第07講　名詞性從句（知識(shí)講解即時(shí)演練過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)）

第07講名詞性從句目標(biāo)1名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞目標(biāo)2相關(guān)解題技巧名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子，它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，因此名詞性從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句?！厩榫硨?dǎo)入】Manystudentsdon’tknowwhattheyshoulddo①，butwhatXiaoMengwantstodo②isearnmoney.Thereasonisthatshewantstolessenherparents’burden③.Itissaidthatmanysmallpaniesneedgraduatestodoparttimejobs②.XiaoMenghasappliedfortwojobsbutsheisnotsurewhethershewillbeemployed①.Shealsowonderswhenshewillbeadmittedtoacollege①andwhichcityshewillgo①.Sheisanxiousforthenewsthatsheisadmittedtoagooduniversity④.[規(guī)則感悟]①位于及物動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后的從句是賓語(yǔ)從句。②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的從句為主語(yǔ)從句。此外，該從句可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。③位于be動(dòng)詞之后的從句是表語(yǔ)從句。④位于抽象名詞之后，解釋該名詞內(nèi)容的從句為同位語(yǔ)從句。1．名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞如下表所示引導(dǎo)詞功能從屬連詞that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒(méi)有詞匯意義whether，if在從句中不作任何成分，意為“是否”because，asif/though在從句中不作任何成分，分別意為“因?yàn)椤薄昂孟瘛边B接代詞who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；whom(ever)在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；which(ever)在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)連接副詞when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)2．名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序Doyouknowwherewillthepartybeheld？(×)Doyouknowwherethepartywillbeheld？(√)3．名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。Itannoysmethathebrokemyfavouritevase.他打碎了我最喜歡的花瓶，這令我很生氣。Doyouknowwhenandwhereheboughtthebook?你知道他什么時(shí)候在哪里買(mǎi)的這本書(shū)嗎？Ihaveheardthatourteacherwillebacktomorrow.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)我們的老師明天就回來(lái)了。(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句若不是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或真理，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。Iaskedherifshewouldallowmetointerviewher，andshereadilyagreed.我問(wèn)她是否允許我采訪她，她欣然同意了。Myteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.老師說(shuō)太陽(yáng)從東方升起西方落下。(客觀真理)4．what與that的用法that是從屬連詞，在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒(méi)有任何意義。而what是連接代詞，在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，通常充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。IbelievethatIwillsucceedifIstudyhard.我相信如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)我會(huì)成功的。Ibelievewhathesaidbecauseheisanhonestman.我相信他說(shuō)的話，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。5．whether與if的用法(1)用whether或if均可的情況①引導(dǎo)大部分動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，兩者均可使用。②it作形式主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)從句在句末時(shí)，兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。(2)用whether而不用if的情況①引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)；②引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；③引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；④引導(dǎo)詞與ornot連用時(shí)；⑤引導(dǎo)詞后接todo時(shí)；⑥有些動(dòng)詞如discuss，decide等后的賓語(yǔ)從句。6．what，who，which與whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別(1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句意為“什么”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味；意為“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“誰(shuí)”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味；which意思是“哪一個(gè)”，帶有疑問(wèn)意味。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是誰(shuí)打壞的窗子嗎？(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分別為“所……的一切事或東西”，“任何……的人”“……的任何一種東西”等，并且充當(dāng)成分，相當(dāng)于anythingthat，anyonewho等。Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhateverittakestosaveherlife.＝Sheisverydeartome.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoanythingthatittakestosaveherlife.她是我的至親，我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不惜一切代價(jià)救她的命。7．that不可省略的情況(1)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且從句置于句首時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略，其他的that不可省略。Shesaid(that)herambitionwastoenterakeyuniversity，thatshewouldstudyhardtomakeherdreametrue，andthatshewouldliveuptoherparents’expectations.她說(shuō)她的志向是考上一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)，她會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想，不辜負(fù)父母的期望。8．同位語(yǔ)從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后，對(duì)該抽象名詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。Atfirstmanypeoplewereastonishedattheconclusionthattheearthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse.起初很多人對(duì)地球不是宇宙中心這一結(jié)論感到驚訝。9．why與because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別why與because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。Ihadacold.ThatwaswhyIdidn’tattendschool.我感冒了，因此我沒(méi)去上學(xué)。Ididn’tattendschool.ThatwasbecauseIhadacold.我沒(méi)去上學(xué)，那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲恕Ｗ⒁猓?1)句子的主語(yǔ)為thereason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，表示原因，此時(shí)不用because。Thereasonwhyshewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。(2)由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。Whywedecidedtoputoffthematchwasthattheweatherwastooterrible.我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。10．a(chǎn)sif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句通常置于系動(dòng)詞look，seem，sound，be等后面，從句中既可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Itsoundsasifsomebodyisknockingat/onthedoor.聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。Shetreatshimasifhewereastranger.她待他如陌生人。11．同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句是用于解釋說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，而定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)作先行詞的名詞的限制、描繪或說(shuō)明。that在同位語(yǔ)從句中只是連接主從句，沒(méi)有任何意義，不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分；that在定語(yǔ)從句中是關(guān)系代詞，不但連接主從句，而且指代被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。IhadnoideathatBrisbanehassomanypeople!(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略)Theidea(that)heputforwardatthemeetingisveryreasonable.(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．PeoplewonderwhyQizaiisbrown，giventhathismotherisblackandwhite.Scientistsguessthatit’sduetosomegeneticmutation(基因突變)．2．AsianelephantsareamongthemosthighlyprotectedanimalsinChinaandwhatdrovetheelephantstomaketheirlongtripisstillunknown.3．TheyinteractedwithstudentsfromfiveclassroomsacrossChinaandshowedviewershowtheyliveandworkinsidethespacestation.4．Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewascaughtinatrafficjam.5．HeexpressedhishopethathewouldvisitChinaagain.6．IwasinsuchahurrythatIpaidnoattentiontowhetherornotthemilkwashot.【解題技法】1．Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)2．Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichishowwearrived.(2018·江蘇)3．Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2017·北京)4．Youhavetoknowwhereyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·福建)5．Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.(2017·天津6月)層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hewasnotlookingforothers’smiles，orworryingaboutwhethersomeonewaswatchingornot.2．HelenMcCarthy，anauthorandexpertonJapaneseCartoons，explainedwhythecharacterissopopular.“BecauseHelloKittyisallabouthappiness，friendshipandfun.”3．Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoandhowtogetthere.4．Studentscanchoosewhat/whatevertheywanttodoandregisteronline.5．MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding，andthat’swhereIdon’tagree.6．Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.7．Twentyfiveyearslaterthetravelerreturnedtothesameplace.Whathesawamazedhim.Hecouldnotbelievehisowneyes.8．Therefore，itisadvisablethatyoushouldvalueandtreatthemwithcare.9．Theissuewhetherthemeasurewillbeineffectisstillunderdiscussion.10．Iaskedhimwhathisfatherhaddonesothathebecamesuchagoodperson.層級(jí)二高考真題練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely.(2022·浙江1月)2．“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrsBrown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ)3．Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.(2021·北京)4．ItseemedthatIhadbeewhatmyparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021·天津6月)5．WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsiswhy/thatshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021·天津3月)6．Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.(2020·浙江7月)7．Itisnotaproblemwhether/ifwecanwinthebattle；it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江蘇)8．ThestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.(2020·天津7月)9．Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)10．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2018·天津6月)層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練語(yǔ)法填空1．worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaching，shebeesmorestressfulandshecan’tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.shebeesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.shebeesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecangetbettersuggestionsand6.willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparents’suggestion7.____sheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital.ProfessorWangsuggests8._____shekeepabalanceddietfirst.Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.MaryaskedProfessorWang9.sheshouldtakeexercise.ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoon.Thatis10.