北京市石景山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2024北京石景山高二(下)期末英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIsettledinAuckland,mynewcityseemedsobigandunfriendly.ThenIhadaphysicalproblemandhadtogotohospitalforanexamination.Nothavinga___1___,IwasdependingonacoupleofbusestogetmefromAtoB.AlthoughI’dleftmyselfplentyoftime,soonitwas___2___Iwasgoingtobelate,asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeinthe___3___direction.I___4___thebusandstoodonthesidewalknotknowingwhattodo.Ilookedintotheeyesofa___5___whowastryingtogetpastme.___6___,insteadofmovingon,shestoppedtoaskifIwasOK.AfterIexplainedmy___7___toher,shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomyappointment.Sittingtherewaiting,Ifelt___8___thatsomeonehadbeenwillingtohelp.Then,hearingahorn(喇叭)nearby,Ilookeduptoseeacarwithmynewfriendwavingatmetogetin.Shehadreturnedtooffermea___9___tothehospital.Suchunexpectedkindnessfromapasserbywasalovelygifttoreceive.AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher,shesmiledandtoldmenottolose____10____,forallthingsarepossible.1.A.car B.house C.friend D.job2.A.strange B.necessary C.obvious D.important3.A.same B.right C.general D.opposite4.A.lookedat B.waitedfor C.gotoff D.raninto5.A.driver B.friend C.stranger D.gentleman6.A.Especially B.Surprisingly C.Probably D.Normally7.A.idea B.motivation C.excuse D.situation8.A.afraid B.grateful C.certain D.disappointed9.A.lift B.suggestion C.bike D.guidebook10.A.power B.support C.touch D.faith【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.C5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者初到新的城市定居，由于坐錯(cuò)車導(dǎo)致快要遲到，得到陌生人幫助的故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于沒(méi)有一輛汽車，我依賴幾輛公共汽車來(lái)從A點(diǎn)到B點(diǎn)。A.car汽車；B.house房子；C.friend朋友；D.job工作。根據(jù)下文“IwasdependingonacoupleofbusestogetmefromAtoB.”可推知，作者沒(méi)有汽車，所以需要依靠公共交通工具公共汽車。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我給自己留了很多時(shí)間，但很快很明顯我就要遲到了，因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)誤地登上了一輛帶我去相反方向的公共汽車。A.strange奇怪的；B.necessary必要的；C.obvious明顯的；D.important重要的。根據(jù)下文“asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeinthe___3___direction.”可知，作者坐錯(cuò)了公共汽車，所以此處表示很明顯作者要遲到了。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我給自己留了很多時(shí)間，但很快很明顯我就要遲到了，因?yàn)槲义e(cuò)誤地登上了一輛帶我去相反方向的公共汽車。A.same同樣的；B.right正確的；C.general一般的；D.opposite相反的。根據(jù)下文“shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomyappointment.”可推知，此處表示作者登上了一輛去相反方向的公共汽車。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我下了車，站在人行道上不知道該做什么。A.lookedat看；B.waitedfor等待；C.gotoff下車；D.raninto遇到。根據(jù)下文“andstoodonthesidewalknotknowingwhattodo.”可知，此處表示作者下車，站在人行道上。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看著一個(gè)試圖從我從我身邊經(jīng)過(guò)的陌生人的眼睛。A.driver司機(jī)；B.friend朋友；C.stranger陌生人；D.gentleman紳士。根據(jù)下文“whowastryingtogetpastme.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者站在人行道上，身邊經(jīng)過(guò)的是陌生人。故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，她沒(méi)有繼續(xù)走，而是停下來(lái)問(wèn)我是否還好。A.Especially尤其；B.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；C.Probably大概；D.Normally通常。根據(jù)下文“insteadofmovingon,shestoppedtoaskifIwasOK.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，這位陌生人的行為超出了作者的預(yù)期，所以此處表示這是令人驚訝的。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我向她解釋了我的情況之后，她指了指街對(duì)面的一個(gè)公共汽車站，那里有一輛公共汽車會(huì)帶我回城里赴約。A.idea主意；B.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；C.excuse借口；D.situation情況。根據(jù)上文“AfterIexplainedmy”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者會(huì)向?qū)Ψ浇忉屪约旱那闆r。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：坐在那里等待時(shí)，我感到很感激有人愿意幫忙。A.afraid害怕的；B.grateful感激的；C.certain肯定的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)下文“thatsomeonehadbeenwillingtohelp.”可知，作者對(duì)陌生人愿意幫忙感到感激。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她返回來(lái)讓我搭便車去醫(yī)院。A.lift搭便車；B.suggestion建議；C.bike自行車；D.guidebook指南。根據(jù)下文“AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher,”可推知，此處表示對(duì)方讓作者搭便車去醫(yī)院。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我從車上下來(lái)，在醫(yī)院門口轉(zhuǎn)身感謝她時(shí)，她微笑著告訴我不要失去信心，因?yàn)橐磺薪杂锌赡堋.power權(quán)力；B.support支持；C.touch觸摸；D.faith信心。根據(jù)下文“forallthingsarepossible”可知，此處表示對(duì)方告訴作者不要失去對(duì)生活的信心。故選D。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Myfatheralwaystellsmenottogossip(八卦)aboutothersbehindtheirbacks.Wheninmiddleschool,Ionce____11____(compete)withanotherclassmate,Amy,forthemonitor.Togainanadvantage,IinvitedsomeclassmatestomyhomeandgossipedalotaboutAmy.____12____(hear)whatIsaid,myfathertoldme,“Whenyourforefinger____13____(point)atothers’back,youhaveotherthreefingerspointingat____14____(you)andfightingbackwithtriplepower.”【答案】11.competed12.Havingheard##Hearing13.points##ispointing14.yourself【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了父親教導(dǎo)我不要在背后說(shuō)別人的閑話?！?1題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在中學(xué)的時(shí)候，我曾經(jīng)和另一個(gè)同學(xué)艾米競(jìng)爭(zhēng)班長(zhǎng)。分析句子可知，compete(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Wheninmiddleschool，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填competed?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：父親聽了我的話，對(duì)我說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你用食指指著別人的時(shí)候，你就用另外三個(gè)手指指著自己，而且三倍的力量回?fù)簟！?。分析句子可知，hear是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)myfather之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，“(hear)whatIsaid”可以理解為發(fā)生在“myfathertoldme”之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingheard，表示主動(dòng)和已經(jīng)發(fā)生，也可以理解為與“myfathertoldme”同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式hearing，表主動(dòng)和同時(shí)發(fā)生，另外，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Havingheard/Hearing?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：父親聽了我的話，對(duì)我說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你用食指指著別人的時(shí)候，你就用另外三個(gè)手指指著自己，而且三倍的力量回?fù)?。”。分析句子可知，point是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)yourforefinger之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，父親的話“yourforefinger(point)atothers’back”可以理解為普遍現(xiàn)象，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可以理解為強(qiáng)調(diào)正發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)yourforefinger是單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。故填points/ispointing?！?4題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：父親聽了我的話，對(duì)我說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你用食指指著別人的時(shí)候，你就用另外三個(gè)手指指著自己，而且三倍的力量回?fù)簟！薄８鶕?jù)句意可知，“你用你的另外三個(gè)手指指著自己”，其中施動(dòng)者和動(dòng)作承受者都是“你自己”，應(yīng)用反身代詞yourself作賓語(yǔ)。故填yourself。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Rereadingstoriesisgoodfun.Youalreadyknow____15____isgoingtohappen,sowhenyourereadit,youcanimagineyouareinthesettingofthestory.Itgivesyouanopportunity____16____(think)aboutwhetherthebookhasamoraloradeepermeaning.Storiescanhelpyoudealwithyouremotionsaswell.Rereadingthemisanotherwaytofeelgoodemotionsandstop____17____(feel)annoyed.There’salwayssomethingnewtofindoutwhenyourereadit.【答案】15.what16.tothink17.feeling【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述重讀故事的好處?！?5題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：你已經(jīng)知道了會(huì)發(fā)生什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，由句意可知表示“什么”，因而用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它使你有機(jī)會(huì)思考這本書是有道德意義還是有更深的含義。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填入不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tothink。【17題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：重讀它們是另一種感受良好情緒和停止煩惱的方式。stopdoing表示“停止做某事”，因此設(shè)空處需填入現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填feeling。點(diǎn)睛】C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Yourpersonalityshapesyou.Personalityisthecharacteristicpatternsofthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors____18____makeapersonunique.Understandingpersonalityallowsus____19____(predict)howpeoplewillrespondtocertainsituationsandwhattheypreferandvalue.Forexample,anoutgoingpersonmayjumpforjoywhenfacingnewexperiences,whileashypersonmayfeel____20____(embarrass)infrontofalargegroupofpeople.【答案】18.which##that19.topredict20.embarrassed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是什么是人格和理解人格的作用?！?8題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：人格是使一個(gè)人獨(dú)一無(wú)二的思想、情感和行為的特征模式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，先行詞patterns是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which/that，故填which/that?！?9題詳解】考查不定式和固定短語(yǔ)。句意：理解人格可以讓我們預(yù)測(cè)人們對(duì)特定情況的反應(yīng)，以及他們的喜好和價(jià)值。allowsb.todosth.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“允許某人做某事”，因此空格處是不定式topredict，故填topredict?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：例如，一個(gè)外向的人在面對(duì)新的經(jīng)歷時(shí)可能會(huì)高興得跳起來(lái)，而一個(gè)害羞的人可能會(huì)在一大群人面前感到尷尬。feel后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，修飾person用ed形容詞，即embarrassed，意為“感到尷尬的”，故填embarrassed。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWelcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear（鞋類）intheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwithenvy.HereattheFootwearMuseumyoucanseeexhibits（展品）fromallovertheworld.YoucanfindoutaboutshoeswornbyeveryonefromtheAncientEgyptianstopopstars.Room1Thecelebrity（名人）footwearsectionisprobablythemostpopularintheentiremuseum.Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!Mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities’choiceoffootwearextremelyinteresting.Room2Mostofourvisitorsareamazed—andshocked—bythecollectionof“specialpurpose”shoesonexhibitionhereattheMuseumofFootwear.Forexample,thereareChineseshoesmadeofsilk,thatwerewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch!Room3Aswellasshoesandbootsthemuseumalsoexhibitsshoe-shapedobjects.Thevarietyisunbelievable.Forexample,thereisametallampthatresemblesapairofshoes,andGreekwinebottlesthatlikelegs!ThefootwearLibraryPeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyinourexcellentfootwearlibrary.Designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothesubjectoffootwear.21.Wherewouldyoufindafamoussinger’sshoes?ARoom1 B.Room2C.Room3 D.ThefootwearLibrary22.Allexhibitsineachroom________________.A.sharethesamethemeB.havethesameshapeC.aremadeofthesamematerialD.belongtothesamesocialclass23.Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto__________________.A.doresearchB.designshoesCvisitthemuseumD.followcelebrities【答案】21.A22.A23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于鞋類收藏品的博物館?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!”可知，一號(hào)房間里有從女王、總統(tǒng)、流行歌星到演員的鞋子和靴子，因此在一號(hào)房間你能看到著名歌手的鞋，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Room1，Room2及Room3的內(nèi)容可知，每個(gè)房間的展品都有一個(gè)共同的主題——鞋類，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear（鞋類）intheworld”可知，歡迎來(lái)到世界上最大的鞋類收藏博物館之一，由此可知，這篇文章的目的是吸引更多的人來(lái)參觀這個(gè)博物館，故C項(xiàng)正確。B閱讀理解。Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However,itwasn'tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother'slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk“Dog”,anddogscanlearnhowtotalk“Cat”.What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother'sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother'spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon'tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.24.Theunderlinedword“swimmingly”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.early B.sweetlyC.quickly D.smoothly25.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A.Theyeatandsleeptogether.B.Theyobserveeachother'sbehaviors.C.Theylearntospeakeachother'slanguage.D.Theyknowsomethingfromeachother'svoices.26.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanthoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanexpected27.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了貓和狗可以和睦相處，并呼吁人類應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)和諧相處?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.(三分之二的受訪家庭表示，他們的貓狗關(guān)系良好。)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子意思是：根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，如果貓?jiān)诠分氨皇震B(yǎng)，而且它們是在很小的時(shí)候被引進(jìn)的(貓不到6個(gè)月，狗不到一年)，這兩只寵物很可能會(huì)相處得很好。如果采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧埮c狗之間是可以和平相處的，因而“swimmingly”應(yīng)該是“順利地；輕易地”之意。D項(xiàng)smoothly意為“平穩(wěn)地；順利地”，切合題意。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother'slanguage(研究人員觀察到一種令人驚訝的行為。他們正在學(xué)習(xí)如何講彼此的語(yǔ)言)”可知，這個(gè)令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)便是貓與狗竟然能夠互相學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言。故選C。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother'sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother'spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroomeachother.(有趣的是，貓和狗似乎都在發(fā)展它們的智力。它們可以學(xué)習(xí)如何讀懂對(duì)方的身體信號(hào)，這表明它們之間的共同點(diǎn)可能比之前懷疑的要多。一旦熟悉了彼此的存在感和肢體語(yǔ)言，貓和狗就可以一起玩耍，面對(duì)面地打招呼，一起睡在沙發(fā)上。他們可以很容易地共用一個(gè)水碗，在某些情況下還會(huì)互相梳理毛發(fā)。)”可知，事實(shí)上貓與狗之間存在更多的共同點(diǎn)，它們并沒(méi)有我們想象中的那么格格不入。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?(狗和貓能在同一個(gè)家里和睦相處嗎？)”和最后一段“Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.(如果貓和狗都能學(xué)會(huì)和睦相處，人類當(dāng)然也有很大的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，通過(guò)貓與狗的研究可以得出我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)和諧相處。故選A。CTheproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld’secologicalbalance.Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandother(物種)thatdependonthetrees’flowersandfruits.Full-suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威脅)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests’plantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally,andeventuallytheworld’sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(種植園)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld’sclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutfull-suncoffeeproductionfromParagraph4?A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.C.Itslowsdownthelossofshadetrees.D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.29.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.A.entertain B.advertise C.instruct D.persuade30.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?(CP:CentralPointP:PointC:Conclusion)A. B.C. D.【答案】28.B29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了全日照的咖啡生產(chǎn)方式給環(huán)境和生態(tài)帶來(lái)的種種危害，呼吁人們購(gòu)買遮蔭種植的咖啡?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(種植園)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld’sclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.(在當(dāng)?shù)睾腿蚍秶鷥?nèi)，全日照咖啡種植園的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張可能意味著雨林生態(tài)的破壞。遮蔭樹的減少已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致世界氣候的輕微變化，研究表明，供氧氣的樹木的減少也會(huì)導(dǎo)致空氣污染和全球變暖)”可知，全日照咖啡的種植方式會(huì)導(dǎo)致空氣污染和全球變暖。故選B。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.(但消費(fèi)者確實(shí)有選擇。只要有可能，他們可以購(gòu)買遮蔭種植的咖啡，盡管價(jià)格更高。地球和人類未來(lái)的健康肯定比一杯廉價(jià)的咖啡更有價(jià)值)”可推知，作者寫作本文的目的是勸說(shuō)人們購(gòu)買遮蔭種植的咖啡。故選D。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段“Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld’secologicalbalance.(咖啡種植方式從遮蔭生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿照丈a(chǎn)，這危及了某些動(dòng)物和鳥類的生存，甚至擾亂了世界的生態(tài)平衡)”提出中心論點(diǎn)，全日照的咖啡生產(chǎn)方式帶來(lái)危害，第二段“Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.(在地方層面上，充足的陽(yáng)光場(chǎng)對(duì)森林的破壞會(huì)影響該地區(qū)的鳥類和動(dòng)物)”、第三段“Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威脅)humanlife.(在更全球化的層面上，為全日照咖啡田而破壞雨林也威脅著人類的生命)”以及第四段“Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantationscouldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.(在當(dāng)?shù)睾腿蚍秶鷥?nèi)，全日照咖啡種植園的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張可能意味著雨林生態(tài)的破壞)”從不同層面展開說(shuō)明，三段為并列關(guān)系，最后一段“Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.(很明顯，咖啡的種植方式會(huì)影響生活的許多方面，從當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境到全球生態(tài))”給出結(jié)論，所以A項(xiàng)能夠體現(xiàn)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潛在的)resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherunexpectedbenefitsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationsystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products(副產(chǎn)品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry!Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingstosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.31.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.32.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.33.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.34.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.B.Spaceexplorationprovidesthebestvalueformoney.C.Spaceexplorationcanbenefitscienceandtechnology.D.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章從人類天性的角度剖析了人類進(jìn)行太空探索的動(dòng)機(jī)，以及從中獲得的益處——太空探索可以幫助我們避免地球上潛在的一些問(wèn)題。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.(人類為什么要探索太空？為什么要花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間和精力去探索和研究那些沒(méi)有什么明顯好處的東西呢？為什么資源應(yīng)該花在太空上，而不是花在地球上的環(huán)境和人身上？可以理解的是，這些問(wèn)題經(jīng)常被問(wèn)到)”可知，作者用連續(xù)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)明人們對(duì)太空探索的意義的困惑，再結(jié)合下文段落對(duì)此進(jìn)行解答可推知，作者提出這些問(wèn)題是為了引出要討論的主題——太空探索的意義。故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.(也許最好的答案在于我們作為人類的基因構(gòu)成)”和“Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.(也許探索太空的最好理由是這種向任何可能的地方擴(kuò)張的遺傳傾向)”可知，本段給出的理由是人類的基因決定了人類傾向于向任何可能的地方擴(kuò)張，去探索太空，即人類天生就會(huì)這么做。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.(雖然地球是已知的唯一一個(gè)支持生命的星球，但人類的適應(yīng)能力肯定會(huì)允許我們?cè)谄渌乔蛏仙?”可知，人類的適應(yīng)能力使得人類居住在其他星球上成為可能。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段以問(wèn)題的形式引出對(duì)太空探索意義的思考，第二到五段從不同方面說(shuō)明進(jìn)行太空探索的原因，包括人類有向任何可能的地方擴(kuò)張的基因傾向，每個(gè)文明都會(huì)探索周圍環(huán)境以降低危險(xiǎn)，探索使得人類能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在能源，發(fā)現(xiàn)拯救自身的辦法，第六段用人類強(qiáng)大的適應(yīng)能力說(shuō)明人類有可能住在其他星球上，表達(dá)對(duì)未來(lái)的希望。由此可知，文章的主旨是太空探索可以幫助我們避免地球上潛在的一些問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorwhogrowupintherightfamily.Othersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence.____35____However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.____36____Togetreallygoodatsomething,youneedtospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime.Mostpeoplewon’tputinthattime.Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itwillfeellikeunbearablepain.Youwilllikelyquitbeforeyoubecomegoodatit.____37____Whenyouseepeoplewithgreatskillsorwhohaveachievedgreatsuccess,remembertheyhavededicatedahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.____38____Butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andyou’reprobablywrong.____39____Youmustalmostreachthepointofaddictionandkeepatitforalongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpectanyrewards.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteethelevelofsuccessyouwant.Butitwillguaranteeyoubecomereallygoodatwhateveryoudedicateyourselfto.A.That’sjusthowlifeis.B.Onecannotsucceedwithouttime.C.Andthen,youneedtomakeitpractical.D.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskillsandtalent.E.It’seasytothinktheygotluckyorwerebornwithraretalent.F.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.G.Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout.【答案】35.A36.C37.F38.E39.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了成功的關(guān)鍵在于設(shè)定目標(biāo)，投入大量時(shí)間和努力并堅(jiān)持不懈?！?5題詳解】上文“I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence.(我不會(huì)說(shuō)運(yùn)氣、天賦和環(huán)境不會(huì)發(fā)揮作用，因?yàn)樗鼈兊拇_會(huì)發(fā)揮作用。有些人出生在合適的家庭，而另一些人天生就很聰明)”說(shuō)明實(shí)際上運(yùn)氣、天賦和環(huán)境的確會(huì)發(fā)揮作用，A項(xiàng)“生活就是這樣?！背薪由衔?，并引出下文內(nèi)容“However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要設(shè)定一個(gè)目標(biāo))”，A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A。36題詳解】上文“However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要設(shè)定一個(gè)目標(biāo))”說(shuō)明你需要設(shè)定目標(biāo)，C項(xiàng)中it指代上文提及的goal，C項(xiàng)“然后，你需要讓它變得實(shí)用?！边M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明設(shè)定目標(biāo)后需要采取的做法，承接上文，符合題意。故選C。【37題詳解】上文“Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itwillfeellikeunbearablepain.Youwilllikelyquitbeforeyoubecomegoodatit.(如果你不喜歡你所做的事情，那將是難以忍受的痛苦。你可能會(huì)在擅長(zhǎng)之前就放棄)”說(shuō)明如果你不喜歡自己所做的事情，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的結(jié)果，所以要做自己喜歡做的事，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中somethingyoulove是關(guān)鍵詞匯，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這就是為什么許多成功人士建議你做自己喜歡的事情的一個(gè)重要原因?！背薪由衔模项}意。故選F。【38題詳解】上文“Whenyouseepeoplewithgreatskillsorwhohaveachievedgreatsuccess,remembertheyhavededicatedahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.(當(dāng)你看到那些擁有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，他們付出了巨大的代價(jià)，付出了生命中的很大一部分)”介紹擁有高超技能或取得成功的人們事實(shí)上是付出了代價(jià)的，E項(xiàng)中they指代上文中擁有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人，E項(xiàng)“人們很容易認(rèn)為他們很幸運(yùn)，或者天生就有罕見(jiàn)的天賦。”承接上文，并與下文“Butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andyou’reprobablywrong.(但那樣想對(duì)你沒(méi)有好處，而且你可能錯(cuò)了)”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合題意。故選E?！?9題詳解】下文“Youmustalmostreachthepointofaddictionandkeepatitforalongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpectanyrewards.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteethelevelofsuccessyouwant.Butitwillguaranteeyoubecomereallygoodatwhateveryoudedicateyourselfto.(你必須幾乎達(dá)到上癮的程度，并保持很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。如果你不愿意投入時(shí)間和工作，不要指望任何回報(bào)。持續(xù)的努力工作并不能保證你想要的成功水平。但這將保證你真正擅長(zhǎng)你所致力于的任何事情)”說(shuō)明你應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持不懈地做事，G項(xiàng)“無(wú)論你做什么，如果你想變得很棒，你需要日復(fù)一日地工作。”與下文語(yǔ)意一致，符合題意。故選G。第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第1-2題每小題2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。Doyouspendoveranhoureachdaytextingmessagestoyourfriends?Doyoufrequentlyignorework,study,andotheractivitiestocheckyourphoneformessages?Areyouanxiousandrestlessifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone?Ifyouanswer“yes”toanyofthequestions,thenitisverypossiblethatyouareatextaholic.Atextaholiccanbedefinedassomeonewhoisaddictedtosendingandreceivingmessages.Themainsymptoms(癥狀)areastrongdesiretotextmessages,whichtakesprecedence(優(yōu)先)overeverythingelse,andbadmoods,lowspiritsandalackofself-confidenceifmessagesfailtocomein.Therootoftheproblem,aswithmanyaddictions,isthedesiretoescapefromemotionaldifficultiessuchasstress,anxietyandrelationshipproblems.Expertswarnthattextaddictionislikelytobecomethemostcommonformofaddictioninthefuture,especiallyamongtheyoung．

Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyoumaybeatextaholic?Thekeyistogetyourlifebackinbalance.Makesureyouresisttheu