外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題Day+31-Day+32- 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day31IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyof_____1_____migrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatrain_____2_____(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,_____3_____expertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandordereda_____4_____(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),most_____5_____(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,_____6_____(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“_____7_____isfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridge_____8_____(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlines_____9_____trainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains._____10_____thewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyofthemmigrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatraincollision(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,butexpertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandorderedacriminal(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),mostwererun(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,given(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“Whoeverisfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridgebeingbuilt(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlineswheretrainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains.InthewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.印度鐵路有著令人難忘的安全記錄 6月2日晚上大約7點(diǎn)，一列從西孟加拉邦的加爾各答開(kāi)往印度東海岸的金奈的列車(chē)以全速撞向在奧里薩邦停放的一列貨車(chē)，距離加爾各答以南250公里。乘客列車(chē)的車(chē)廂脫軌并與另一列相向行駛的列車(chē)的尾車(chē)相撞。 這些列車(chē)上共載有約2000人，其中許多是來(lái)自西孟加拉邦的移民，前往更富裕的南方尋找工作。至少288人死亡，1100多人受傷，其中許多人傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。 這起事故是自1999年以來(lái)印度鐵路上造成的最嚴(yán)重的事故，當(dāng)時(shí)至少有290人在西孟加拉邦的一次列車(chē)相撞事故中喪生。事故的原因尚不清楚。初步報(bào)告指出信號(hào)故障，但專家表示，這通常不會(huì)導(dǎo)致如此大的災(zāi)難。鐵路部長(zhǎng)暗示有人篡改了設(shè)備，并下令進(jìn)行刑事調(diào)查。 盡管發(fā)生了這起災(zāi)難，但在印度，鐵路旅行并不特別危險(xiǎn)，每天約有2000萬(wàn)人乘坐火車(chē)。在大流行病爆發(fā)之前，每年有大約2.5萬(wàn)人死于與火車(chē)有關(guān)的事故（這個(gè)數(shù)字在過(guò)去十年中變化不大），其中大多數(shù)是被撞死或從火車(chē)上摔下來(lái)的。此類嚴(yán)重事故的數(shù)量正在減少。相比之下，據(jù)估計(jì)每年有大約30萬(wàn)人在印度的道路上喪生。 即便如此，奧里薩邦的這場(chǎng)悲劇可能會(huì)給納倫德拉·莫迪政府帶來(lái)尷尬，考慮到該政府非常重視發(fā)展印度的鐵路和道路。今年，該政府計(jì)劃在鐵路和道路上的支出相當(dāng)于國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的1.7%，是十年前的四倍多，也是大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家支出比例的兩倍。莫迪原本計(jì)劃在事故發(fā)生后的第二天為新的高速“VandeBharat”服務(wù)舉行開(kāi)幕式。然而，他改變了計(jì)劃，前往事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，他也承諾找到罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝骸盁o(wú)論找到的人是誰(shuí)，都將受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”。 盡管鐵路在安全方面有相對(duì)良好的記錄，但這起事故可能加劇對(duì)莫迪政府的指責(zé)，認(rèn)為在推動(dòng)修建新軌道和更快列車(chē)的同時(shí)，忽視了對(duì)現(xiàn)有軌道和設(shè)備的升級(jí)。去年，印度審計(jì)長(zhǎng)對(duì)脫軌事故進(jìn)行的審計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，鐵路官員沒(méi)有花費(fèi)撥款用于軌道維修，盡管撥款額有所減少。為安全改進(jìn)支付的專項(xiàng)資金在2017年至2022年間沒(méi)有得到充分補(bǔ)充。在奧里薩邦發(fā)生碰撞事故的兩天后，比哈爾邦北部正在建造的一座新橋第二次坍塌，一年多來(lái)未造成人員傷亡，但對(duì)旗艦建設(shè)項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。 政府否認(rèn)節(jié)省安全經(jīng)費(fèi)。政府指出，他們加快了消除危險(xiǎn)平交道的進(jìn)程，特別是在列車(chē)以更高速度行駛的線路上，并開(kāi)始在一些列車(chē)上推出防撞系統(tǒng)。在奧里薩邦的悲劇發(fā)生后，政府承諾在信號(hào)設(shè)備上安裝額外的安全功能。 生詞積累smashv.打碎，（使）粉碎；（使）猛擊，（使）猛撞；collidev.沖突，抵觸；（迥異的事物）碰在一起；碰撞，相撞gravelyadv.嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)肅地；嚴(yán)峻地；沉重地deadlyadj.致命的；極度的calamityn.災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍tamperv.做手腳，破壞notwithstandingprep.雖然，盡管adv.盡管如此conj.雖然，盡管exacerbatev.使惡化，使加劇derailmentn.出軌，脫軌skimpvt.克扣；對(duì)……不夠用心；舍不得給；少給eliminationn.消除，排除inthewakeof在之后：指在某個(gè)事件或情況之后緊接著發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)原創(chuàng)外刊改編語(yǔ)法填空題打卡Day32IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapable_____1______criticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksand_____2______(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleand_____3______(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”is_____4______commonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisone_____5______goesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexam_____6______(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhe_____7______(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andare______8_____(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. _____9______isnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsof_____10_____(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

migrants”transferringtoschoolsinInnerMongoliajustbeforetheexam.)StudentsinBeijingandShanghaigetspecialprivileges–theyarethebeneficiariesofgenerouslocalquotasforthebestuniversities–despitebeingmorelikelytobeprivilegedanyway. IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapableofcriticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksandripping(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleandsupposed(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”isacommonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisonethatgoesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexamlocked(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhewasdenied(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andarenortoriously(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. Itisnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsofentry(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

mig