專題06 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)(過去時(shí))（講案） 解析版

高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專題06動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法(過去時(shí))（講案）解析版（快問快答+考點(diǎn)細(xì)目+精講精練+真題分層+作文升格+原創(chuàng)語填）目錄一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法快問快答P1二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法五年高考真題細(xì)目表P2三、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法考點(diǎn)清單P2考點(diǎn)清單六、一般過去時(shí)七種典型用法(表解)P2考點(diǎn)清單七、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)五種典型用法(表解)P4考點(diǎn)清單八、過去完成時(shí)六種典型用法(表解)P5考點(diǎn)清單九、過去將來時(shí)四種典型用法(表解)P6四、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法分類通關(guān)P7分類通關(guān)（一）單句填空(高考真題2021-2024)P8分類通關(guān)（二）單句填空(經(jīng)典模擬2017-2020)P8分類通關(guān)（三）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)助力應(yīng)用文寫作P9分類通關(guān)（四）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)助力讀后續(xù)寫升格P10分類通關(guān)（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P11野營(yíng)正成為鄉(xiāng)村旅游新時(shí)尚P11一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法快問快答Q1：判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)有哪些小竅門？A1：最可靠的做法是掌握每種時(shí)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合和標(biāo)志性詞匯、短語，做到有的放矢。Q2：如何確定動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)？A2：一方面，需要注意根據(jù)語境確定是否應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，另一方面需要抓住關(guān)鍵性標(biāo)志，如介詞by引起動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。Q3：如何確定各種從句的時(shí)態(tài)？A3：如果是狀語從句，需要考慮“主將從現(xiàn)”；如果是賓語從句要考慮主從句時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)；有時(shí)像suggest,recommend從句還應(yīng)考慮虛擬語氣用法。Q4：應(yīng)用文寫作遇到動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)怎么把握？A4：書信類應(yīng)用文要結(jié)合其內(nèi)容來確定具體時(shí)態(tài)乃至語態(tài)。如邀請(qǐng)信和通知要使用一般將來時(shí)；感謝信和道歉信要使用一般過去時(shí)；人物介紹和地點(diǎn)介紹要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Q5：如何才能學(xué)好動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)？A5：一是努力掌握基本知識(shí)框架，二是加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練和背誦，積少成多，學(xué)以致用。二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)五年真題細(xì)目表卷別現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)（含被動(dòng)）2024新課標(biāo)I卷walks2024新課標(biāo)II卷were；wasbuilt2024全國(guó)甲卷were(should)bedone2023新高考II卷wished2023全國(guó)甲卷become改為becomesmake→made(can)beemployed2023全國(guó)乙卷wasamazed2023全國(guó)北京卷hasestablishedhadarrivedwouldthrow2022新高考I卷isdesignedwere2022新高考II卷werefixing;threw2022全國(guó)甲卷haswalkedwas-were;become-became2022全國(guó)乙卷lives-live;去掉have后的beenaddressed2022北京卷has;hasincreased2021新高考I卷was2021新高考II卷was2021全國(guó)甲卷are改為iswasbuilt;hired2021全國(guó)乙卷刪去are2021北京卷connects2020全國(guó)I卷means;isconstructedtouched2020全國(guó)II卷carriesstart改為started2020全國(guó)III卷had改成havepointed(would)bechosen2020新高考卷arecalled;isformed2019全國(guó)I卷hasreported；are2019全國(guó)II卷havemadedeclared2019全國(guó)III卷required改為requiresrecommended；wereinvited2019北京卷voiced三、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)清單六、一般過去時(shí)七種典型用法用法標(biāo)志示例1.表示過去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并有明確的時(shí)間狀語。yesterday,lastweek,in2023Myfatherwasverybusylastweek.我父親上周很忙。Wherewereyouyesterday?你昨天在哪兒？2.表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與often等頻度副詞連用。often，usually，seldom，usedtoThemanusedtosmokealot.那人過去煙癮很重。Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。3.Iwishthat…(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Iwishthat…IwishIwastenyearsyounger.我但愿年輕10歲。IwishIcouldspeakyourlanguage.但愿我能講你們國(guó)家的話。4.Itis(high)timethat…Itis(high)timethat…It'shigh/abouttimeyouboughtanewcar.你該買輛新車了。5.Iwouldratherthat…(與現(xiàn)在、將來事實(shí)相反)Iwouldratherthat…I'dratheryouwenttomorrow.我寧愿你明天去。Iwouldratheryoudidn’tmentionthepricenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在別提價(jià)錢。6.Ifonly…(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Ifonly…Ifonlylknewtheanswertoyourquestion.我但愿知道你的問題的答案。7.If….從句(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)If….,Iwould…IfIwereTom,Iwouldrefuse.如果我是湯姆，我會(huì)拒絕。【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_____________(come)onthemarketin1973.2.(2013安徽)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou_____________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?3.(2013福建)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.4.(2017·江蘇)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_____________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.5.(2015湖南)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.6.Thethreeofus_____________(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.7.(2019全國(guó)II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_____________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.8.HowIwisheveryfamily_____________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.11.Sorry,I’mtoobusynow.IfI_____________(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.12.Iwishit_____________(be)werespringallyearround.【答案與解析】1.came。從句有明顯時(shí)間狀語in1973，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是came。2.advertised。從句有明顯時(shí)間狀語theotherday，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是advertised。3.wasinvited。句子有明顯時(shí)間狀語attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是wasinvited。4.was。結(jié)合語境這里描述過去的行為，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是was。5.washeld。holdback表示“阻止，隱瞞”，結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案是washeld。6.travelled。本句是易錯(cuò)題，句子雖然有時(shí)間狀語foraboutamonth，但結(jié)合語境這里表示過去某段時(shí)間一直發(fā)生的事情。故答案是travelled。7.declared。根據(jù)語境容易判斷空白處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。故填declared。8.had。結(jié)合語境從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是had。9.werebroken。itlookasif…表示“看起來好像……”，從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案是werebroken。10.did/shoulddo。Itishigh/abouttimethat..后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省，意為“早該……”。故答案是did/shoulddo。11.had。語境暗示從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是had。12.were。Iwishthat…從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反常用一般過去時(shí)；be動(dòng)詞一律都用were。故答案是were。考點(diǎn)清單七、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)五種典型用法用法標(biāo)志示例1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)間狀語暗示。at7:00lastnightWewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)頻繁發(fā)生或一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。thismorning,yesterdayThemanusedtosmokealot.那人過去煙癮很重。Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。3.come,leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。go,come,leaveIwishIwastenyearsyounger.我但愿年輕10歲。IwishIcouldspeakRussian.但愿我能講俄語。4.與as,when,while等狀語從句呼應(yīng)，表示另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景as,when,whileItwasraininghardwhenIleftschool.當(dāng)我離開學(xué)校時(shí)，天在下大雨。IwasreadingthenewspaperwhileIwaswaitingforthebus.我一邊看報(bào)紙，一邊等公交車。5.always,constantly等頻度副詞與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示贊揚(yáng)，抱怨等感情色彩always,constantly，continuallyShewasalwayschanginghermind.她總是改變主意。Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.過去他總是不停要錢。【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Hermother_____________(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.2.I’dliketoknowwhatyou______________(do)at9:00lastnight.3.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).4.(2014四川)She_____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.5.Jim_____________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.6.I_____________(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.7.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.8.(2015湖南)HemusthavesensedthatI_____________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"9.(2016北京)Jack_____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.10.He_____________(help)hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.【答案與解析】1.wascooking。時(shí)間狀語atthistimeyesterday表明過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案是wascooking。2.weredoing。時(shí)間狀語at9:00lastnight表明過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案是weredoing。3.wasbeingdecorated。結(jié)合語境表示該段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作---裝修圖書館。故答案是wasbeingdecorated。4.wasphoning。結(jié)合語境“她正在給別人打電話，我對(duì)她點(diǎn)頭走開了?！惫蚀鸢甘莣asphoning。5.waswatching。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是waswatching。6.wascleaning。結(jié)合語境這是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是wascleaning。7.werealwaysbeingwarned。always與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（被頻繁提醒）；又是被動(dòng)含義。故答案是werealwaysbeingwarned。8.waslooking。結(jié)合語境判斷這里表示當(dāng)時(shí)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案是waslooking。9.wasworking。這是wasdoing…when…句式。是故答案是wasworking。10.washelping。thewholeafternoonlastSaturday暗示過去某段時(shí)間一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。故答案是washelping?？键c(diǎn)清單八、過去完成時(shí)六種典型用法用法標(biāo)志示例1.表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間之前或過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。by,bytheendof,bythetime…By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5點(diǎn)，我們已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。2.表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間之前或過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。before,until,when,thanIhadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.在我進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了5000個(gè)單詞。3.intend等動(dòng)詞過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。mean,hope,want,plan,expect,thinkIhadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我本來打算去拜訪你，但被阻止了。4.Itwasthefirsttimethat…句型that從句用過去完成時(shí)。first/second…Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.這是她連續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)第四次在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。5.hardly…when…和nosooner…than…句型hardly+when;sooner+thanShehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.她剛一上床鈴聲就響了。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.他們剛離開大樓，一枚炸彈就爆炸了。6.If虛擬條件句，Iwish…,Ifonly…,I’dratherthat…表示與過去事實(shí)相反Iwish…,Ifonly…,I’dratherthat…IfIhadleftsooner，Iwouldhavebeenontime.要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了?！炯磿r(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2014山東)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe____________(expect).2.(2015安徽)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_____________(leave)mybankinthecafe.3.(2016浙江)Silk___________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.4.(2017北京)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.5.I_____________(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.6.(2019天津)I________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn'tmanageit.7.I___________(intend)tocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.8.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.9.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe_____________(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.10.Itwasthefourthtimeshe_____________(shop)onlineforhours.11.She________nosooner_________(get)totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.12.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone_____________(ring).13.(2018天津)Ifwe_____________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.14.HowIwishI_____________(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.15.(2015北京)—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?—Notreally.She_____________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.【答案與解析】1.hadexpected。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadexpected。2.hadleft。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。故答案是hadleft。3.hadbecome。byabout100BC是解答本題關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadbecome。4.hadn’tbeeninvented。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”；又是被動(dòng)含義。故答案是hadn’tbeeninvented。5.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadplanned。6.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadhoped。7.hadend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadintended。8.hadinterrupted。在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadinterrupted。9.hadleft。在It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadleft。10.hadshopped。在It/Thatwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句要用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadshopped。11.had;got。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是had;got。12.rang。在hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句仍用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是rang。13.hadcaught。這時(shí)if虛擬條件句，從句與過去事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadcaught。14.hadbought。Iwishthat….從句與過去事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadbought。15.hadgiven。結(jié)合語境“給我們清楚指導(dǎo)”發(fā)生在前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故答案是hadgiven?？键c(diǎn)清單九、過去將來時(shí)四種典型用法項(xiàng)目用法示例1.should/would+動(dòng)詞原形從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多用于主從復(fù)合句中。Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.他說他們要安排聚會(huì)。HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleaveforParis.昨天他問我何時(shí)動(dòng)身去巴黎。2.was/wereabouttodo…when…表示“正要……這時(shí)發(fā)生另一件事”。Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我正要開始這時(shí)天下雨了。3.was/werecoming…go,comeleave等動(dòng)詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)博士將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ididn’tknowhewascominguntilthismorning.直到今天上午我才知道他要來。4.was/weretodo強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃性，“將要做某事”。Tomwasn'tworriedabouthisheadinjury,butitwastobetroublesomeforhimlater.湯姆不擔(dān)心他頭部的傷，但是以后這損傷必將給他帶來麻煩。【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents_____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?2.Hewasabouttogotobed________therewasaknockonthedoor.3.Whenhe_____________(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.4.(2015陜西)Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe_____________(become)thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.5.Iwishhe__________(go)withmetothecinematonight.6.IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,I__________(study)atCambridgeUniversity.7.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.8.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship_____________(sink).9.(2019江蘇)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_____________(have)agoodtimetogether.10.Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe___________(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.【答案與解析】1.wouldsign。Didyoupredict是解答本題的關(guān)鍵，暗示應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。故答案是wouldsign。2.when。這是was/wereabouttodosth.when...句型。故答案是when。3.wastoopen。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)表示從當(dāng)時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作“將要開門”。故答案是wastoopen。4.wastobecome。結(jié)合語境這里應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)表示從當(dāng)時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作“將要成為美國(guó)第一位黑人總統(tǒng)”。故答案是wastobecome。5.wouldgo。Iwishthat…從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反用could/woulddo。故答案是wouldgo。6.wouldstudy。If虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句用could/woulddo。故答案是wouldstudy。7.wouldbe。本句是虛擬語氣含蓄條件句，now說明主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用woulddo。故答案是wouldbe。8.wouldn’thavesunk。結(jié)合語境主從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句應(yīng)用wouldhavedone，且是否定形式。故答案是wouldn’thavesunk。9.wouldhavehad。or引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，句意為：真可惜！你錯(cuò)過了游覽觀光，否則的話我們會(huì)有一段美好時(shí)光的。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavehad。10.wouldlend。主句是一般過去時(shí)；同時(shí)從句時(shí)間狀語thenextmorning暗示應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。故答案是wouldlend。四、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)用法分類通關(guān)分類通關(guān)（一）高考真題【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式?！?024題組】1．（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___58___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.答案：were解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“湯顯祖所寫的一些內(nèi)容也是莎士比亞所關(guān)心的。我碰巧知道湯顯祖的戲劇《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似?！边@里為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意以及定語從句時(shí)態(tài)可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；主語為“someofthethings”，復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。2.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,___61___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.答案：wasbuilt解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：兩年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花園落成，該花園距離莎士比亞故居僅十分鐘步行路程，其靈感來自《牡丹亭》。這里為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“Twoyearslater”可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；主語為“asix-meter-tallpavilion”，單數(shù)，和動(dòng)詞“build”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wasbuilt。3.（2024全國(guó)甲卷）They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.答案：were。解析：本空前They指代上文提及的四個(gè)男人，時(shí)間為1870年，同時(shí)聯(lián)系后文hadspent的過去完成時(shí)可知本空時(shí)態(tài)為過去式且為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填were。4.（2024九省聯(lián)考卷）Fountainpens_________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.答案：wereused解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：鋼筆很久以前就在學(xué)校里使用了，最近又重新流行起來，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢灾匦绿畛洹？崭裉幾髦^語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語longago可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，主語Fountainpens和動(dòng)詞use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wereused?！?023題組】5.（2023新高考II卷）Asalittlegirl,I_________(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.答案：wished解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：作為一個(gè)小女孩，我希望長(zhǎng)大后成為一名動(dòng)物園管理員。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，所以wish作本句謂語，和主語I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)后文的grew可知用一般過去時(shí)。故填wished。6.（2023全國(guó)乙卷）Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I_________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.答案：wasamazed解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的10年里，我多次訪問北京，我驚訝于這里的新舊共存，驚訝于一個(gè)城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí)保持如此豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。這里為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.”可知，本句用一般過去時(shí)；主語I和動(dòng)詞amaze之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wasamazed。7.（2023北京卷）SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I_________(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.答案：threw解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對(duì)，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。根據(jù)后文andwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup可知，句子陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填threw。8.（2023北京卷）Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest_________(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.答案：hadarrived解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國(guó)后，我在約定的時(shí)間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場(chǎng)，女主人還穿著睡衣。此處表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞turnedup之前，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadarrived。【2022題組】9.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.答案：were【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句中作謂語，先行詞為asignificantnumberofareas，先行詞在從句中作主語，根據(jù)“previously(之前地)”可知從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)主謂一致，從句主語復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。10.（2022新高考II卷）Henry_________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.答案：wasfixing【解析】句意：聽到尖叫聲時(shí)，亨利正在修車。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的whenheheardthescreams，可知，這是“was/weredoing…when…”句型，設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作是正在發(fā)生的，同時(shí)該句描述的是過去的事實(shí)。故使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。fix為動(dòng)詞，意為“修理”，其過去進(jìn)行時(shí)為wasfixing。故填wasfixing。11.（2022北京卷）Eventually,theman_________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!答案：caught解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：最終，那個(gè)男人追上了她，他只是想把她的錢包還給她！結(jié)合句意，這是“AandB”型并列句?？瞻滋帒?yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填caught。12.（2022浙江卷）Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he_________(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.答案：noticed解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他觸摸到萊昂納多?達(dá)?芬奇的3D版《蒙娜麗莎》時(shí)，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根據(jù)“hefelt”可知，本句為一般過去時(shí)。故填noticed?！?021題組】13.（2021新高考I卷）Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit_________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.答案：was解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)it，時(shí)間狀語是then，所以用was。14.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).答案：wasbuilt解析：句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語，動(dòng)詞build和主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（bedone），根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語theTangdynasty可知，用一般過去時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，主語it為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填wasbuilt。15.（2020全國(guó)I卷）TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess_________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.答案：touched解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：無人月球探測(cè)器嫦娥四號(hào)——名字的靈感來源于古代的中國(guó)月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語lastweek可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填touched。16.（2021浙江卷）AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand_________(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.答案：sold解析：考查動(dòng)詞。句意：1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子，賣掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處和前面的動(dòng)詞rented一起做并列謂語；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語1861可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，提示詞sell的過去式形式是sold。故填sold。17.（2021新高考II卷）Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto_________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.答案：was解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我給寫信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根據(jù)定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞“wrote”可知這里描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)；oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以填was。18.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）We_________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.答案：hired解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填hired。19.（2021浙江卷）Mary’sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome_________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofherself,everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.答案：waspainted解析：考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞，Thelittlehome作主語。結(jié)合句意及常識(shí)可知，房子是“被漆”的，主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)上文的wasbuilt可知，此處為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)；一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過去分詞；主語Thelittlehome是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以要用was，提示詞paint的過去分詞形式是painted。故填waspainted。【2020題組】20.（2020新高考I卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.答案：formed解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1759可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填formed。21.（2020北京卷）TheNeanderthals_________（live）alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.答案：lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數(shù)萬年，直到大約4萬年前滅絕。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，結(jié)合句意，此處是指在滅絕之前一直生活了數(shù)萬年。設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語fortensofthousandsofyears。故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)或者過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；又因動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用一般過去時(shí)。故答案為lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。分類通關(guān)（二）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)助力應(yīng)用文寫作書面表達(dá)句式升級(jí)：請(qǐng)運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語（過去時(shí)）態(tài)翻譯下列各句。1.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)我們的任務(wù)是畫一些給我們印象最深的東西。_________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)總之，這不僅僅是一堂藝術(shù)課；這是我真正珍惜的與大自然相連的時(shí)刻。_________________________________________________________________________________3.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)孔子游歷全國(guó)，把自己的智慧傳授給無數(shù)弟子，給中國(guó)社會(huì)留下了深刻的影響。_________________________________________________________________________________4.(2023全國(guó)乙卷)當(dāng)我上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，我有機(jī)會(huì)參加學(xué)校舉辦的音樂比賽。_________________________________________________________________________________5.(2023全國(guó)乙卷)那是我第一次觀看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂表演。_________________________________________________________________________________6.(2022全國(guó)乙卷)總之，我們?cè)缭摬扇〈胧﹣肀Ｗo(hù)海洋。_________________________________________________________________________________7.(2022新高考I卷)TalkandTalk欄目成立十年了。_________________________________________________________________________________8.(2021全國(guó)I卷)上個(gè)月我考試不及格情緒低落，她輕拍我的肩膀給我巨大鼓勵(lì)。_________________________________________________________________________________9.(2021全國(guó)II卷)上周末學(xué)生會(huì)組織一群志愿者去希望農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫助農(nóng)民采摘桃子。_________________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)這個(gè)活動(dòng)受到高度評(píng)價(jià)，因?yàn)樗o我們提供鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)，還能讓我們更合作。_________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1.Weweretaskedtodraworpaintsomethingthatimpressedusmost.2.Inaword,Itwasnotjustanartclass;itwasamomentofconnectionwithnaturethatItrulycherished.3.Confuciustraveledthroughoutthecountry,impartinghiswisdomtocountlessdisciplesandleavingaprofoundimpactonChinesesociety.4.WhenIwasinmyprimaryschool,Ihadanopportunitytoattendamusicalcontestheldinmyschool.5.ThatwasthefirsttimeIhadwatchedalivemusicalperformance.6.Allinall,itishightimethatwetookmeasurestoprotecttheoceans.7.ItistenyearssinceTalkandTalkwasestablished.8.WhenIfailedtheexamlastmonthandwasinlowspirits,shepattedmegentlyontheshoulderandgavemegreatencouragement.9.OrganizedbytheStudentUnion,agroupofvolunteerswenttoHopeFarmtohelpthefarmerspickpeacheslastweekend.10.Theactivitywashighlyspokenof,becausenotonlydiditprovideachanceforustoexercise,butalsomadeusmorecooperative.分類通關(guān)（三）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)助力讀后續(xù)寫升格1.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)我又向他露出抱歉的微笑，懇求他延期付款。_________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)我堅(jiān)定地和他握手，然后跳下車，瘋狂地向公共汽車跑去，在公共汽車出發(fā)前跳上了公共汽車。_________________________________________________________________________________3.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)我告訴他，多虧了他的慷慨和及時(shí)的幫助，一切都很順利。_________________________________________________________________________________4.(2024課標(biāo)I卷)我還送給他一件我在布拉格買的很有吸引力的紀(jì)念品，他欣然接受了。_________________________________________________________________________________5.(2024浙江1月卷)老師注意到了她的努力，稱贊了她的創(chuàng)新思維。_________________________________________________________________________________6.(2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都給那些追隨她的人留下了靈感的遺產(chǎn)。_________________________________________________________________________________7.(2023課標(biāo)I卷)我被告知我在寫作比賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)，兩天后將有頒獎(jiǎng)典禮。_________________________________________________________________________________8.(2023課標(biāo)I卷)當(dāng)我被邀請(qǐng)上臺(tái)領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，我對(duì)我的老師表示感謝。_________________________________________________________________________________9.(2023課標(biāo)I卷)頒獎(jiǎng)典禮結(jié)束后，我去了老師的辦公室。我的老師在等我。_________________________________________________________________________________10.(2023浙江1月卷)當(dāng)我爬上車開車離開時(shí)，我知道我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)珍惜我們共同的回憶。_________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】1.Flashinghimanotherapologeticsmile,Ibeggedhimforadelayedpayment.2.Givinghimafirmhandshake,Iju