專題04RNA破防了！我不是DNA的小弟（學(xué)生版）2025高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀與詞匯專練

2025高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀與詞匯專練專題04RNA破防了！我不是DNA的小弟！1.精編外刊閱讀2.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)3.語法填空專項(xiàng)4.課標(biāo)高頻詞專練5.外刊中的課標(biāo)詞【精編·外刊閱讀】AprimeronRNA,perhapsthemostconsequentialmoleculeofall（文章來源：Economist）文中紅色粗體為課標(biāo)詞，下面有專門的高頻課標(biāo)詞訓(xùn)練和課標(biāo)詞梳理表格Foryears,studentsofcellbiologyweretaughtthatRNAwasmerelyahumbleassistanttoDNAandproteins.DNAwasseenasthelibraryofallknowledgeandproteinsastheconstructorsofanorganism.RNAwasviewedasamessenger（信使）,carryingDNA'splanstocellworkshopsandbeingpartoftheworkshopfabric.BiologistsnowrealizethatRNAhasafarwiderrangeofjobsincellsthanearlierunderstood.ItseemslikelythatRNAevenprecedesDNAandproteinsastheoriginalmolecule（分子）oflife.ThomasCech'snewbook,"TheCatalyst,"describeshowtheviewofRNAhaschanged.Inthe1980s,CechsupportedtheideathatRNAmoleculescanactasenzymes（酶）,challengingthebeliefthatonlyproteinscouldbecatalysts.In1989,hesharedtheNobelchemistryprizefordiscovering"ribozymes（核酶）".DrCech’steamfoundan"autocatalytic（自催化的）"rearrangementofanRNAmolecule.Thismolecule,meanttobeepartofaribosome（核糖體）,cutoutanunnecessarypart.Thisdiscoverychallengedthebeliefthatenzymesarealwaysproteins.Similardiscoveriesbyotherlabsquicklyfollowed,revealingothertypesofribozymes.RNAinribosomeswasdiscoveredtobecatalytic,notjuststructural.ItisRNA,nottheproteinponent,thataddsamino（氨基）acidstoagrowingproteinchain.Thisdiscoveryexcitedscientistsseekinglife’sorigin.RNA,whichcanbothstoreinformationandcatalyze（催化）reactions,mayhavebeentheearliestmoleculeoflife.EarlyRNAbasedorganismsmayhavelaterevolvedtouseDNAforinformationstorageandproteinsforcatalysis,withRNAlinkingthesemolecules.SinceDrCech’sdiscovery,manytypesofRNAhavebeenfound,involvedingeneregulationandprotectingcellsfromviralinfection.AbouthalfofmedicinesworkbytargetinggermRNAwhileleavinghumanRNAunaffected,whichisapromisingstartingpointfornewdrugs.RNAcansilencediseasecausinggeneticchangesbypairingwithanddisablingRNAmessengersfromchangedDNAsections.RNAmessengershavebeenusedtocreatecovidvaccinesandmaybeusedagainstotherdiseases,includingcertaincancers.【原創(chuàng)閱讀理解】WhatwasRNAtraditionallyviewedasincellbiology?A.AprimarymoleculeresponsibleforgeneticinheritanceB.AsecondarymoleculeassistingDNAandproteinsC.ThemainstructuralponentofcellsandtissuesD.AnenzymethatcatalyzesbiochemicalreactionsHowcantheword"catalysts"beinterpretedinthecontextofthispassage?A.ThingsthatslowdownchemicalreactionsincellsB.ProteinsthatsupportandmaintaincellstructuresC.MoleculesthatcarrygeneticinformationtocellsD.SubstancesthathelpspeedupchemicalreactionsWhyisRNAimportantinthestudyoflife'sorigin?A.RNA'sabilitytoactasbothgeneticmaterialandanenzymesupportstheoriesofearlylifeB.RNA'sstabilityandversatilitymakeitessentialforunderstandingearlylifeC.RNA'ssimplicityparedtoDNAandproteinssuggestsitwasthefirstbiologicalmoleculeD.RNA'spresenceinearlyorganismsunderscoresitsevolutionaryimportanceWhatdoesthearticleimplyaboutthefuturepossibilitiesforRNAinmedicine?A.RNAwilllikelybeethemainfocusofgeneticresearch,overshadowingDNAB.RNAbasedtherapieshavethepotentialtorevolutionizetreatmentforvariousdiseasesC.RNA'sroleincellularfunctionssuggestsitwillreplaceproteinsinmanytherapiesD.RNAapplicationsarelimited,buttheyshowpromiseinspecializedfieldslikeoncology【原創(chuàng)語法填空】Foryears,studentsofcellbiologyweretaughtthatRNAwasmerelyanassistanttoDNAandproteins.DNA____1____(consider)thelibraryofallknowledge,andproteinswereseenasthebuildersofanorganism.RNAwasviewedasamessenger,____2____(carry)DNA'sinstructionstocellworkshops.BiologistsnowrealizethatRNAperformsamuch____3____(wide)rangeofjobsincells.ThomasCech'sbook,"TheCatalyst,"highlightshowperceptionsofRNAhavechanged.Inthe1980s,CechproposedthatRNAmoleculescanactasenzymes,challengingthebeliefthatonlyproteinscouldbecatalysts.In1989,hewontheNobelPrizefordiscovering"ribozymes."Histeamidentified____4____"autocatalytic"RNAmolecule____5____removedanunnecessaryparttobeepartofaribosome.Otherlabsquicklymadesimilar____6____(discovery),identifyingmoreribozymes.RNAinribosomeswasfoundtobecatalytic,notjuststructural.ItisRNA,notprotein,____7____addsaminoacidstoagrowingproteinchain.RNA,capableofstoringinformationandcatalyzingreactions,mayhavebeentheearliestmoleculeoflife.EarlyRNAbasedorganismsmighthaveevolvedtouseDNAforinformationstorageandproteinsforcatalysis,____8____RNAlinkingthesemolecules.AbouthalfofmedicinesworkbytargetinggermRNAwhileleavinghumanRNAunaffected.RNAmessengers____9____(use)tocreateCOVID19vaccinesandmightbeusedagainstotherdiseases,____10____(include)cancers.【原創(chuàng)·課標(biāo)高頻詞訓(xùn)練】Itis__________(necessary)toprovidefurtherproofwhentheevidenceisalreadyoverwhelming.Ourcurrent__________(store)capabilitiesareinsufficientforthevolumeofdatawehandledaily.Thegovernment'snew__________(regulate)onemissionshassparkedcontroversyamongcarmanufacturers.Overmillionsofyears,animals__________(evolve)specializedtraitstosurviveintheirhabitats.Thecampaign__________(target)demographicincludesyoungadultsaged1825.Scientistsconstantly__________(seek)tounderstandtheunderlyingcausesofplexdiseases.Thestudy__________(reveal)significantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Thetemperature__________(range)inthisregioncanvarydramaticallybetweendayandnight.The__________(origin)manuscriptofthenovelispreservedinthenationallibrary.Themitteeis__________(mere)advisoryandhasnodecisionmakingpowers.Giventhecurrentcircumstances,i