高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題閱讀 生活與學(xué)習(xí)

生活與學(xué)習(xí)（解析版）Illeism:TheancienttricktohelpyouthinkmorewiselyAsawriterspecialisinginpsychology,I'vecomeacrosshundredsofevidence-basedtipsforbetterthinking.Fewhaveprovenasusefultomeastheancientstrategyofilleism.Putsimply,illeismisthepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson,ratherthanthefirstperson.Therhetoricaldeviceisoftenusedbypoliticianstotrytogivetheirwordsanairofobjectivity.InhisaccountoftheGallicWar,forexample,theemperorJuliusCaesarwrote"Caesaravengedthepublic"ratherthan"Iavengedthepublic".Tothemodernear,illeismcansoundalittlesillyorpompous.Yetrecentpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatilleismcanbringsomerealcognitivebenefits.Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.Whenmakingpersonalchoices,webecometooimmersedinouremotions,whichcloudourthinkingandpreventusfromputtingourissuesinperspective.IfIhavereceivednegativefeedbackfromacolleague,forexample,myfeelingofembarrassmentmightleadmetobecomeoverlyself-defensive.Imightthereforedismisstheiropinionswithoutconsideringwhethertheiradvicecouldbehelpfulinthelong-term.Byswitchingtothethirdperson,ourdescriptionsofthesituationwillstarttosoundasifwearetalkingaboutsomeoneelseratherthanourselves.Thissenseofdetachmentwouldallowustoseethebiggerpicture,ratherthangettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.Byencouragingustoputourproblemsinperspective,theuseofilleismmayalsohelpustohaveamorebalancedresponsetodailystresses.【譯文欣賞】第三人稱(chēng)敘述法:幫助你更明智地思考的古老技巧作為一名專(zhuān)攻心理學(xué)的作家，我接觸過(guò)上百種提高思維能力的實(shí)證技巧。但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，很少有策略能像古老的“第三人稱(chēng)敘述法”（illeism）一樣有用。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，“illeism”就是用第三人稱(chēng)而不是第一人稱(chēng)來(lái)談?wù)撟约?。政治家為了給自己的話(huà)語(yǔ)增添一種客觀的感覺(jué)，經(jīng)常使用這種修辭手法。例如，凱撒大帝（JuliusCaesar）在敘述高盧戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)（GallicWar）時(shí)，寫(xiě)的是“凱撒為公眾報(bào)了仇”，而不是“我為公眾報(bào)了仇”。在現(xiàn)代人聽(tīng)來(lái)，用第三人稱(chēng)來(lái)談?wù)撟约嚎赡苡行┯薮阑蛘咦载?fù)。然而，最近的心理學(xué)研究表明，這種方式能給人帶來(lái)一些認(rèn)知方面的切實(shí)好處。如果我們?cè)谧瞿硞€(gè)決定時(shí)十分艱難，那么用第三人稱(chēng)談?wù)撟约?，就可以中和那些可能?dǎo)致我們誤入歧途的情緒，從而讓我們找到解決問(wèn)題更明智的辦法。在做個(gè)人選擇時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)過(guò)于沉浸在自己的情緒當(dāng)中，這會(huì)妨礙我們思考，使我們無(wú)法更全面地看清問(wèn)題。比方說(shuō)，如果我收到了一個(gè)同事的負(fù)面反饋，這種尷尬感就可能導(dǎo)致我過(guò)度自我防衛(wèi)。因此，我可能會(huì)無(wú)視他們的意見(jiàn)，而不去考慮這些建議從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看是否對(duì)自己有幫助。切換成第三人稱(chēng)后，我們對(duì)情況的描述聽(tīng)起來(lái)就像是在談?wù)搫e人，而不再是我們自己。這種疏離感能夠讓我們“格局打開(kāi)”，而不是陷在自己的感受當(dāng)中。通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)自己用全局視角看問(wèn)題，使用“第三人稱(chēng)敘述法”也可以幫助我們更加冷靜平和地應(yīng)對(duì)日常壓力。優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)整理優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)整理【詞匯積累】?jī)?yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)整理優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)整理1.illeism/??li??z?m/n.自稱(chēng)其名（用第三人稱(chēng)稱(chēng)呼自己）2.specialising/?sp???la?z??/v.專(zhuān)注于3.evidence-based/??v?d?nsbe?st/adj.基于證據(jù)的4.rhetorical/r??t??r?k?l/adj.修辭的5.objectivity/?ɑ?bd??k?t?v?ti/n.客觀性6.cognitive/?kɑ?ɡn?t?v/adj.認(rèn)知的7.neutralise/?nju?tr??la?z/v.中和，使無(wú)效8.emotions/??mo???nz/n.情緒9.detachment/d??t?t?m?nt/n.超然，客觀10.perspective/p?r?sp?kt?v/n.視角，觀點(diǎn)【長(zhǎng)難句分析】原句："Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem."譯文：如果我們?cè)噲D做出一個(gè)困難的決定，用第三人稱(chēng)談?wù)撟约嚎梢詭椭泻湍切┛赡苁刮覀兊乃季S偏離正軌的情緒，從而讓我們找到一個(gè)更明智的解決方案。分析：主句:speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,|+--[主語(yǔ):speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdperson]+--[謂語(yǔ):canhelp]+--[補(bǔ)語(yǔ):toneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray]分詞短語(yǔ):allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.|+--[動(dòng)詞:allowing]+--[賓語(yǔ):us]+--[不定式短語(yǔ):tofindawisersolutiontoourproblem]（一）（2024·廣東廣州·二模）Traintheimportantskillsmoderneditorsusetoevaluateandenhancewritingforclarity,precisionandaccuracy.Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization.Understandingthedifferentchallengesinaneditor’sjob,studentswillgetabehind-the-sceneslookatthissometimesbusyandoftenexcitingcareer.Meanwhile,studentswillgrowtheirowntechnicaleditingskillsandreturnhomeamorecompetenteditor.UsingGenZEraastheircasestudy,studentswillmeetandstudyunderthepeoplewhodecidewhattopicsarerelevantandvaluabletotheaudienceandwhodeterminetheoveralleditorialstrategy,ensuringthatthecontentmeetsthestandardsandtoneofthepublication.CourseHighlights●Visitthemediacityandattendlecturesbyaward-winningguestspeakers.●Assessarticlesaswellasquestionandcoachtheauthorstogetthebestpiecepossible.●Connectwithprofessionalswhomanagethedevelopmentandpublicationofaccurateandworthycontent.●Editonepieceintoawell-writtenandfact-checkedarticleinthestyleofGenZEra.Price●ResidentialProgram(Studentsliveoncampus):$6,600●DayProgram(Studentscommutetoclasseveryday):$5,500(Graduatingseniorscanhavea$400discountifapplyingbeforeMay2,2024.)TermDate:July9-July21,2024ApplicationDeadline:Friday,May31,2024ContactAdmission:info@1.Whichistheprobablenameofthecourse?A.CareerDevelopmentinMedia. B.EditorialDecision-making.C.FundamentalsofEditing. D.IntroductiontoPublication.2.Whatwillstudentsdointhecourse?A.Interviewaward-winningguests. B.Helpauthorsimprovetheirarticles.C.Connectwithprofessionalpublishers. D.EditonearticleforGenZEra.3.AgraduatingseniorapplyingforaDayProgramonApril30,2024shouldpay_______.A.$5,100 B.$5,500 C.$6,200 D.$6,600【答案速查】1.C2.B3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了編輯基礎(chǔ)課程的相關(guān)信息、課程內(nèi)容及價(jià)格。【詳情解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Traintheimportantskillsmoderneditorsusetoevaluateandenhancewritingforclarity,precisionandaccuracy.(培訓(xùn)現(xiàn)代編輯評(píng)估和提高寫(xiě)作清晰度、精確性和準(zhǔn)確性的重要技能)”及第二段“Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization.(在這門(mén)課程中，學(xué)生將學(xué)習(xí)編輯如何處理投稿的文章，超越句子級(jí)別的錯(cuò)誤，從準(zhǔn)確性、風(fēng)格和組織的角度看問(wèn)題)”可知，本文介紹了一門(mén)基礎(chǔ)編輯課程。C選項(xiàng)“編輯基礎(chǔ)”最有可能是該課程名稱(chēng)。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseHighlights中關(guān)鍵句“Assessarticlesaswellasquestionandcoachtheauthorstogetthebestpiecepossible.(評(píng)估文章，并提問(wèn)和指導(dǎo)作者盡可能獲得最好的文章)”可知，在這門(mén)課程中，學(xué)生們會(huì)幫助作者改進(jìn)他們的文章。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Price中關(guān)鍵句“DayProgram(Studentscommutetoclasseveryday):$5,500(日間項(xiàng)目（學(xué)生每天通勤去上課）：5500美元)”及“Graduatingseniorscanhavea$400discountifapplyingbeforeMay2,2024.(如果在2024年5月2日前申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生可以獲得400美元的折扣)”可知，一個(gè)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生在2024年4月30日去申請(qǐng)日間項(xiàng)目，需要花費(fèi)5500-400美元，即5100美元。故選A。原句原句"Inthiscourse,studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization."譯文在這門(mén)課程中，學(xué)生將學(xué)習(xí)編輯如何處理提交的文章，超越句子層面的錯(cuò)誤，關(guān)注準(zhǔn)確性、風(fēng)格和組織等大局。分析這是一個(gè)由逗號(hào)連接的復(fù)合句。主句:studentswilllearnhowaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece,|+--[主語(yǔ):students]+--[謂語(yǔ):willlearn]+--[賓語(yǔ)從句:howaneditorapproachesasubmittedpiece]補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization.|+--[現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ):goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization]|+--[并列結(jié)構(gòu):goingbeyondsentence-levelerrorandlookingatthebigpicturearoundaccuracy,styleandorganization]1.1.evaluate/??v?ljue?t/v.評(píng)估 2.enhance/?n?h?ns/v.提高3.accuracy/??kj?r?si/n.準(zhǔn)確性 4.insights/??n?sa?ts/n.洞察力5.dynamic/da??n?m?k/adj.動(dòng)態(tài)的 6.proficient/pr??f??nt/adj.熟練的7.curating/?kj?re?t??/v.策劃 8.relevant/?rel?v?nt/adj.相關(guān)的9.optimal/?ɑ?pt?m?l/adj.最優(yōu)的 10.publication/?p?bl??ke??n/n.出版物（二）（2024·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSageWaiteisalreadytakingaclassincybersecurity,andshe’dwelcomeonethat’sintheworksoncyberdisinformation.“Forthelongesttime,Ididn’tactuallyknowwhatdisinformationwas,”saidWaite,who’sinthe11thgrade.“Therewasalwaystheideathatthingscouldbewronginwhatyou’rehearingandwhatyou’rebeingtold.Buttheideaofmisinformationanddisinformationwasn’tinmyday-to-day.”Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenaneye-opener.“MyfriendsandIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat,”shesaid.Anewprogramon“digitalliteracy,”withafocusontopicslikedisinformation,isinthepipeline,thanksinparttoMikeMcConnell,whoisnowworkingtofightfalseinformationaimedatyoungpeople.“Weneedtounderstandthissowecanappreciatewhat'shappeningtous,andbeabletonotonlyunderstandit,butalsotonavigatethroughit,”McConnellsaid.“That’swhatIcalldigitalliteracy.”McConnellisexecutivedirectorofCyberFlorida,whichisbasedattheUniversityofSouthFloridainTampa.Thegroupworkswithkidsthroughoutthestateatuniversities,highschools,andeventhoseinyoungergrades.CyberFloridahelpedsetupthecybersecurityprogramnowbeingtaughtatmanyFloridaschools.Thenewproject,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.“WethinkifwecandothisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacrossthenation,”hesaid.TheexpandedprogramnowintheworksaimstomakedigitalliteracysomethingallFloridastudentsget,atseveralgradelevels,beforetheyfinishhighschool.There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.“TheInternetisawonderfultool.It’sconnectedusinawaythat’sneverreallybeenseenbefore.Butit’sablessingandit’salsoacurse.”Teachingstudentsthedifference,hesays,isahugechallenge.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheclassthatSageWaiteistakingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itreceivesacoldwelcome. B.Itaimstoformabond.C.Itfocusesontechnologies. D.Ithasapositiveimpact.5.WhatisdigitalliteracyaccordingtoMeConnell?A.Thespecificstrategiesforprotectingprivacy. B.Theinborncapacitytotrackfakeinformation.C.Thegeneralskillsofmaintainingcybersecurity. D.Theoverallabilitytohandleonlineinformation.6.WhatisthevisionofCyberCitizenship?A.TooutperformCybersecuritiy. B.Totaketheleadintheworld.C.Toreachawiderrangeofstudents. D.Tomakeasubstantialprofit.7.WhatisJasonFelt’sattitudetowardsthecyberdisinformationclasses?A.Welcoming. B.Unclear. C.Opposed. D.Prejudiced.【答案速查】4.D5.D6.C7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文講述了MikeMcConnell開(kāi)展數(shù)字素養(yǎng)課程項(xiàng)目?！驹斍榻馕觥?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AtCountrysideHighSchoolinClearwater,Fla.,16-year-oldSageWaiteisalreadytakingaclassincybersecurity,andshe’dwelcomeonethat’sintheworksoncyberdisinformation.”（在佛羅里達(dá)州克利爾沃特的鄉(xiāng)村高中，16歲的SageWaite已經(jīng)在上網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全課程，她很歡迎正在學(xué)習(xí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課程。）及第二段中的“Thispastyear,shesays,hasbeenaneye-opener.“MyfriendsandIdefinitelystartedlookingintostuffmoreanddoingmoreresearchafterthat,”shesaid.”(她說(shuō)，過(guò)去的一年讓人大開(kāi)眼界。她說(shuō)：“我和我的朋友們肯定開(kāi)始更多地研究這些東西，并在那之后做更多的研究?！?可知，這門(mén)課讓她開(kāi)了眼界，并產(chǎn)生了一些積極影響，故選D項(xiàng)。5.推理判斷題。從第三段““Weneedtounderstandthissowecanappreciatewhat’shappeningtous,andbeabletonotonlyunderstandit,butalsotonavigatethroughit,”McConnellsaid.“That’swhatIcalldigitalliteracy.””(McConnell說(shuō)：“我們需要理解這一點(diǎn)，這樣我們才能理解發(fā)生在我們身上的事情，不僅能夠理解它，而且能夠駕馭它,”“這就是我所說(shuō)的數(shù)字素養(yǎng)?！?可知，數(shù)字素養(yǎng)是對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息的綜合處理能力。故選D項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段“Thenewproject,CyberCitizenship,isevenmoreambitious.“WethinkifwecandothisforFlorida,wecanspreaditacrossthenation,”hesaid.”（新項(xiàng)目“網(wǎng)絡(luò)公民”更具雄心。他說(shuō)：“我們認(rèn)為，如果我們能為佛羅里達(dá)州做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就能將其傳播到全國(guó)?！保┛芍?，這個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目構(gòu)想是推廣到全國(guó)的學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第三段“There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit..”(佛羅里達(dá)州的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課程還沒(méi)有日期，但計(jì)算機(jī)老師JasonFelt表示，這還不夠快，他已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好接受它。)可知，JasonFelt對(duì)這個(gè)課程很期待。故選A項(xiàng)。原句原句"There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,butcomputerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit."譯文佛羅里達(dá)州的網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息課程尚未確定日期，但計(jì)算機(jī)教師杰森·費(fèi)爾特說(shuō)，他希望課程盡快開(kāi)始，并且他已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好接受這項(xiàng)課程。分析主句1:There’snodateyetforthecyberdisinformationclassesinFlorida,連接詞:but主句2:computerteacherJasonFeltsaysitcan’tcomesoonenoughandheisreadytoembraceit.|+--[主句:computerteacherJasonFeltsays]|+--[主語(yǔ):computerteacherJasonFelt]+--[謂語(yǔ):says]賓語(yǔ)從句1:itcan’tcomesoonenough賓語(yǔ)從句2:andheisreadytoembraceit1.1.cybersecurity/?sa?b?rs??kj?r?ti/n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全 2.disinformation/?d?s?nf?r?me???n/n.虛假信息3.misinformation/?m?s?nf?r?me???n/n.錯(cuò)誤信息 4.eye-opener/?a??o?p?n?r/n.使人大開(kāi)眼界的事物5.digitalliteracy/?d?d??t?l?l?t?r?si/n.數(shù)字素養(yǎng) 6.pipeline/?pa?p?la?n/n.管道；籌劃中7.ambitious/?m?b???s/adj.雄心勃勃的 8.navigate/?n?v??ɡe?t/v.導(dǎo)航；應(yīng)對(duì)9.embrace/?m?bre?s/v.擁抱；接受 10.curse/k??rs/n.詛咒；禍害（三）（2024·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatisabarrier?Itusuallyreferstoanobstacleoradifficultythatpreventsyoufromachievingsomething.Whetheritwasinyourpast,oryou’representlyfacingone,youhavetoresolveit.Whilemanypeopleavoidbarriers,denytheirexistenceorletbarrierscontrolthemselves,whatstandyoutakeonbarrierswilldefinetheoutcomeofwhetheryourisefromthechallenge,orremainstuckinit.Herearesomemoregreatthingstoloveaboutbarriers.Firstofall,barriersgiveyoumotivations.Sometimesbarrierscanresetyourgoals.Youmightbefacedwithsetbacksordifficulties,you’reforcedtore-think,andre-examineyourpath.Youmayendupfocusingonsomethingnewandexciting.Or,youmayconcentrateonsomethingthatyouotherwisewouldn’thaveifnotfortheparticularsetback.Byhavingtoovercomeanobstacle,you’llbefulfillingapurpose,ratherthanjustgoingthroughthemotions.Also,barriersprepareyoufortheunexpected.Theyserveasguidesforwheretogonext.Eventhoughbarrierscanbringoutmanynegativeemotionsinus,suchasfrustration,anger,orsadness,it’simportanttorealizethattheydon’tstopyoufromreachingyourintendedgoals.Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthinkifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhatyoucanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway.Barriersshiftyourperspective.Barriers,moreoftenthannot,areunavoidable.Lifewillneverstopthrowingyounewbarriers.So,thebestthingtodoisknowhowtobetterseeandapproachtheseobstacles,andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforself-improvement.Themoreyou’reabletoseebarriersasbeinganadvantagetoyourlife,thebetteryou’llbeatmanagingthem.Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.8.Whatisthedeterminingfactoroftheoutcomewhenfacingbarriers?A.Yourspecificgoals. B.Yourownattitude.C.Yourdiversepreparations. D.Yourstrongwillpower.9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbarriers?A.Theybringyoupositiveemotions.B.Theypreventyoufromrealizingyourgoals.C.Theyareavoidableifyouprepareforthemwell.D.Theyenableyoutoviewthingsinadifferentway.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“approach”inparagraph4mean?A.Tocopewith. B.Togoover.C.Tocomeneartosb. D.Tospeaktosbaboutsth.11.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Lifeisalwaysthrowingusbarriers. B.Barriersaredouble-edgedswords.C.Embracingbarriersbenefitsalot. D.Meetingbarriersisactuallyavoidable.【答案速查】8.B9.D10.A11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了是什么是障礙以及障礙會(huì)給你帶來(lái)的好處。接受障礙是有益的，這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)更好的自己?！驹斍榻馕觥?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilemanypeopleavoidbarriers,denytheirexistenceorletbarrierscontrolthemselves,whatstandyoutakeonbarrierswilldefinetheoutcomeofwhetheryourisefromthechallenge,orremainstuckinit.”（當(dāng)許多人回避障礙，否認(rèn)它們的存在或讓障礙控制自己時(shí)，你對(duì)障礙的立場(chǎng)將決定你是從挑戰(zhàn)中崛起，還是陷入困境。）以及倒數(shù)第二段中“So,thebestthingtodoisknowhowtobetterseeandapproachtheseobstacles,andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforself-improvement.Themoreyou’reabletoseebarriersasbeinganadvantagetoyourlife,thebetteryou’llbeatmanagingthem.”（所以，最好的辦法就是知道如何更好地看待和處理這些障礙，并將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為自我提升的機(jī)會(huì)。你越能把障礙看作是你生活中的優(yōu)勢(shì)，你就越能更好地處理它們。）可推知，當(dāng)面對(duì)障礙時(shí)，決定結(jié)果的因素是你自己的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Youmightbefacedwithsetbacksordifficulties,you’reforcedtore-think,andre-examineyourpath.”（你可能會(huì)遇到挫折或困難，你被迫重新思考，重新審視你的道路。）以及第三段中“Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthinkifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhatyoucanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway.”（相反，在某種程度上，它們會(huì)給你時(shí)間停下來(lái)思考是否有一條新的更好的道路可以走，以及你可以為沿途發(fā)生的事情做些什么準(zhǔn)備。）可知，關(guān)于障礙，“它們能讓你以不同的方式看待事物”這個(gè)陳述是正確的。故選D項(xiàng)。10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lifewillneverstopthrowingyounewbarriers.”（生活永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止給你設(shè)置新的障礙。）以及劃線(xiàn)單詞句中“andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforself-improvement.”（并將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為自我提升的機(jī)會(huì)。）由此可知，此處為：所以，最好的辦法就是知道如何更好地看待和處理這些障礙。故可此處劃線(xiàn)單詞approach為“處理”的意思，結(jié)合A選項(xiàng)中的Tocopewith“應(yīng)付，處理”意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段“Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.”（接受障礙是有益的，這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)更好的自己。）可知，文章主要講的是什么是障礙以及障礙會(huì)給你帶來(lái)的好處。接受障礙是有益的，這會(huì)讓你不斷改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)更好的自己。由此可知，這篇文章的主旨是“擁抱障礙會(huì)帶來(lái)很多好處”。故選C項(xiàng)。原句原句"Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself."譯文接受障礙將是有益的，這將使你不斷地改變和適應(yīng)新的情況，從而讓你成長(zhǎng)為更好的自己。分析這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，由主句、定語(yǔ)從句和分詞短語(yǔ)組成。主句:Itwillberewardingtoacceptbarriers,定語(yǔ)從句:whichwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,|+--[先行詞:barriers]+--[謂語(yǔ):willmake]+--[賓語(yǔ):you]+--[賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):constantlychangeandadapttonewsituations]|+--[并列結(jié)構(gòu):changeandadapt]+--[狀語(yǔ):constantly]+--[狀語(yǔ):tonewsituations]分詞短語(yǔ):thusallowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.1.1.barrier/?b?ri?r/n.障礙 2.obstacle/?ɑ?bst?kl/n.障礙3.resolve/r??zɑ?lv/v.解決 4.deny/d??na?/v.否認(rèn)5.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.結(jié)果 6.motivation/?mo?t??ve??n/n.動(dòng)力7.setback/?s?tb?k/n.挫折 8.fulfilling/f?l?f?l??/adj.令人滿(mǎn)足的9.perspective/p?r?spekt?v/n.觀點(diǎn) 10.transform/tr?ns?f??rm/v.轉(zhuǎn)變（四）（2024·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）CharlesDarwinfoundinspirationforhistheoryofevolutioninbirds'beaks,gianttortoiseshells—andlanguage.“Thesurvivalorpreservationofcertainfavoredwordsinthestruggleforexistenceisnaturalselection,hewroteinTheDescentofManin1871.Languagegraduallyshiftsovertime.Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactorsinfluencelanguagechange,butverylittlewrestleswiththeforcesofhumancognitive(selectionthatfixcertainwordsintothevocabulary.Foranextensivenewstudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat.Thescientistscarriedouttwoexperimentsandtheresultscombinetoshowthreepropertiesthatgivewordsan“evolutionaryadvantage”byhelpingthemstickinthebrain:First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyagesuchas“hand”or“today”)arestabler.Next,concretewordslingerbetterthanabstractones:“dog”lastslongerthan“animal,”whichlastslongerthan“organism.”Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords—whethernegativeorpositive—tendtolast.Earlylanguage-evolutionmodelsassumedthatlanguagebecomesincreasinglycomplexovertime.Butthisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,asthestudynotes,“theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk.”O(jiān)neresearcherexplains:“Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.”Newwordsthataddressthecomplexityofmodemlifemaysomewhatbalanceoutthisshift.Theproposedtrendtoward“simpler”languageiscontroversial.ColumbiaUniversitylinguistJohnMeWhortermoreorlessagreeswiththestudy'sresultsaboutevolutionaryadvantageswithinlanguage.Hequestions,however,implicationsregardingtheoverallefficiencyofEnglish—alanguagehesayscontainsthingslike“needlesslycomplex”grammaticaltraces.StudyleadauthorYingLi,apsychologistattheChineseAcademyofSciencesandanon-nativeEnglishspeaker,notesthatEnglishhadevenmorepuzzlinggrammarinthepast.MeWhorter,Lisupposes,“wouldcomplainmoreifhetraveledback800yearsago.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Theoriginofcertainfavoredwords B.Thesocialinfluenceonlanguageformation.C.Thecognitivecontroloverlanguageevolution. D.Theenvironmentalfactorinlanguagedecline.13.Whichgroupmaylastlongestaccordingtothe“evolutionaryadvantage”?A.Mother;cup;happy. B.Hope;trend;realism.C.Metal;plastic;virus. D.Tax;smog;anxious.14.Whichstatementisconsistentwiththefindingsofthenewstudy?A.ItgetshardertocommunicateinEnglish.B.Newwordstendtobeshorterandsimpler.C.ThecomplexityofEnglishhasbeentotallylost.D.TheefficiencyofEnglishimprovesasitevolves.15.HowdoesYingLirespondtoJohnMeWhorter'squestioning?A.Liprovidesextradata. B.Limakesanassumption.C.Liconsultsahistoricalauthority. D.Lisuggestsasolution.【答案速查】12.C13.A14.D15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于語(yǔ)言進(jìn)化的研究?？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些詞匯在人類(lèi)認(rèn)知選擇中具有“進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)”，從而更容易被記住和使用。【詳情解析】12.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactorsinfluencelanguagechange,butverylittlewrestleswiththeforcesofhumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)selectionthatfixcertainwordsintothevocabulary.Foranextensivenewstudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat(許多研究都在探討社會(huì)和環(huán)境因素如何影響語(yǔ)言變化，但很少有人深入研究人類(lèi)認(rèn)知選擇的力量，這種力量將某些詞匯固定在詞匯表中。一項(xiàng)廣泛的新研究發(fā)表在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上，科學(xué)家們正是對(duì)此進(jìn)行了調(diào)查)”可知以前的研究是關(guān)于社會(huì)和環(huán)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言變化的影響，而這個(gè)研究填補(bǔ)的空白是人類(lèi)認(rèn)知對(duì)語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的作用力。所以第二段劃線(xiàn)詞指代的是人類(lèi)認(rèn)知對(duì)語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的作用力，故選C。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyage(suchas‘hand’or‘today’)arestabler.Next,concretewordslingerbetterthanabstractones:‘dog’lastslongerthan‘a(chǎn)nimal,’whichlastslongerthan‘organism.’Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords—whethernegativeorpositive—tendtolast.(首先，通常在兒童早期習(xí)得的詞匯（如“手”或“今天”）更為穩(wěn)定。其次，具體的詞匯比抽象的詞匯更持久：“狗”的持續(xù)時(shí)間比“動(dòng)物”長(zhǎng)，而“動(dòng)物”的持續(xù)時(shí)間又比“生物”長(zhǎng)。最后，無(wú)論是消極還是積極的情感激動(dòng)詞，往往都會(huì)持續(xù)存在)”可知，生命早期較之后期習(xí)得的詞匯，具體的詞匯較之抽象的詞匯，以及與情緒相關(guān)的詞匯在人的頭腦中持續(xù)得較久。綜合比較而言A選項(xiàng)詞匯Mother,cup,happy都屬于生命早期習(xí)得的詞匯，mother,cup是具體詞匯，happy是情緒相關(guān)的詞匯，所以A項(xiàng)詞匯有可能持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，故選A。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Butthisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,asthestudynotes,‘theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk’.Oneresearcherexplains:‘Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.’Newwordsthataddressthecomplexityofmodernlifemaysomewhatbalanceoutthisshift(但這項(xiàng)新研究支持了一個(gè)較新的理論，即語(yǔ)言最終會(huì)變得更加高效和易于理解。然而，正如研究指出的那樣，“英語(yǔ)不是嬰兒語(yǔ)言”。一位研究人員解釋說(shuō)：“是的，我們轉(zhuǎn)向簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言，但隨后我們也會(huì)使用我們需要的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言?！庇脕?lái)描述現(xiàn)代生活復(fù)雜性的新詞可能會(huì)在一定程度上平衡這種轉(zhuǎn)變)”可知，英語(yǔ)總體變得越來(lái)越有效率和愈來(lái)愈簡(jiǎn)單，并非新詞匯變得越來(lái)越短，也并沒(méi)有完全失去復(fù)雜性。故選D。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“StudyleadauthorYingLi,apsychologistattheChineseAcademyofSciencesandanon-nativeEnglishspeaker,notesthatEnglishhadevenmorepuzzlinggrammarinthepast.MeWhorter,Lisupposes,“wouldcomplainmoreifhetraveledback800yearsago(該研究的主要作者、中國(guó)科學(xué)院心理學(xué)家兼非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者李穎指出，英語(yǔ)過(guò)去的語(yǔ)法甚至更令人困惑。李穎推測(cè)，如果梅沃特回到800年前，他“會(huì)抱怨得更多”。)”可知，李穎使用了一種假設(shè)的方法回應(yīng)梅沃特的質(zhì)疑，故選B。原句原句"Butthisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,asthestudynotes,‘theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk’."譯文但這項(xiàng)新的研究支持了一個(gè)更近期的理論，即語(yǔ)言最終變得更有效率，更容易理解。盡管如此，正如研究所指出的，“英語(yǔ)并不是幼兒語(yǔ)言”。分析But[主句:thisnewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand]|+--[賓語(yǔ)從句:thatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand]|+--[補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:ultimately](副詞，意為“最終”)Still,[過(guò)渡句:asthestudynotes,‘theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk’]|+--[引用內(nèi)容:‘theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk’]1.1.inspiration/??nsp??re??n/n.靈感 2.evolution/?i?v??lu??n/n.進(jìn)化3.preservation/?pr?z?r?ve??n/n.保存 4.selection/s??l?k?n/n.選擇5.influence/??nflu?ns/v.影響 6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.認(rèn)知的7.extensive/?k?st?ns?v/adj.廣泛的 8.concrete/?k??kri?t/adj.具體的9.efficiency/??f???nsi/n.效率 10.controversial/?k?ntr??v????l/adj.有爭(zhēng)議的（五）（2024·四川成都·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Inordertobettersurviveintheworldfilledwithchallenges,weourselvesneedtobewise.16Letmetellyouthis.Wisdomprovidesuswithperspectivesandcalmsusdowninterriblesituations.Herearesomeeffectivestrategiesthatwecanusetogetwiser.17Thiswillopenupnewpathwaysforus.Neverbaseyourperspectiveonthemostpopularopinionorwhichisthemostcomfortableforyou.Instead,trainyourmindtobeajudgment-freespaceforideas.Ifyouarehumbleenough,youwillalwaysgettoexperiencesomethingnew.Meanwhile,you’resupposedtobethekindofpersonwholearnssomethingneweveryday.Takenewclasses,readbooksandthelistgoesonandon.18Alloftheseactivitieswillhelpyoutotackleproblemsfromdifferentangles,makingeverythingeasier.Whatifyoulackself-disciplineorneedtimelyguidance?Maybethebestwayistohavewisepeopleasyourmentors(導(dǎo)師),liketeachers,colleaguesandevenspecialfriends.Priortomakingthemamentor,findoutwhatmakesthemwiser,andthenengageinusefuldialoguewiththem.19Ifyouhaveaccumulatedalotofknowledge,thenwhynotshareitwithotherstoo?20Intoday’sworld,itisveryeasytobecomewisebutitisn’teasytohelpothers.Sokeepthingsbalancedandneverletgoofyourpassionsandvalues.Thiswillpavethepathtosuccess.A.Whyiswisdomcrucialinthismodernworld?B.Changeyourroutineandseewherelifetakesyou.C.Therefore,youcanaskthemtosuperviseyouorimitatetheirmindset.D.TrysurfingtheInternetandclearoutyourproblemsthatconfuseyou.E.Sometimeswecanbenefitalotfrombeingopentodiverseperspectives.F.Byspendingmoretimewiththem,therewillbemoretransferofknowledgetoyou.G.Communicatingwithothersandhelpingthemoutwillalsoincreaseyourwisdom.【答案速查】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者就如何獲得人生智慧給出了建議，幫助讀者更好地面對(duì)充滿(mǎn)挑戰(zhàn)的世界以及生活中的困境?！驹斍榻馕觥?6.下文“Letmetellyouthis.Wisdomprovidesuswithperspectivesandcalmsusdowninterriblesituations.(讓我告訴你。智慧為我們提供視角，讓我們?cè)谠愀獾那闆r下冷靜下來(lái)。)”回答了智慧為什么如此重要的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)A“為什么智慧在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)如此重要？”引出下文。故選A項(xiàng)。17.下文“Neverbaseyourperspective