教材知識(shí)全梳理23人教版2019必修二Unit1CulturalHeriage（詞匯短語(yǔ)句式）原卷版

Unit1CulturalHeritage詞匯1．creativelyadv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→creativeadj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→createvt.創(chuàng)造→creativityn．創(chuàng)造性；創(chuàng)造力2．promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級(jí)→promotionn．提升；推銷；晉級(jí)3．a(chǎn)pplicationn．申請(qǐng)(表)；應(yīng)用(程序)→applyvt.&vi.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用→applicantn．申請(qǐng)人4．proposaln．提議；建議→proposevt.提議；建議5．Faradj.遠(yuǎn)的→furtheradj.（比較級(jí)）更遠(yuǎn)，進(jìn)一步6．limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定→limitedadj.有限的；受限制的→limitlessadj.無(wú)限的；無(wú)盡的7．preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓→preventionn．防止；預(yù)防8．lossn.喪失；損失→losevt.丟失→lostadj.迷路的；失去的9．contributionn．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)→contributevi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)；捐助10．donatevt.捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→donationn．捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送11．disappearvi.消失；滅絕；消亡→disappearancen．消失；滅絕→(反義詞)appearvi.出現(xiàn)→appearancen．出現(xiàn)；外表12．professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n．專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)選手→professionn．專業(yè)；職業(yè)→professorn．教授13．traditionn．傳統(tǒng)；傳統(tǒng)的信仰或風(fēng)俗→traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的14．historyn．歷史→historicadj.歷史上著名的；有史時(shí)期的短語(yǔ)preserve/protect...from...保護(hù)……免受……applyto 應(yīng)用;適用applyfor申請(qǐng)applyoneselfto(doing)sth.努力/專注于某事givewayto讓步;屈服giveaway贈(zèng)送；泄露giveup放棄giveout分發(fā);耗盡giveback歸還giveoff散發(fā)出；釋放出givein（to）（向……）屈服keep/lose(one’s)balance保持/失去平衡keepthebalancebetween...and...保持…和…之間的平衡keepabalanceddiet 保持均衡飲食makeaproposal提出建議proposedoingsth. 提議做某事proposethat...(should)+do 提議……belikelytodosth.可能做某事It’slikelythat... 很可能……sufferagreatloss遭受重大損失belostin專注于;迷失于belostinthought 陷入沉思beataloss不知所措makecontributionsto/makeacontributionto對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)contributeto 有助于,促成,投稿withoutlimit無(wú)限制地limit...to將……限制在beyondthelimit超過(guò)限度setalimitto對(duì)……設(shè)定限度Prevent/stop/discourage...(from)阻止…做…keep...from阻止……做……attempttodosth.=makeanattempttodosth.企圖/嘗試做某事Itisworthwhiletodo/doingsth.值得做……beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone值得做……beworthdoing值得做……leadto導(dǎo)致leadsb.to...把某人帶到……lead/live/havea...life過(guò)著……的生活takepartin參與(某事);參加(某活動(dòng))takeanactivepartin積極參加playapart/rolein在……扮演角色;起作用turnto向……求助turndown調(diào)?。痪芙^turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)turnin=handin=givein上交turnout證明是；結(jié)果是turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)；翻身turninto變成donate...to向……捐贈(zèng)……makeadonationto向……捐贈(zèng)allovertheworld世界各地

worktogether 共同合作workon 從事于forgivesb.for(doing)sth.原諒某人(做)某事forgivesb.’sdoingsth.原諒某人做某事byparison(尤用于句首)比較起來(lái),較之inparisonwith和……相比pare...to/with和……相比pare...to把……比作contrastAwithB比較A和Bincontrastto/with與……比較起來(lái)/形成對(duì)比incontrast比較起來(lái);與此相反bycontrast相比之下;與之相比identifysthwithsth把……等同于…identifysbwithsth把某人視為...begone’spardon乞求某人原諒tellrightfromwrong 辨別是非makesure確保;設(shè)法保證句式Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)，在走向未來(lái)的過(guò)程中，我們不可能將過(guò)去的一切都保存下來(lái)。Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國(guó)家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來(lái)發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國(guó)家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來(lái)的可能性。BysharingsomanydigitalphotosovertheInternet,thegrouphopestopromoteevenwiderinterestaroundtheworldinChina’sancienthistory,culture,andtraditions.這些科學(xué)家和研究者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上分享了大量（有關(guān)莫高窟的）電子照片，希望在世界范圍內(nèi)促使人們對(duì)中國(guó)古代歷史和文化習(xí)俗產(chǎn)生更廣泛的興趣。4.AgroupofprofessionalsworktogethertohelpincreaseknowledgeandappreciationofChina’sancientculturalheritage.專家們通力合作，旨在加強(qiáng)人們對(duì)中國(guó)文化古代遺址方面的認(rèn)識(shí)和鑒賞力。5.Youcanmakeaplanandsticktoit,thenyoumayfinditnotasdifficultasitappears.你可以制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃，并堅(jiān)持下去，隨后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它并不像看起來(lái)那樣困難。教材話題題型綜合訓(xùn)練詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（一）1．createvt.創(chuàng)造→adv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→adj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的2．a(chǎn)pplyv.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用→n.申請(qǐng)(表)；用途；運(yùn)用；應(yīng)用(程序)→n.申請(qǐng)人3．balancen.平衡；均勻vt.使平衡→adj.平衡的；均衡的4．proposev.提議；建議→n.提議；建議5．establishvt.建立；創(chuàng)立→n.建立；創(chuàng)立6．limitn.限制；限度vt.限定；限制→adj.有限的→adj.無(wú)限的7．preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓→n.預(yù)防；防止；防范8．losev.丟失；損失→n.喪失；損失9．contributev.捐獻(xiàn)；捐助→n.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)10．investigatevi.&vt.調(diào)查；研究→n.調(diào)查；研究11．donatevt.(尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu))捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→n.捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送12．a(chǎn)ppearvi.出現(xiàn)→appearancen.出現(xiàn)；外表→vi.消失；滅絕；消亡→n.消失；滅絕；消亡【答案】1．creativelycreative2．a(chǎn)pplicationapplicant3．balanced4．proposal5．establishment6．limitedlimitless7．prevention8．loss9．contribution10．investigation11．donation12．disappeardisappearance詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（二）13．n.&vt.挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑→adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的；挑釁的14．vt.獲得，得到→adj.已獲得的→n.取得；獲得；學(xué)到的東西15．n.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)；行進(jìn)vt.&vi.發(fā)展，進(jìn)步→adj.高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的→n發(fā)展16．a(chǎn)dj.令人大為驚奇的，令人驚喜的→vt.使驚奇；使驚詫→adj.感到大為驚奇的→n.驚詫；驚奇17．n.信心，信任，把握→adj.自信的；確信的18．a(chǎn)dj.相等的；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)膎.同等的人(物)linkingv.與......相等vt.比得上→adv.同樣地；相等地，平等地；另外→n.平等；相等19．a(chǎn)dj.有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的；可靠的→n.責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)20．a(chǎn)dj.自主的，有主見(jiàn)的；自立的→n.獨(dú)立；自主→adv.獨(dú)立地；自主地21．vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)(依據(jù))n.根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)；基底；總部，大本營(yíng)→adj.以……為基礎(chǔ)；基地在→n.基礎(chǔ)；準(zhǔn)則；依據(jù)22．n.提議，建議，動(dòng)議→v.建議；打算；求婚23．n.目的，目標(biāo)vi.&vt.力爭(zhēng)做到；目的是；針對(duì)→adj.無(wú)目標(biāo)的；無(wú)目的的24．a(chǎn)dj.職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的；有職業(yè)的；嫻熟的，精通業(yè)務(wù)的n.專門人員，專業(yè)人士→n.職業(yè)，行業(yè)25．n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；捐贈(zèng)→v.促成；貢獻(xiàn)；投(稿)；捐獻(xiàn)26．a(chǎn)dv.幸運(yùn)地，幸虧→adj.幸運(yùn)的→adv.不幸地；遺憾地→n.運(yùn)氣；大量財(cái)產(chǎn)；命運(yùn)→n.不幸，災(zāi)禍27．vt.吸引，使喜愛(ài)；招引；引起(反應(yīng))→adj.吸引人的；有魅力的；引起興趣的→引力；吸引人的事物n.吸引力【答案】13．challengechallenging14．a(chǎn)cquireacquiredacquisition15．a(chǎn)dvanceadvancedadvancement16．a(chǎn)mazingamazeamazedamazement17．confidenceconfident18．equalequallyequality19．responsibleresponsibility20．independentindependenceindependently21．basebasedbasis22．proposalpropose23．a(chǎn)imaimless24．professionalprofession25．contributioncontribute26．fortunatelyfortunateunfortunatelyfortunemisfortune27．a(chǎn)ttractattractiveattraction詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（三）28．a(chǎn)pplyvi.&vt.申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求vt.應(yīng)用；涂（油漆、乳劑）→n.應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)→n.申請(qǐng)人；求職人29．a(chǎn)mazevt.使吃驚；使驚訝→adj.令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的→adj.驚奇的；驚喜的→n.驚奇；驚詫30．a(chǎn)rrangevt.安排→n.安排；籌備31．powerv.給……提供動(dòng)力n.能力；力量；權(quán)力→adj.強(qiáng)有力的；有權(quán)勢(shì)的；有影響力的→adj.無(wú)力的；沒(méi)有能力的32．officen.辦公室；官職→adj.官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的n.官員；要員33．a(chǎn)dmirevt.欽佩；贊賞→n.崇拜；贊賞→adj.令人贊賞的34．a(chǎn)cmodatevt.提供住處→n.住處；膳宿35．a(chǎn)rchitectn.建筑設(shè)計(jì)師→n.建筑設(shè)計(jì)；建筑學(xué)36．transportn.交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)vt.運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送→n.運(yùn)輸37．economyn.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約→adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的【答案】28．a(chǎn)pplicationapplicant29．a(chǎn)mazingamazedamazement30．a(chǎn)rrangement31．powerfulpowerless32．official33．a(chǎn)dmirationadmirable34．a(chǎn)cmodation35．a(chǎn)rchitecture36．transportation37．economic完成句子38．Inanefforttoreducetrafficcongestion,thecitycouncilhasproposed

(對(duì)……規(guī)定限制)thenumberofprivatevehiclesallowedinthedowntownarea.【答案】settingalimitto【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了減少交通擁堵，市議會(huì)提議對(duì)市中心允許的私家車數(shù)量進(jìn)行限制。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)setalimitto符合句意；結(jié)合proposedoingsth.“建議做某事”可知，空處應(yīng)填該短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故填settingalimitto。39．I(提出建議)atthemeeting,butsadlyitwasturneddown.【答案】madeaproposal【詳解】考查固定搭配和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我在會(huì)上提出了一個(gè)建議，但遺憾的是被拒絕了?！疤岢鼋ㄗh”可表示為makeaproposal，proposal為可數(shù)名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句中的was可知，這里表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填①made；②a；③proposal。40．I’msorrytobotheryou,butIdon’tknowanyoneelseto(尋求幫助)forhelp.【答案】turnto【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：很抱歉打擾你，但我不知道還有誰(shuí)可以求助。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“尋求幫助”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turnto，動(dòng)詞原形和to構(gòu)成不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾anyone。故填①turn；②to。41．I’dliketo(提議)thatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoourstudyhabits.(proposal)【答案】makeaproposal【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我想提出一個(gè)建議，我們應(yīng)該更加注意我們的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思提示可知，此處為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)makeaproposal“提議”，滿足句意要求，結(jié)合空前to不定式可知，為動(dòng)詞原形。故分別填make；a；proposal。42．Heshould(讓步)ayoungerandmoredecisiveleader.(way)【答案】givewayto【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：他應(yīng)該讓位于一位更年輕、更果斷的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。根據(jù)中英文提示，這里應(yīng)用固定短語(yǔ)givewayto，意為“讓位于，讓步于”?？涨坝星閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞should，這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填give；way；to。43．最近她已經(jīng)提出了增強(qiáng)社區(qū)回收計(jì)劃的建議。Recently,shetoenhancethemunity’srecyclingprogram.【答案】hasmadeaproposal【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)?！疤岢觥睘槎陶Z(yǔ)makeaproposal，由句意“已經(jīng)提出了”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是she，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has，故填hasmadeaproposal。44．Thereareplentyofpeopleyoucan(求助于)foradvice.【答案】turnto【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：你可以向很多人尋求建議。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，所設(shè)空處意為“求助于”，根據(jù)空格數(shù)及“foradvice”可知，此處為固定短語(yǔ)turntosbforsth，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填①turn；②to。Findingandtheright(保持平衡)betweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeabigchallenge.【答案】keepingbalance【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞。句意：在進(jìn)步與文化遺址保護(hù)之間找到并保持適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶馐且粋€(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示，可知為keepbalance“保持平衡”。第一個(gè)設(shè)空處和and前的finding并列，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的形式作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)為keeping；第二個(gè)設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，balance“平衡”符合題意，抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填①keeping②balance。46．Thatisthesite(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)洞穴)fullofBuddhastatues.(用定語(yǔ)從句)【答案】wheretheyfound/discoveredcaves【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句和動(dòng)詞。句意：這就是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了滿是佛像的洞穴的地方。分析句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意，表示“他們”應(yīng)為they，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”應(yīng)為find或者discover，結(jié)合句意可知，此處描述的過(guò)去的事情，所以從句使用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)為found或者discovered，表示“洞穴”應(yīng)為caves，從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，所以使用關(guān)系副詞，先行詞site表示地點(diǎn)，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為where。故填wheretheyfound/discoveredcaves。47．(這里曾有一座寺廟),butnowthereareonlyhighbuildings.【答案】Thereusedtobeatemple【詳解】考查名詞和固定句型。句意：以前有一座寺廟，但現(xiàn)在只有高樓大廈。根據(jù)提示的漢語(yǔ)，表示“有”應(yīng)使用therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“曾經(jīng)有”應(yīng)為thereusedtobe，表示“一座廟”應(yīng)為atemple，所以，表示“這里曾有一座寺廟”應(yīng)為thereusedtobeatemple，位于句首時(shí)，there的首字母需大寫。故填Thereusedtobeatemple。閱讀理解GahrielaworkedforamultinationalpanyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBrazil.LatershewastransferredtomanageateaminSweden.Shewasexcitedabouthernewrolebutsoonrealizedthatmanaginghernewteamwouldbeachallenge.Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposalsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutisintheirownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.Whensheannouncedherdecisionsontheproject,theywouldcontinuegivingtheiropinionsasifitwasstillupfordiscussion.WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasacultureshockinexpectations.DutchpsychologistGeertHofstedeusestheconceptof“powerdistance”todescribehowpowerisdistributed(分布)indifferentcultures.Inherpreviousworkenvironment,Gabrielawasusedtoahighpowerdistanceculturewherepowerisrespected.Insuchaculture,leadersmakethebigdecisionsandarenotoftenchallenged.HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewhereemployeesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leadersactascoacheswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.Pleasedtobeaskedfortheirthoughts,Gabriela’steamopenlyexpressedthattheywerenotusedtobeingtoldwhattodo.Theyenjoyedhavingmoreroomforinitiativeandcreativefreedom.Whenshetoldherteamexactlywhatsheneededthemtodo,theyfeltthatshedidn’ttrustthemtodotheirjobwell.Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.48．WhatproblemdidGabrielahavewithherSwedishteamatthebeginning?A．HerSwedishstaffdidn’tunderstandherinstructions.B．Theywerealwaysrefusingtofollowherdirections.C．HerauthoritywaschallengedbyherSwedishstaff.D．Theylookeddownuponherbecauseshewasafemale.49．WhatisencouragedintheworkingcultureinSweden?A．Independentthinkingandmildcharacter. B．petitivespiritandmildcharacter.C．Professionalspiritandrisktakingbehavior. D．Activeparticipationandcreativethinking.50．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGabriela?A．Bossyandrude. B．Flexibleandmunicative.C．Kingbutstubborn. D．Strictbuttrustworthy.51．WhatcanwelearnfromGabriela’sstory?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B．WheninRome,doasRomansdo.C．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether. D．Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.【答案】48．C49．A50．B51．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。加布里埃拉到了瑞典的一個(gè)新的工作團(tuán)隊(duì)之后覺(jué)得自己的員工不夠尊重自己的權(quán)威，后來(lái)她意識(shí)到自己正在經(jīng)歷期望值上的文化沖擊。于是她與員工良好溝通，靈活調(diào)整，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，有效地激勵(lì)她的團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。48．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposalsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutisintheirownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.(盡管他們很友好，但加布里埃拉并不覺(jué)得自己是一個(gè)受尊重的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。她的新員工會(huì)在會(huì)議上公開質(zhì)疑她的建議，當(dāng)她給他們指示如何執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)，他們往往會(huì)按照自己的方式行事，而不征求她的意見(jiàn)。)”可知，加布里埃拉一開始覺(jué)得在瑞典團(tuán)隊(duì)里自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)威被挑釁。故選C。49．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewhereemployeesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leadersactascoacheswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.(然而，她的瑞典團(tuán)隊(duì)習(xí)慣于在低權(quán)力距離文化中工作，在這種文化中，員工經(jīng)常與老板一起尋找解決方案并做出決定。在這里，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者扮演教練的角色，鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，并期待挑戰(zhàn)。)”和第二段第一句“Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.(盡管他們很友好，但加布里埃拉并不覺(jué)得自己是一個(gè)受尊重的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。)”可知，瑞典的工作文化鼓勵(lì)思想獨(dú)立、性格溫和。故選A。50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.(當(dāng)加布里埃拉意識(shí)到她和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的文化差異時(shí)，她與他們進(jìn)行了一次公開的對(duì)話，了解他們對(duì)她的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感受。)”和最后一段“Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.(在更好地理解了彼此行為背后的潛在原因后，加布里埃拉能夠調(diào)整自己的管理風(fēng)格。最后，她有效地激勵(lì)她的團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。)”可知，加布里埃拉是一個(gè)靈活且善于溝通的人。故選B。51．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasacultureshockinexpectations.(加布里埃拉所經(jīng)歷的是一種期望值上的文化沖擊。)”，第四段“WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shehadanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.(當(dāng)加布里埃拉意識(shí)到她和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的文化差異時(shí)，她與他們進(jìn)行了一次公開的對(duì)話，了解他們對(duì)她的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感受。)”和最后一段“Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.Finally,sheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.(在更好地理解了彼此行為背后的潛在原因后，加布里埃拉能夠調(diào)整自己的管理風(fēng)格。最后，她有效地激勵(lì)她的團(tuán)隊(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。)”可知，文章講述了一個(gè)面對(duì)文化差異靈活調(diào)整入鄉(xiāng)隨俗的故事。故選B。七選五Londonis,withoutdoubt,oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.52AlthoughtherearesimilaritiesbetweenLondonandsomecitiesofAmerica,don’texpectittobethesame.IfyouareanAmericaninLondonlookingforadvicetohelpyouadjusttothenewenvironment,youarereadingtherightarticle.53It’sreallysomethingthatmaymakeyoufalloutoflovewiththismagicalcity.DependingonwhichAmericanstateyoulivein,justlikeotherbigcities,thecostoflivinginLondonisoneofthehighest.ItisoneofthetopplaintsofpeoplewhojustmovedtoLondonfromtheUS,mostlyiftheycamefromsmallerstates.Preparingyourpockettoabsorbtheshockyouwillreceiveisnotenough.JustlikewheninRome,doastheRomansdo,whenyougotoLondon,behaveliketheLondoners.54Let’ssayyouleftyourcoatonthechairafterdinner.ALondonerwillsayyourcoatisonthechairinsteadoftellingyoutopickitup.Whenyouhearthingslikethis,don’tbesurprised,butliveyourlifelikethem.55Thelastoneisaseeminglyoddone:learntounderstandEnglish.Don’tbesurprisedthatyouwillnotunderstandsomeofthethingstheEnglishmenaresaying.Itisnotbecauseyoudon’tunderstandthelanguage.56Thenameswecallsomemonthingsalsodifferfromtheirs.ToavoidbeinglostwhenspeakingwithmostLondoners,prepareyourselftorelearntheEnglishyoualreadyknow.A．Thereasonistheiraccents.B．Thisway,youwillnotbeleftout.C．Don’tforgetwhereyouefrom.D．Tostartwith,prepareforthehighcostofliving.E．That’swhyweshouldavoidsayingthingsinadirectmanner.F．However,foranAmerican,livinginthiscityeswithaprice.G．Forinstance,inLondon,peopledon’taskanyonetodosomethingdirectly.【答案】52．F53．D54．G55．B56．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了作為美國(guó)人如何融入到倫敦的生活中。52．上文“Londonis,withoutdoubt,oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.”（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，倫敦是世界上最美麗的城市之一。）說(shuō)明倫敦的優(yōu)勢(shì)，是世界上最美麗的城市之一，并結(jié)合下文“AlthoughtherearesimilaritiesbetweenLondonandsomecitiesofAmerica,don’texpectittobethesame.IfyouareanAmericaninLondonlookingforadvicetohelpyouadjusttothenewenvironment,youarereadingtherightarticle.”（盡管倫敦和美國(guó)的一些城市有相似之處，但不要指望它們是一樣的。如果你是一個(gè)在倫敦的美國(guó)人，正在尋求幫助你適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的建議，那么你讀對(duì)了這篇文章。）說(shuō)明倫敦和美國(guó)的一些城市還是有差異的，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“However,foranAmerican,livinginthiscityeswithaprice.”（然而，對(duì)于一個(gè)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活在這個(gè)城市是有代價(jià)的。）與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，“l(fā)ivinginthiscity”和上文中的“London”相呼應(yīng)，“foranAmerican”和下文中的“IfyouareanAmericaninLondon”相呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。53．下文“It’sreallysomethingthatmaymakeyoufalloutoflovewiththismagicalcity.DependingonwhichAmericanstateyoulivein,justlikeotherbigcities,thecostoflivinginLondonisoneofthehighest.ItisoneofthetopplaintsofpeoplewhojustmovedtoLondonfromtheUS,mostlyiftheycamefromsmallerstates.”（它真的會(huì)讓你對(duì)這座神奇的城市失去愛(ài)。就像其他大城市一樣，倫敦的生活成本也是最高的之一，這取決于你住在美國(guó)的哪個(gè)州。這是剛從美國(guó)搬到倫敦的人(大多來(lái)自較小的州)抱怨最多的問(wèn)題之一。）說(shuō)明倫敦的生活成本高是剛從美國(guó)搬到倫敦的人面臨的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。D項(xiàng)“Tostartwith,prepareforthehighcostofliving.”（首先，為高昂的生活成本做好準(zhǔn)備。）銜接后文恰當(dāng)。故選D項(xiàng)。54．上文“JustlikewheninRome,doastheRomansdo,whenyougotoLondon,behaveliketheLondoners.”（就像入鄉(xiāng)隨俗一樣，去倫敦要像倫敦人一樣。）說(shuō)明在倫敦，行為舉止就要像倫敦人一樣，并結(jié)合下文“Let’ssayyouleftyourcoatonthechairafterdinner.ALondonerwillsayyourcoatisonthechairinsteadoftellingyoutopickitup.”（比方說(shuō)，晚飯后你把外套落在椅子上了。倫敦人會(huì)說(shuō)你的大衣在椅子上，而不是讓你把它撿起來(lái)。）用具體的例子說(shuō)明倫敦人委婉提醒的行為方式，G項(xiàng)“Forinstance,inLondon,peopledon’taskanyonetodosomethingdirectly.”（例如，在倫敦，人們不會(huì)直接要求別人做某事。）銜接上文，說(shuō)明倫敦人的行為方式，并引出下文具體的事例證明，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。55．上文“Whenyouhearthingslikethis,don’tbesurprised,butliveyourlifelikethem.”（當(dāng)你聽到這樣的事情時(shí)，不要驚訝，但要像他們一樣生活。）說(shuō)明明要像倫敦人一樣生活，B項(xiàng)“Thisway,youwillnotbeleftout.”（這樣做，你就不會(huì)被排除在外了。）順接前文，做出總結(jié)。其中“Thisway”指代上文中的“l(fā)iveyourlifelikethem”，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選B項(xiàng)。56．上文“Itisnotbecauseyoudon’tunderstandthelanguage.”（這并不是因?yàn)槟悴焕斫庥⒄Z(yǔ)。）指出需要重新學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的原因不是因?yàn)椴焕斫庥⒄Z(yǔ)，A項(xiàng)“Thereasonistheiraccents.”（原因是他們的口音。）銜接上文，說(shuō)明原因是他們的口音和美國(guó)人不同，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選A項(xiàng)。完形填空StandingonthetopofMountTai,Iwatchedthesunrisingthroughthecloudandtakingitsplaceinthesky.Ihaven’tseenmany57,butIcanfeelthatseeingonefromthetopofMountTaimustbeoneofthebestwaysto58thebeautyofnature.WhenIleftforChina,the59ofclimbingMountTaihadnoteven60me.IwasgoingtoChinato61itslanguage,historyandcultureandgainabetterunderstandingofinternationalagriculturaltradebetweenmycountryandChina.NowIhavestayedinChinaforafewweeks.InBeijing,mygrouphave,62friendshipwithmanyChinesestudents.ThroughourbrokenChineseandtheir63English,wearestillabletoteacheachotheraboutourcultures.We64thatwearealljuststudentsworkingtowardsthesame65ofhavingcareers,familiesandlivesandtryingtomaketheworldbetter.Culturaldifferencesseem66—eventhelanguagealmostpletelydiffersfromourown.Buttheirdailylivesaresimilartoourownroutines(常規(guī)).67,peopleworryaboutthesamethingswedohere.Theyare68foodsafety,paycloseattentiontothegovernmentandfeeltheeffectsoftheeconomicmarkets.This69makesmerealizehowmanyculturesmycountryhasinmonwithothercountriesaroundtheworld.Moreimportantly,itmakesme70fortravel,andIamilookingforwardtohavingmore71toengageincrossculturalmunicationandlearning.57．A．clouds B．sunrises C．mountains D．tops58．A．describe B．select C．imagine D．experience59．A．thought B．a(chǎn)im C．mission D．origin60．A．belongedto B．occurredto C．fallento D．turnedto61．A．discover B．study C．spread D．update62．A．developed B．sought C．kept D．showed63．A．spoken B．brief C．poor D．unique64．A．a(chǎn)ssume B．claim C．realize D．expect65．A．chance B．reason C．function D．goal66．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．striking C．powerful D．terrible67．A．Besides B．Otherwise C．However D．Anyhow68．A．a(chǎn)ddictedto B．confusedabout C．usedto D．concernedabout69．A．a(chǎn)dventure B．course C．climbing D．journey70．A．eager B．energetic C．a(chǎn)mazed D．tired71．A．effect B．measures C．opportunities D．a(chǎn)pplications【答案】57．B58．D59．A60．B61．B62．A63．C64．C65．D66．B67．A68．D69．D70．A71．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了通過(guò)到中國(guó)旅行，作者對(duì)旅行產(chǎn)生了渴望，并期待有更多機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行跨文化交流和學(xué)習(xí)。57．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒(méi)有看過(guò)太多的日出，但是我能感覺(jué)到從泰山頂上看日出一定是體驗(yàn)大自然美的最好方式之一。A.clouds云；B.sunrises日出；C.mountains山；D.tops頂部。根據(jù)前文“StandingonthetopofMountTai,Iwatchedthesunrisingthroughthecloudandtakingitsplaceinthesky.”可知，作者看著太陽(yáng)從云層中升起，所以此處指看日出。故選B。58．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒(méi)有看過(guò)太多的日出，但是我能感覺(jué)到從泰山頂上看日出一定是體驗(yàn)大自然美的最好方式之一。A.describe描寫；B.select挑選；C.imagine想象；D.experience體驗(yàn)。根據(jù)上文“butIcanfeelthatseeingonefromthetopofMountTaimustbeoneofthebestways”和下文“thebeautyofnature.”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，作者認(rèn)為從泰山頂上看日出一定是體驗(yàn)大自然美的最好方式之一，故選D。59．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我動(dòng)身去中國(guó)的時(shí)候，我連爬泰山的念頭都沒(méi)有。A.thought想法；B.aim目的；C.mission任務(wù)；D.origin起源。根據(jù)下文“IwasgoingtoChinatoitslanguage,historyandcultureandgainabetterunderstandingofinternationalagriculturaltradebetweenmycountryandChina.”可知，作者來(lái)中國(guó)是為了學(xué)習(xí)，所以此處指作者沒(méi)有去爬泰山的想法。故選A。60．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)我動(dòng)身去中國(guó)的時(shí)候，我連爬泰山的念頭都沒(méi)有。A.belongedto屬于；B.occurredto發(fā)生；C.fallento落到……身上；D.turnedto向……求助。根據(jù)上文“ofclimbingMountTaihadnoteven”和下文“me”可知，作者沒(méi)有想過(guò)要去爬泰山，occurtosb.固定搭配，意為“某人想起”。故選B。61．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我去中國(guó)是為了學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言、歷史和文化，更好地了解我國(guó)和中國(guó)之間的國(guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)貿(mào)易。A.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.study學(xué)習(xí)；C.spread傳播；D.update更新。根據(jù)下文“wearealljuststudentsworkingtowardsthesame”可知，作者是學(xué)生，所以是來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。62．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在北京，我的小組與許多中國(guó)學(xué)生建立了友誼。A.developed發(fā)展；B.sought尋找；C.kept保留；D.showed展示。根據(jù)下文“ThroughourbrokenChineseandtheirEnglish,wearestillabletoteacheachotheraboutourcultures.”可知，作者與中國(guó)學(xué)生相互教授文化，所以作者的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員與許多中國(guó)學(xué)生建立了友誼。故選A。63．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)我們蹩腳的中文和他們?cè)愀獾挠⒄Z(yǔ)，我們?nèi)匀荒軌蚧ハ嘟淌谖覀兊奈幕?。A.spoken口語(yǔ)的；B.brief簡(jiǎn)短的；C.poor不熟練的；D.unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。根據(jù)上文“ThroughourbrokenChinese”以及and可知，空處與brokenChinese并列，所以是poorEnglish符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。64．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們意識(shí)到，我們都只是學(xué)生，朝著事業(yè)、家庭和生活的共同目標(biāo)努力，努力讓世界變得更美好。A.assume假設(shè)；B.claim聲稱；C.realize意識(shí)到；D.expect期望。根據(jù)下文“wearealljuststudentsworkingtowardsthesameofhavingcareers,familiesandlivesandtryingtomaketheworldbetter.”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)是“作者和中國(guó)學(xué)生意識(shí)到他們之間有共同的東西”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。65．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們意識(shí)到，我們都只是學(xué)生，朝著事業(yè)、家庭和生活的共同目標(biāo)努力，努力讓世界變得更美好。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.reason原因；C.function功能；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)下文“ofhavingcareers,familiesandlivesandtryingtomaketheworldbetter.”可知，這些是他們共同的目標(biāo)。故選D。66．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：文化差異似乎是驚人的——甚至語(yǔ)言也幾乎完全不同于我們自己的語(yǔ)言。A.amazing令人驚訝的；B.striking顯著的；C.powerful有力的；D.terrible可怕的。根據(jù)下文“eventhelanguagealmostpletelydiffersfromourown.”可知，文化差異很顯著。故選B。67．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，人們擔(dān)心的事情和我們這里的人一樣。A.Besides此外；B.Otherwise否則；C.However然而；D.Anyhow如論如何。根據(jù)上文“Buttheirdailylivesaresimilartoourownroutines(常規(guī)).”可知，空前和空后都是在介紹我們的共同之處，此處應(yīng)用besides，表示“此外”。故選A。68．考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們關(guān)心食品安全，密切關(guān)注政府，感受經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)的影響。A.addictedto沉迷于；B.confusedabout對(duì)……困惑；C.usedto曾經(jīng)；D.concernedabout對(duì)……關(guān)心。根據(jù)下文“foodsafety,paycloseattentiontothegovernmentandfeeltheeffectsoftheeconomicmarkets.”可知，人們關(guān)心食品安全問(wèn)題。故選D。69．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行讓我意識(shí)到我的國(guó)家與世界上其他國(guó)家有多少共同的文化。A.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；B.course課程；C.climbing攀爬；D.journey旅行。根據(jù)第二段提到的“WhenIleftforChina,”和下文“fortravel,”可知，此處指到中國(guó)的這次旅行。故選D。70．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，這讓我渴望旅行，我期待有更多的機(jī)會(huì)從事跨文化交流和學(xué)習(xí)。A.eager渴望的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.amazed吃驚的；D.tired疲倦的。根據(jù)下文“Iamilookingforwardtohavingmoretoengageincrossculturalmunicationandlearning.”可知，作者對(duì)旅行產(chǎn)生了渴望，期待能有更多機(jī)會(huì)去進(jìn)行跨文化交流和學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。71．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，這讓我渴望旅行，我期待有更多的機(jī)會(huì)從事跨文化交流和學(xué)習(xí)。A.effect影響；B.measures措施；C.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；D.applications申請(qǐng)。根據(jù)上文“Iamlookingforwardtohavingmore”和下文“toengageincrossculturalmunicationandlearning.”可知，作者期待能有更多機(jī)會(huì)去進(jìn)行跨文化交流和學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空72．Thisissuchaninterestingworkofartallofuslike.【答案】as【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這是一件我們大家都喜歡的有趣的藝術(shù)品?？仗幰龑?dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞aninterestingworkofart前有such修飾，所以這里用as引導(dǎo)從句，as在定語(yǔ)從句中作like的賓語(yǔ)。故填as。73．Aftereachcycleoftrading,panieshaveleftovercarbonallowances(限額)cansellthemtoothers.【答案】that/which【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在每個(gè)交易周期結(jié)束后，有剩余碳配額的公司可以將其出售給其他公司。根據(jù)空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have和cansell可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞panies，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/which。故填that/which。74．BythetimeoftheMingDynasty,peoplecouldusetheabacusinaddition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision,werewidelyusedforcalculatingtheweight,amount,spaceandvolume.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：到了明朝時(shí)期，人們已經(jīng)可以使用算盤進(jìn)行加減乘除運(yùn)算，這些運(yùn)算被廣泛應(yīng)用于計(jì)算重量、數(shù)量、空間和體積。根據(jù)空前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞coulduse和空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wereused，且句子不能構(gòu)成并列句可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞addition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision，先行詞指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。75．TheDoubleNinthFestivalisalsoatimethechrysanthemum(菊花)blooms.【答案】when【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：重陽(yáng)節(jié)也是菊花盛開的時(shí)節(jié)。根據(jù)空前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is和空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞blooms，且句子不能構(gòu)成并列句可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞time，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。76．Anadditionalreasonitcanbesodesirableisthatittendstoefromresourcesthatarefree.【答案】why【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它如此可取的另一個(gè)原因是，它往往來(lái)自免費(fèi)的資源。根據(jù)空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞canbe和is可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reason，先行詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why。故填why。77．Theappdoesthisbymonitoringtheirtimetheusersgotosleep,whichmeansthatyouwillfeellesssleepywhenyouwakeupeverymorning.【答案】when【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：該應(yīng)用程序通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)用戶睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，這意味著每天早上醒來(lái)時(shí)你會(huì)感覺(jué)不那么困了?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞time，先行詞指時(shí)間，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。故填when。78．Lastyear,CambridgeUniversityLibraryannouncedthattwoofCharlesDarwin’snotebookshadbeenmissingfromtheircollection,oneofcontainsDarwin’s“TreeofLife”sketch.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：去年，劍橋大學(xué)圖書館宣布，查爾斯·達(dá)爾文的兩本筆記本從他們的收藏中丟失了，其中一本里有達(dá)爾文的“生命之樹”草圖?？仗幬挥趖hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，根據(jù)空前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hadbeenmissing和空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞contains，且句子不能構(gòu)成并列句可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞twoofCharlesDarwin’snotebooks，構(gòu)成“不定代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指物，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。79．NowadaysanincreasingnumberofpeopleinvariouspartsofChinahavebeguntocelebratetheirflowerfestivalagain,someof,dressedinhanfu,atypeoftraditionalChinesecostume,performaseriesofceremonies.【答案】whom【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：如今，中國(guó)各地越來(lái)越多的人開始再次慶祝他們的花節(jié)，其中一些人穿著漢服，進(jìn)行一系列儀式。根據(jù)空前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞havebegun和空后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞perform，且句子不能構(gòu)成并列句可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people，構(gòu)成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。80．TheletterwasoneoftheearliestdocumentsonrecordmentionedtofuintheWest.【答案】that【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：這封信是西方最早記載豆腐的文獻(xiàn)之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞documents指物，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且因?yàn)橄刃性~中含有形容詞最高級(jí)，故空處只能填關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。81．Whenweeatitagain,