高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解課件

高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)——閱讀理解臨朐中學(xué)

李愛坤Bytheendoftheclass,youwillbeableto:1.summarizetheimportantskillsofsolvingproblemsinreadingcomprehension.2.graspthebasicprinciplesinsettingquestions.3.enhancetheabilitytodesignsimilarquestionsthroughpractice.LearningObjectives

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.①

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.②

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Development事實細(xì)節(jié)題1真題再現(xiàn)Activity1:Choosethebestanswer.正確選項的特點：：通常是對原文語句的高級轉(zhuǎn)化(summarize)VarietyandquantityDistribution張冠李戴常見選擇項的干擾方式斷章取義張冠李戴偷梁換柱無中生有以偏概全（太絕對化）本末倒置13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.③Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.正確選項的特點：原文長難句的分析與靈活轉(zhuǎn)述(paraphrase)。斷章取義斷章取義無中生有事實細(xì)節(jié)題Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，并在句中作主語ComplexSentence—由從屬連詞連接的主從復(fù)合句。先找從屬連詞,知從句類型（定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句）,再分析主從句。抓主干,去修飾Analyzethelonganddifficultsentences.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.⑤Analysesofalanguagedatabasealso

confirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.引導(dǎo)賓語從句段落主旨題無中生有偷梁換柱無中生有段落主旨段首：openingsentence段中：standoutsentence段末：closingsentence無主題句：summarize35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.推理判斷題無中生有本末倒置無中生有 Thisresearchoverturns

thepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.引導(dǎo)同位語從句省略了that/which的定語從句引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在句中作賓語CompoundSentence——由并列連詞連接的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句。（先找并列連詞,再分析并列分句）常見并列連詞有and,but,so,or,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等。Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.notremainstable=dynamic正確選項的特點：對原文信息的低級轉(zhuǎn)化（詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：同義或反義代換）rules：1.在長難句上設(shè)題2.轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后容易設(shè)題目

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.講述一項研究（人類發(fā)音的變化和人類飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)）：diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds講述新的研究成果（被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見）唇齒音變化的主要原因:咬合方式的變化咬合方式變化的原因（農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展使食物更容易咀嚼）進(jìn)一步分析唇齒音的顯著變化（“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加）總結(jié)：人類語音的變化是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物。MainideaSupportingevidenceConclusion12131415SummaryThecommonrulesofdesigningreadingcomprehensionquestions閱讀理解設(shè)題三大原則題文同序長難句設(shè)題文章之后所附題目對應(yīng)文章的自然順序說明文、議論文的題目多依靠對長難句的分析，尤其是研究結(jié)果語篇結(jié)構(gòu)掌握文體特征學(xué)會分析篇章選項設(shè)置的特點正確選項干擾選項對原文內(nèi)容的低級轉(zhuǎn)化（同義/反義替換）對原文內(nèi)容的高級轉(zhuǎn)化（高度概括）對原文信息的靈活轉(zhuǎn)述（paraphrase）斷章取義張冠李戴偷梁換柱無中生有以偏概全（太過絕對）本末倒置2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞,結(jié)合命題順序，定位原文中的信息句(relatedinformation)3.比對原文和選項特點,分析長難句,使用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)（rephrase,paraphrase)1.確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞（keywords)Tipstoanswerthequestions

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.

AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.講述一項研究（人類發(fā)音的變化和人類飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)）：diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds講述新的研究成果（被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見）唇齒音變化的主要原因:咬合方式的變化咬合方式變化的原因（農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展使食物更容易咀嚼）進(jìn)一步分析唇齒音的顯著變化（“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加）總結(jié)：人類語音的變化是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物。MainideaSupportingevidenceConclusion12131415Activity2:Designanothertwoquestions.Possiblequestions:1.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabout?Tointroduceastudyaboutspeechsounds2.Whatisthereasonforthechangeinthejawstructureofpeople?Thedevelopmentofagriculture.3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Newspeechsoundsnowappearinmanylanguagesbecauseofthediet-relatedchangesinhumanbite.①TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.②FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.③Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.④Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.⑤However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.⑥Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.2遷移應(yīng)用Designtwoquestionsandtheirchoices.2遷移應(yīng)用12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷①TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.②FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.③Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake520mayearfor