Unit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoverUsefulStructures非限制性定語從句課件高中英語人教版選擇性

DiscoverusefulstructuresTodistinguishnon-restrictiverelativeclausesfromrestrictiverelativeclauses.Tomakesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Readthefollowingsentencesandunderlinetherelativeclauses.Thennamethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.restrictiverelativeclausefunction:modifythekindofmedicaltreatmentstheytested.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonorsapersoncanreceive.non-restrictiverelativeclause

3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.non-restrictiverelativeclause4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.non-restrictiverelativeclause

function:giveextrainformationaboutNobelPrizefunction:giveextrainformationaboutHainanfunction:giveextrainformationaboutpatients定語從句就其與先行詞的關(guān)系可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。non-restrictiverelativeclauses一、形式不同限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系密切，其間通常不用逗號(hào)隔開，非限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系不密切，常用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatowncarsisincreasing.IspoketoDr.Smithjustnow,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.二、作用不同限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾和限制，如果去掉會(huì)造成句意的不完整；非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞是修飾，補(bǔ)充解釋說明或?qū)χ骶溥M(jìn)行評(píng)述，去掉不影響。如：Franklinwasthefirstmanwhodiscoveredthenatureofelectricity.Franklin,whowasveryyoung,discoveredthenatureofelectricity.先行詞往往是抽象，不夠具體的先行詞：具體，從句旨在補(bǔ)充說明評(píng)述先行詞或主句三、先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞，非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。如：Thingsthenimproved,whichsurprisedme.（先行詞為整個(gè)主句）四、關(guān)系詞不同限制性定語從句可以由that,why引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句不用that和why引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中通常不省略。如：Therewereveryfewpassengersthat/whohadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Therewereveryfewpassengers,whohadescapedwithoutseriousinjury.Haveyoufoundthebook(that/which)youwant?【拓展】無論是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句，只要關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，都用whose引導(dǎo)。如：Iliketheteacherwhoseclassesareveryinterestingandlively.Edward,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.關(guān)系副詞或“介詞+which/whom”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：Hewasbornintheyearwhen/inwhichthewarbrokeout.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,where/inwhichmygrandparentslive.

【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomRewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently?ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whodiscoveredpenicillin.步驟：尋找兩個(gè)句子的相同成分，由此確定先行詞/所修飾補(bǔ)充說明的成分，選用合適的引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)代、關(guān)副），并使用逗號(hào)將其主句（傳達(dá)句子意義的主干部分）和從句在一起。Example1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,where(=inwhich)Hitlerwasinpower.theoldmanHe=?我們對(duì)那個(gè)老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承認(rèn)失敗。Germanythere=?后來，愛因斯坦不得不逃離德國(guó)，在那里希特勒掌權(quán)。Practice3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavoritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavoritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.她的?_______我們幫不了Linda，她的境況超出了我們的控制。=?______老師要求我們聽他最喜愛的小說家J.K.羅琳的演講，這個(gè)（演講）讓我們非常鼓舞。5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei--afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei--afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.=?_________這個(gè)正在建的樓是由美籍華人I.M.裴所設(shè)計(jì)的，他生于中國(guó)廣州。=?__我被要求借助流程圖來解釋這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,這件事對(duì)我來說是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausestogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmembers.I’dliketotry…,I'dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1.Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2.Whatimpressedmemost…,…3.Myfavoritescientistis…,…4.Finallywearrivedat…,…5.Mygrandparentslike…,…6.Iwishtoobtain…,…7.Mybestfriend…,…Summary限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句provideexplanationorcommentsgiveextrainformationtoanoun,awholesentence,orapartofasentencerestrictanoun/pronounoptionalandremovableessentialformeaning