事情)stopdoing停止做（一直在做的事情）trytodo努力做……trydoing嘗試做……meantodo計(jì)劃去做meandoing意味做goontodo繼續(xù)做(另一件事情)goondoing（一直在做的事情）[比較]Heforgottoturnoffthelight.他忘了關(guān)燈。(沒關(guān))Heforgotturningoffthelight.他忘記關(guān)過燈。(關(guān)了)Pleaseremembertoringmeup.記得給我打電話。(還沒打電話)Iremembercallingyouyesterdaybutyouforgot.我記得昨天給你打電話了,但是你忘記了。(打過電話)（3）及物動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+wh-疑問詞+不定式(作賓語(yǔ))[說明]tell(告訴)/show(顯示)/know(知道)/ask(問)/findout(發(fā)現(xiàn))/understand(明白)/wonder(疑惑)/learn(學(xué)會(huì))/forget(忘記)/remember(記得)/teachsb.(教某人)/discuss(商討)whatwhere+how+to(do)whowhich……不定式疑問形式還可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例：Hedoesnotknowwhichonetotake.他不知道該選哪個(gè)。Tellmehowtogettothestation.告訴我怎么樣去火車站。Sheaskedmewhattodofortoday’shomework.她問我今天家庭作業(yè)做什么。Canyouteachmehowtosearchtheinternet?你能教我怎樣上網(wǎng)嗎？【注意】不定式作賓語(yǔ)而后面又有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用it代替作形式賓語(yǔ),而不定式則后置。例：Ifounditnotveryeasytolearntorideabike.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)騎車不很容易。WeChatmakesitcomvenientforpeopletocommunicatewithothers.微信讓人們與他人溝通變得方便。3、作定語(yǔ)放在名詞或代詞后面。（1）記住下面的一些?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)：被修飾部分+不定式(作后置定語(yǔ))漢語(yǔ)意思akeytolockthedoor鎖門的鑰匙aboxtoholdthesethings裝這些東西的箱子giveherabooktoread給她一本書讀Isthereany(+名詞/代詞)to(do)?有…要(做的)嗎?It’stimetogo.是走的時(shí)間了。/該走了。Doyouhaveanyworktodo?你有工作要做嗎?I’dlikesomethingtoeat.我要點(diǎn)兒吃的。Ihavenothingtosay.我沒有話要說。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你要點(diǎn)兒喝的嗎？（2）如果不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面必須加介詞。例：Theycouldnotfindaplacetolivein.他們找不到住的地方。Pleasegivemeachairtositon.請(qǐng)給我一張椅子坐坐。Hehasgotawritingbrushtowritewith.他找到了寫字的毛筆。4、作狀語(yǔ)（1）放在不及物動(dòng)詞(come,go,stop,finish,wait等詞)的后面。例：Hecametoseeheryesterday.他昨天來看望她。(表示來的目的)Istoppedtohavearest.我停下來休息一會(huì)兒。(表示停下來的目的)（2）放在完整的謂語(yǔ)之后(即“謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”、“謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”、“動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”后)例：Wecleanedtheroomtolethimplayinit.我們打掃了房間以便讓他在里面玩。Iopenedthewindowtoseemoreclearly.我打開窗子以便看得更清楚點(diǎn)兒。（3）作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以放在句首。例：Toarrivethereontime,Igotuponehourearlierthanusual.為了按時(shí)到達(dá),我們比平時(shí)早起了一個(gè)小時(shí)。(表示早起的目的)（4）不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：sb+adj+todo.例：Iamsorrytohearthat.聽到這個(gè)我非常難過。Iamgladtoseeyou.很高興見到你。5、作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：連系動(dòng)詞+todo。例：Myjobistokeepthegoal.我的工作就是守住球門。Mydreamistobeadoctor.我的夢(mèng)想是做一名醫(yī)生。6、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(務(wù)必牢記)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(作賓補(bǔ))ask(請(qǐng))/tell(告訴)/teach(教)/want(想要)/wouldlike(想要)/get(讓)/help(幫)/invite(邀請(qǐng))/like(喜歡)/warn(警告)/order(命令)/encourage(鼓勵(lì))/allow(允許)+sb./sth.+todomake(使得)/let(讓)/hear(聽)/see(看)/feel(感覺)/watch(觀看)/have(使得)/help(幫助)+sb./sth.+do例：Mumaskedmetohelpherwiththecooking.Iwouldlikeyoutoseemyparents.Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.Nowletmehearyouplaytheviolin.[注意]help之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略；hear/see/feel/watch之后的賓補(bǔ)用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),含義不同,需特別注意【比較】IheardhercryingwhenIwalkedpast.我路過時(shí)聽到她正在哭。(指當(dāng)時(shí)瞬間的情況)Isatnearherandheardhersingthenewsong.我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌。(指整個(gè)過程)【典例訓(xùn)練】1.Wheneveryouhaveachance

English,youshouldtakeit.A.speak

B.tospeak

C.spoke

D.speaks2.—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme____onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A.

togo

B.go

C.going

D.went3.Taketimelorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.

Relaxingallowsyou

toyourstudentswithmoreenergy.

A.return

B.toreturn

C.returningD.tobereturned4.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theyprefer

TVorlistentomusicrather

than

newspapers.A.watching;read

B.watching;toread

C.towatch;read

D.towatch;reading5.MrWangdoeswhathecan________usimproveourEnglish.A.help

B.tohelp

C.helping

D.helped6.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_______.A.togoout

B.nottogoout

C.tonotgoout

D.notgoingout【課堂小結(jié)】類型用法/相關(guān)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)：it句型：作賓語(yǔ)（vt+todo固定搭配）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（vtsbtodo）作狀語(yǔ)be+adj+todo（原因）；（inorder）todo(目的)too+adj+todo;beadjenoughtodoVt+todo/vt+doing辨析【真題鏈接】1.“Nowwearetryingourbest15thepenguineggs.Doyouwanttohelpme?”Dadasked.（2024廣州中考）A.protect B.toprotect C.protecting D.protected2.Hewasnotfastenough___4___theworms(蟲子)MamaBirdbroughtback.(2023廣州中考）A.get B.got C.getting D.toget3.Mydadaskedme___6___itintothekitchen.（2022廣州中考）A.bring B.bringing C.brought D.tobring4.Thecornwassavedallbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbest___15___whatitcould.（2021廣州中考）A.do B.doing C.todo D.did【學(xué)以致用】1.Tom’smothertoldhim_____eatingtoomuchmeat.A.stopping

B.tostop

C.stops

D.stopped2.WaterParkisagoodplace_.A.tohavefun

B.havefun

C.havingfun

D.tohaveafun3.Itisveryimportantforus________Englishwell.A.learn

B.learning

C.tolearn

D.learned4.Boysandgirls,

attention,please.Nowletmetellyou____totheBirdIsland.A.howtoget

B.whattoget

C.whomtoget

D.wheretoget5.Mymotheraskedme_____theroom.A.clean

B.cleans

C.toclean6.Kittywouldrather______totheparkthanwatchTV.A.togo

B.go

C.going

D.goes7.Bruceoftenasksme______himtoplaytheguitar.A.teach

B.toteach

C.taught

D.teaches8.Manystudentssaidthattheywerewillingtoworkhardtomaketheirdreams_______true.A.come

B.came

C.comesD.tocome9.Pleasetellthestudents________toomuchnoiseinclass.A.tomake

B.totake

C.nottotake

D.nottomake10.—Thedoctortoldme____toomuchbutIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.Thelessyoudrink,

______youwillbe.A.don'tdrink;thehealthier

B.nottodrink;thehealthierC.nottodrink;themorehealthier

D.don'tdrink;healthier11.Myparentsoftenaskme_________toomuchtime______computergames.A.nottospend;playing

B.nottospend;toplay

C.tonotspend;play12.Parentsoftenaskus_____waterinourlife.A.save

B.savin

C.tosave

D.saves13.Remember________thebooktothelibrarywhenyoufinish_______it.A.toreturn;toread

B.returning;readingC.toreturn;reading

D.returning;toread14.

Morn

does

all

the

housework

so

that

Sarah

can

take

the

time_____her

words

on

paper

A.

put

B.

putting

C.

to

put

D.

puts15..

In

those

days,

people

got

no

chance

____to

read

and

write.

A.

learn

B.

to

learn

C.

learning

D.

learned

16.Tell

him_____

the

window.A.

toshut

not

B.

not

to

shut

C.

to

notshut

D.don’tto

shut

17.Inhis

e-mail,

David

promised

_____

his

daughterduring

her

stay

in

Japan.A.

visiting

B.

visit

C.

visited

D.

to

visit18.DoIneed____abus?

Yes,

No

3

bus

will

takeyou

thereA

taking

B.

to

take.

C

takes

D.

take19.—I

don’t

knowwhat______

_for

my

littlesister.—Askirt

is

OKA

.tobuy

B.

buying

C

to

read

D.

reading20.—Why

did

youbuy

so

many

flowers!

—mywife,

I

did

something

wrong

yesterday.

She

is

still

angry

withme.A.

Please

B.To

please

C.

Pleasing

D.

Be

pleased【知行合一】一、選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Ifpricesrisetoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething_________it.A.stop

B.stopped

C.stopping

D.tostop2.Whattimedoyouexpecther________?A.arrive

B.isarriving

C.arriving

D.toarrive3.Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________,George?A.whattoworkout

B.toworkitout

C.howtoworkitout

D.howtoworkoutit4.

Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,itwillmakeyou______.A.laugh

B.tolaugh

C.laughing

D.laughed5.—Ifeeltiredandsleepy.—Whynot?

A.rest

B.torest

C.resting

D.rested6.Driversshouldn’tbeallowed_____afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.drive

B.driving

C.todriveD.drove7.Weshouldbemorecareful

muchtimeoncomputergames.A.nottospend

B.tonotspend

C.nottocost

D.nottaketo8.Sheusedto

inthemorning,butnowsheisusedto

atnight.A.read,read

B.read,reading

C.reading,read

D.reading,reading9.

—Don’tforget_____yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.

—Thanks.Iwon’t.A.bring

B.tobring

C.bringingD.brought10.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus

?A.howtodo

B.whattodoit

C.howtodoit

D.whatshouldtodo11.Teachersoftentellus_____intheriverafterschool.A.don'tswim

B.notswim

C.nottoswim12.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.A.

help

B.helping

C.tohelp

D.helps13.Wecanmakeafire______theroomwarmsothatwecanchatforawhile.

B.keeping

C.keep

D.kept14.Ourparentsoftentellusnot____aloneintheriverinsummer.A.swimB.toswimC.swimming15.IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketballthanI______formylessons.A.spendtoprepare

B.dopreparing

C.dotoprepare

D.spendprepare16.—Pleasetelltheboys

anynoise.Mybabyissleeping.—OK.I’lldoitatonce.A.notmake

B.tomake

C.nottomake17.Theassistantwon’tletyou______thecinemaifyouhaven’taticket.A.enter

B.toenter

C.entering

18.Thefinalexamiscoming.Ourteacherstellus_____time.A.nottowaste

B.notwaste

C.don’twaste19.—Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?—_______fortheEnglishtest,Iguess.A.Tostudy

B.Study

C.Studied

D.Studying20.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetter.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood.A.eat

B.toeat

C.eating

D.ate二、完形填空Septemberisthetimeforstudentstogobacktoschool!ForChinesestudents,mostschoolsstartonthesameday.Wewillsharesummerstorieswiththesameclassmates__1__thefirst-yearstudents.ButinUSschools,studentsgetreadyforclassesalittle__2__．Firstofall,USschoolsdon'tallstartonthesameday.ClassesbeginanytimebetweenAugustandSeptember.Every__3__decideswhentobegintheirclasses.Ifsummersaretoo__4__，thenschoolwillusuallystartalittlelater.Everyyearweusuallyseethesameteachersandclassmates,butUSstudentshavesomebigchanges.InUShighschools,teachersdivide__5__intodifferentlevelsorfocuses.Studentscanchoosetheirfavoriteteachersandcoursesaccordingtotheirabilitiesand__6__．ThismeansthateveryyearUSstudentswill__7__differentclassroomsforeachclass.Theywillmeet__8__classmatesandteachersineachone.Also,studentswillgotoschoolafewdaysearlytogettheir__9__sothattheycanknowtheclasseseveryday.Forfirstyearstudents,thefirstdayofschoolalsomeanstheyfinallygettheirownlockers(儲(chǔ)物箱).PrimaryschoolstudentsintheUShavetoshareclosets(儲(chǔ)物柜)withtheir__10__.Butoncestudentsmakeittojuniorhightheyfinallygetone.()1.A.including B.except C.besides()2.A.early B.late C.differently()3.A.school B.city C.town()4.A.dry B.cool C.hot()5.A.students B.classes C.subjects()6.A.ages B.interests C.habits()7.A.see B.enter C.build()8.A.new B.special C.unfriendly()9.A.homework B.books C.schedule()10.A.classmates B.teachers C.owners三.閱讀理解AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833,butmovedtoRussiawithhisparentsin1842,wherehisfather,Immanuel,madeastrongpositionforhimselfintheengineeringindustry.ImmanuelNobelinve