高考解題思路之利用“主旨”破題（閱讀理解篇）課件高三上學期英語一輪復習專項

2024.05.30高考解題思路之

利用“主旨”破題閱讀理解篇01.掌握“主旨”的概念及特征02.03.Objectives了解高考閱讀題對“主旨”的考查形式學會利用“主旨”破題01.閱讀理解

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———————————閱讀+理解高考出題背景——能力考察考察能力考生要求分析、歸納文章段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點的能力把握主題、理解中心思想的能力總體上把握文章理解主題句或中心句概括、判斷、歸納、推理添加標題Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.近四年高考真題中主旨題分布概況2023文章體裁2022文章體裁2021文章體裁2020文章體裁新高考I32.段落主旨說明文21.文章來源應用文31.文章標題記敘文7.主旨推斷記敘文34.段落主旨說明文35.段落主旨說明文11.文章目的12.文章主旨書評說明文全國甲（I）27.文章標題說明文3.文章來源應用文32.段落主旨說明文31.文章主旨記敘文15.文章標題議論文35.文章標題說明文全國乙（II）32.段落主旨議論文27.文章類型書評24.段落主旨說明文27.文章主旨說明文35.文章來源31.文章標題說明文31文章標題記敘文35.文章標題記敘文新課標II27.文章標題說明文28.文章來源說明文鵝，鵝，鵝曲項向天歌白毛浮綠水紅掌撥清波鵝“鵝”“鵝”的脖子“鵝”的白毛“鵝”的紅掌鵝，鵝，鵝曲項向天歌白毛浮綠水紅掌撥清波鵝Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Title如何確定主旨：2.文章第一段首句/尾句4.文章反復出現(xiàn)的詞

3.文章每段首/尾句

1.標題Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章標題Type4寫作意圖“主旨”考點1：“主旨大意”題題干表現(xiàn)形式主題型目的型標題型Themainideaofthepassageis______Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Thepassageismainlyabout________Thepassageismeantto_________Thepurposeofthearticleisto______Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe___What’sthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章標題Type4寫作意圖“主旨”考點1：“主旨大意”題25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.

Thecostofmaking"Apes." B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes." D.Theperformanceofrealapes.例題1

(2020全國III)Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.高考直通車總結(jié)1：體現(xiàn)主旨的中心詞會反復出現(xiàn)B補充1:

考查詞匯3500+（包括詞匯變形，如前后綴含義等）Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章標題Type4寫作意圖“主旨”考點1：“主旨大意”題31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Achildhooddream.B．Anunforgettableexperience.C．Sailingaroundtheworld.D．MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.例題2(2022·全國甲卷閱讀C)

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.高考直通車總結(jié)2：主旨句讀懂看句子主干（主謂賓）；

中文是提示詞BType1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章標題Type4寫作意圖“主旨”考點1：“主旨大意”題35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HumanVoices:asurprisingdeep-rootedfearinwildlifeB.Lions:theprimarysourceofthreatforthelocalanimalsC.LionSounds:thepotentialuseforwildlifeprotectionD.Humans:theimpactondecreasingrhinopopulation例題3（2023南寧市教學質(zhì)量調(diào)研

閱讀D）Despiteheavyillegalhuntingofrhinos,SouthAfrica’sKrugerNationalParkisstillanaturalparadise.OneofthelargestremaininglionpopulationsinAfricalivesthere.Yetthereissomethingthelocalanimalsfearevenmorethanthebigcats.LianaZanetteofWesternUniversityinOntarioandhercolleagueswereabletoshowthatanimalsreactmoststronglytohumanvoicesandfleeinresponse....舊題復現(xiàn)補充2:

“偽分段”

第一段的主旨句含有指代不明的詞或第二段開頭出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞，此時，主旨將出現(xiàn)在第二段。補充1:

轉(zhuǎn)折詞如but，yet，however等后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達的觀點AType1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章標題Type4寫作意圖“主旨”考點1：“主旨大意”題35．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.例題4（2017·北京）Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.高考直通車c“主旨”考點2：題與“主旨”，“主旨”與題1.題目是

____________的題目

2.正確答案是____________的答案《2019·全國·高考真題》觀察題目與答案，思考并回答兩個問題（6mins）例題5（2019·全國）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.1.題目是____________的題目圍繞主旨1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.2.正答是____________的答案圍繞主旨02.限時訓練結(jié)合本節(jié)課所學，完成《2021江蘇卷》（6mins）（2021江蘇南通）We’veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary(久坐的)behaviorisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe(中顳葉),abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,aged45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachair,theworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon’tneedtomovemuchto

enhance

cognition(認知);juststandingwillmakeit.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantsarepresentedwithconflictingstimuli(刺激),liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya32millisecondmargin.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceiveideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin'sfamous“Thinker”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraphs3and4?A．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.B．Severeexercisecanreducethedamageofsitting.C．Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbrainhealth.D．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavior.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhance”inParagraph5mean?A．keep B．weaken C．improve D．decrease3．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．Sittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth. B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Exercisemorecanimproveourcognition. D．Weshouldstandwhilethinking.4．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．peopletendtositwhilethinkingB．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealthC．sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblemsD．standingmorecanmakeourbrainhealthier03.積累與鞏固詞（塊）含義詞（塊）含義createv.創(chuàng)造creationn.創(chuàng)造creativea.富有創(chuàng)造力的WordBankHomework

復習課上所學，完成活頁課后練Thanks關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞1.關(guān)鍵詞原則：(ps:如果一個詞反復出現(xiàn)在文章任何一處或者題目任意一題，它反而不是定位詞)2.同義替換3.題文同序4.話題一致（黃鼠狼與雞太美）關(guān)鍵詞5.只看一句1有一只雞叫太美，它跟黃鼠狼是鄰居。2過年了，黃鼠狼盤算著去雞太美家里拜年。3路上遇到了一只隔壁鴨太極，搓了一頓麻將。4眼見著太陽快下山了，黃鼠狼告辭了鴨太極，直奔雞太美的農(nóng)場。幸好，雞太美并沒有計較它的遲到。他倆快快樂樂地過了個好年。黃鼠狼與雞太美請問：這篇文章講了什么？A.黃鼠狼與雞太美之間的恩怨情仇。B.黃鼠狼與鴨太極是好朋友。C.雞太美喜歡鴨太極。D.黃鼠狼與雞太美之間的友誼。√立德樹人核心價值育人功能語文：市摸底考：“家風”玉林市聯(lián)考：應對百年未有之大局的變與不變數(shù)學：市摸底考：甲醛濃度與室溫的關(guān)系（生態(tài)）玉林市聯(lián)考：2021年東奧，舉重與體重英語：玉林市聯(lián)考：B篇：Greta對我的影響（人與社會）C篇：洗車方式對環(huán)境的影響（人與自然）D篇：老年人的心理健康（人與社會）完型：一對夫妻教會女兒學會分享，感恩生命

（人與社會、人與自我）27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?（）A.StoringSolarEnergyforBuildings B.KeepingBuildingsCoolwithColdWaterC.ChangingtheWayBuildingsAreBuilt 73.17%

D.RethinkingHowBuildingsAreCooled1.靠主題做題：所有的選項必須符合主題例題1：（2021南寧市摸底考B）UniversityofArizonaarchitecturestudentswonthefirstplaceinanationalcompetitionforaprojectthatreimaginesthewaybuildingsstoreenergyforcooling.(Para1)35.Whatcanbetheconclusionofthestudy?()A.Bodypostureaffectsourconfidencelevel.B.Confidenceleadtogoodbodyposture.C.Bodypostureaffectsprofessionalperformance.D.Personaltraitaffectprofessionalperformance.89.91%例題2：（2021南寧市摸底考D）Sittingupstraightinyourchairisn'tjustgoodforyourposture,italsogivesyoumoreconfidenceinyourownthoughtsaccordingtoanewstudy.(Para1)2.靠“找”做題定位答案：找到與題干意思相近的句子理解：利用簡單句+定狀補讀懂這個句子（單詞看不懂：背！語法不行：做題?。┱也坏酱鸢笗r：往下走一句句中有代詞時：往上走一句例題3：（2021南寧市摸底考B）TheSunBlockconcept,designedspecificallyfortheSonoranDesert,focusesoncooling.ThemainwayitisdifferentfromatraditionaldistrictenergysystemisthateachSunBlockbuildingwouldhaveitsownsolar-poweredsystemth