Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldGrammarandUsage課件高中英語譯林版（2020）2

Verb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:understandthemeaningofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;summarizethegrammaticalrulesofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;useverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitivestoorganizeaparagraphbasedonthenotesgiven.Task1.Revision定語1.Thepeopletalkingtherearemyfriends.2.Doyouknowanythingaboutthenewfilmbeingshot3.Thisisanamazingachievement.前置、后置Tellwhatfunctionsthefollowing“verb-ing”formsworkas.1.Isawhimplayingfootballontheplayground.

2.Someoneobservedthethiefentering

thebank.3.IheardTomsingingthesong.4.I’llgetthecarrunning.賓語補足語1.Thevolcanoerupted,destroyingthecityofPompeii.2.Havingabadcold,Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.3.Walkingalongthestreet,Isawanoldfriend.4.Turningtotheleft,you’llseetheshop.5.Hesatinthesofa,readingabook.6.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.7.Heearnsalivingdrivingataxi.狀語結(jié)果狀語原因狀語時間狀語條件狀語伴隨狀語讓步狀語方式狀語Task2.Leadin1.Recalltheformsofpastparticiple.過去分詞的基本形式你知道嗎？那么簡單，誰不知道。是由動詞末尾加-ed形式構(gòu)成，因此又叫動詞的-ed形式。V+-eddrovefoughtranforgotforgottenbecameblewdealtdrewmistookcaughtshranksangdrunkflew思考：什么是過去分詞？示例一般過去過去分詞規(guī)則/不規(guī)則divediveddived規(guī)則fetchfetchedfetched規(guī)則swellswelledswollen不規(guī)則seesawseen不規(guī)則過去分詞______________表被動/完成TheLittleMatchGirl2.Readthefollowingstoryandpayattentiontothewordsinred.Itwassnowingandverycoldoutside.Alittlegirlwaswalkinginthestreet,sellingmatches.Shedidn’twearanyshoesbecauseshehadhershoes_____(lose).lostShewishedallhermatches

(sell)butnobodyboughtasingleone.soldShewassocoldthatshesatinacornerwithherlegs

__________.

(huddleup蜷縮在一起)huddledupShelitamatchandsawaChristmastree________

(decorate)withmanygifts.decoratedThe______(light)match

wasburningbrightlyandsheseemedvery

delighted.lightedShelitanothermatchandsawhergrandmother.________(take)byhergrandmother,thelittlegirlflewinbrightnessandinjoy.TakenThenextday,peoplesawthegirl_______(freeze)todeath.Whatapoorgirl!frozen1.Shedidn’twearanyshoesbecauseshehadhershoeslost.2.Shewishedallhermatchessoldbutnobodyboughtasingleone.3.Shewassocoldthatshesatinacornerwithherlegshuddledup.4.ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreedecoratedwithmanygifts.5.Thelightedmatchwasburningbrightlyandsheseemedverydelighted.6.Shelitanothermatchandsawhergrandmother.Takenbyhergrandmother,thelittlegirlflewinbrightnessandinjoy.7.Thenextday,peoplesawthegirlfrozentodeath.Whatapoorgirl!賓補賓補賓補定語定語狀語Whatfunctionsdothewordsinredworkas賓補verb-edformsasattributive

過去分詞作定語01acloseddoorapollutedriverabrokenwindowFindouttherules:歸納1：單個過去分詞作定語放于其修飾的名詞之____。前aninjuredplayer歸納2：過去分詞短語作定語時，一般置于其修飾的名詞之____，其作用相當于一個_________。定語從句后1)It’sapicture_______________

paintedbyLeonardodaVinci.apicturepaintedbyLeonardodaVincithat/whichwas2)Thelady____________

dressedinwhiteisafamousstar.aladydressedinwhitethat/who

isa.及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,一般兼有被動和完成的意義。b.不及物動詞的-ed形式作定語,有主動和完成意義。①agrownwoman一位成年婦女②anescapedprisoner一名逃犯①abrokencup一個破杯子②awoundedsoldier一名傷員注意1.thefallenleavesthefallingleaves2.V-ing

表動作正在進行,V-ed

表動作已經(jīng)完成。theboiledwater正在沸騰的水燒開過的水theboilingwater正在升起的太陽therisingsun已經(jīng)升起的太陽therisensun3.某些動詞的過去分詞已成為形容詞，這類形容詞多用來表示人物的心理特征或感情變化。常見的這類過去分詞有：disappointed、moved、interested、surprised、shocked、puzzled、excited、frightened、worried、pleased等

常常修飾人以及l(fā)ook、expression、voice、smile等

1.Thefrightened

babykeptcrying.2.Fromhisexcited

look,Iknowhepassedtheexamination.Summary1.

過去分詞可用作______，修飾___________。2.單個分詞通常放所修飾詞_____；分詞短語放在所修飾詞______；其作用相當于一個_________。3.（及物動詞）的-ed形式作定語表__________

或（不及物動詞）完成。4.某些動詞的過去分詞已成為形容詞，這類形容詞常常修飾_____以及_______________________________等。定語名詞或代詞之前定語從句之后被動、完成人look、expression、voice、smile過去分詞強調(diào)動作___________,不定式強調(diào)動作_____________,現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)動作_________________。被動，完成被動，將來被動,進行Doandcompare過去分詞（done）、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式（beingdone)和不定式的被動形式（tobedone)做定語的區(qū)別Thebuildingbuilt

lastyearisourclassroombuilding．Thebuildingbeingbuilt

nowisourclassroombuilding．Thebuildingtobebuilt

nextmonthisourclassroombuilding．However,alotofyoungpeopleconsiderhimasatruehero.Someyoungpeoplehadtheirhair_____likehim.Hiscruelbehaviorevenhadsomanypeople________(沉迷其中).cutaddicted(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空①The____________(excite)peoplerushedintothebuilding.②Ihavereadplentyofbooks______(write)byLuXun.③Allthe____________(break)windowshavebeenrepaired.④Sheaskediftherewasanything_______(leave).(2)補全句子⑤Ourclasswenton___________________lastMonday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。⑥Theplayers_______________________________areexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.人們期待這些從全國選拔出來的運動員在此次夏季比賽中能給我們帶來榮譽。excitedwrittenbrokenanorganizedtripselected

from

the

whole

countryleftverb-edformsasadverbials

過去分詞作狀語02Whenwater

isheated,waterturnsintosteam.=heated,waterturnsintosteam.

When過去分詞作時間狀語1.過去分詞作時間狀語過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當于時間狀語從句?？稍谶^去分詞前加上連詞

“when,while,after”

等，使其時間意義更明確。

動詞-ed形式（短語）作狀語時，前面可以加一個連詞，使動詞-ed形式（短語）所表示的時間、讓步、條件等關(guān)系更清楚。這類連詞包括although,if,once,though,when,while,whenever,unless,asif,eventhough等。相當于狀語從句的省略。Becausehewasexhausted,hefellfastasleep.=exhausted,hefellfastasleep.BecauseExhausted過去分詞作原因狀語2.過去分詞作原因狀語過去分詞作原因狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since,because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.=givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.If過去分詞作條件狀語3.過去分詞作條件狀語過去分詞作條件狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,once或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Althoughhewas

laughedatbyothers,hestillsmilesatlife.=laughedatbyothers,hestillsmilesatlife.Although過去分詞作讓步狀語4.過去分詞作讓步狀語過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個以though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,andshewasfollowedbyseveralstudents.=Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,followedbyseveralstudents.過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語5.過去分詞作方式/伴隨狀語過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但可用并列分句代替。對比：

Theteacherwentintotheclassroom,

following

severalstudents.

[注意]有些動詞-ed形式因為來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語時不表示被動而表示狀態(tài)。這樣的動詞-ed形式及短語常見的有:seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(駐扎);lost/absorbed

in(沉溺于);located(坐落于);dressed

in(穿著);tired

of(厭煩)等。如:Lostin

this

beautiful

town,

he

hates

to

leave

it.沉溺于這個美麗的小鎮(zhèn),他不愿離開它?？梢钥偨Y(jié)為be+ed-adj構(gòu)成的短語做狀語，用ed-adj表示主語的狀態(tài)。________(raise)inthepoorestareaofIndia,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomeafootballstar.Children,when________________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.___________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart._____________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.RaisedaccompaniedFoundedTranslatedverb-edformsasobjectcomplements

過去分詞作賓語補足語03帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等）+直接賓語（名詞或代詞）+賓語補足語Everyonecallshim(賓語)(賓補)(主語)(謂語)Tom.概念：什么是賓語補足語？賓語補足語一般放在賓語_________,對賓語起____________的作用。之后拓展資料說明Hefoundhisnewbike______.(steal)stolen過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示______或______的意義，有時候兩者兼而有之。被動完成小結(jié)1：Isawhim_______byadog.(bite)bittenTomfoundallhismoney________(steal)onhiswayhome.stolen

過去分詞用在感官動詞_____________________________等之后示______________________。小結(jié)2：see,

watch,feel,find,hear,notice感受到某人或某物被……Jackhadhishair_______yesterday.

(cut)cutIraisedmyvoicetomakemyself_______.(hear)heard小結(jié)3：過去分詞用在__________________________等使役動詞之后,表示______________。have,make,get,leave“使/讓…被...”Hewon’tliketheproblem_____________atthemeeting.(discuss）discussedThefatherwantshisdaughter______dancing.(teach)taught小結(jié)4：過去分詞用于表示“_______________”等意義的詞后，如：_______________________等,表示______________________。希望,愿望或要求want,wish,like,expect,order“希望/要求某人或某事被做”Withmanyflowers__________aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.(plant)plantedThethiefwasbroughtinwithhishands________behindhisback.(tie)tied小結(jié)5：

過去分詞用在“______+賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中。

withSummary這些詞后常接V-ed作賓語補足語*感官動詞done作賓補與todo,doing作賓補的區(qū)別:

Isawhimtakeawaythedictionaryjustnow.

(拿走了那本字典)Isawhimtakingawaythedictionaryonthedesk.(正在拿那本字典)Isawthedictionarytakenawaybyachild.

(字典被拿走了)不定式強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的_______?，F(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)他們之間的__________________。過去分詞強調(diào)他們之間的____________________。

全過程主動關(guān)系,正在進行被動關(guān)系，已經(jīng)完成[即學即練4]用所給詞的適當形式填空①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

_____________(astonish)．②(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.③Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar

(wash)．a(chǎn)stonisheddecoratedwashed④Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues

(amuse)withherstories.⑤Withtheproblem

(solve),thequalityhasbeenimproved.⑥Thebosswouldn'tlikethetopic

(discuss)atthemeeting.⑦Hewantedhisname____________(include)inthelist.amusedsolveddiscussedincludedExploringtherulesFindverb-edformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Weshouldknowthedifferencebetweenverb-edandthepastforminthepasttense.Verb-edformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformasanadverbialVerb-edformasanobjectcomplementSurprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.getitsmassproductionstartedthepreparedmindTheresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Whatcanyoufindoutfromtheexamplesentences謂語非謂語作定語修飾something,something與produced之間為被動關(guān)系Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.謂語非謂語過去分詞做狀語，描述主語狀態(tài)...hishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproduction

started.動詞非謂語賓語與賓補為被動關(guān)系作定語修飾mind,mind與prepared之間為被動關(guān)系Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.謂語非謂語WorkingouttherulesAverb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)_____________(active/passive)meaning.Averb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranoun.Itmodifiesthenounlikea(n)_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).Averb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclauseApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.1.Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.________________________________________________2.Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.________________________________________________3.Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.________________________________________________

Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.B1attributiveattributiveadverbial4.Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.________________________________________________5.Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch._________________________________________________

Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.B1objectcomplementadverbialBenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)_________

(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.(2)_________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)____(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)_________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.Franklinhadhistheory(5)_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)_________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.

interestingKnowing

tiedConductedaccepted

arguingB2anobjectcomplementanadverbialanattributiveanadverbialanobjectcomplementanadverbial1.aworld-changingdiscovery一個改變世界的發(fā)現(xiàn)2.bewidelyconsideredtobe

被廣泛認為是3.thebacteriasurroundingthemould在霉菌周圍的細菌4.surprisedbythis對此感到吃驚，做狀語5.somethingproducedbythemould被霉菌產(chǎn)生的某個東西6.beawarethat后接句子

意識到hephrasesonpage487.itsmassproduction它的批量生產(chǎn)8.inthe1940s

在20世紀50年代9.byaccident=bychance

偶然地10.befarfromthetruth

遠非事實11.getitsmassproductionstarted使得青霉素批量生產(chǎn)得以開始12.正如路易.巴斯德所說:“幸運眷顧有準備的人?！?.bewellknownforsth.因為什么而聞名2.workout找到什么的答案，解決，鍛煉，計算出3.gothrough通過，經(jīng)歷4.makesure確保5.staydry保持干燥6.chargethekey給風箏充電thephrasesonpage497.onastormyday在一個暴風雨天stormy為storm的形容詞，暴風雨的，猛烈的，激烈的8.havethetheoryaccepted使得理論被接受9.receiveadeadly

electricshock受到致命的電擊10.whateverthetruth不管真相如何11.makecontributionstosth為什么做出貢獻Finishtheexercisesonpage76(textbook).I.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edforms.1.Themuseumwhichwasbuiltin1900isstillinexcellent

condition.Themuseum_______________isstillinexcellentcondition.2.Theseatswhicharereservedforthedisabledarejustneartheentrance.Theseats______________________arejustneartheentrance.3.AfterhewasencouragedbywhatJanesaid,Peterwalkedtothecentreofthestage.

__________________________,Peterwalkedtothecentreof

thestage.builtin1900reservedforthedisabledEncouragedbywhatJanesaidpage764.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon’tgotoJack’sgraduation