2024-2025學年高二英語選擇性必修第三冊（譯林版）UNIT 3 Grammar and usage教學課件

UNIT3BacktothepastSectionBGrammarandusageLead-inTalkaboutthepicturewithyourpartner.ExploringtherulesGrammarandusageBelowisanessayonthegreathistorianSimaQian.Findthesentenceswithpredicativeclausesandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.SimaQian，oneofthegreatesthistoriansinChinesehistory，wasbornineither145or135BCE.Influencedby

hisfather，whowasalsoahistorian，SimaQiantookaninterestin

historywhenhewasachild.HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterary

masters，andattheageof20，hebegantravellingextensively

acrossthecountry.Heinterviewedthelocalpeopletogetawiderangeof

information.Learningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.Hisfather’sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.Afterhisfatherdied，SimaQiansucceededhisfatheras

GrandHistorian，whichfacilitated

hisaccesstoofficialbooksandfiles.However，hisworkproveddifficult，becausesortingout

alltheavailable

resourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstaking

efforts.Hischiefconcernwas

whetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.Ashecarriedonwith

hiswork，somethingawfulhappenedtoSimaQian.Hewasputinprison，wherehesufferedalotofpainphysicallyandmentally.However，hewasnotdefeated.Heneverforgotabouthisfather’sdream，ingoodtimesorbadtimes.Aftermorethantenyearsofhardwork，theShiji（RecordsoftheGrandHistorian），hismasterpiece，wascompleted.Hisfather’sdreamwasthat

onedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.Hischiefconcernwaswhether

hecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.Workingouttherules Wecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofasentence.Wecanusethattointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(1)___________.Wecanusewhethertointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(2)_____________.Wecanusewhat,why,when,where,etc.tointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa

(3)______________.statementyes-noquestionwh-questionApplyingtherulesB1Completethesentenceswithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.1Igotsixbooksfromthelibrary.Thequestionis_______oneIshouldreadfirst!2Thetruthis_______therearemanyreasonswhywarsbreakout.3.Wehavemadeitarulethatvisitorsmustnottouchthechinavases.Theproblemis_______somevisitorsdonotpayattentiontoit.4Themuseumwasclosed.Thatwas_______wecouldn’tseethehistoricaldocuments.5Thetwohistoriansdisagreewitheachother.Thequestionis__________itispossibletoprovewhoisright.6.Besideshavingthehistoryclassesatschool,wealsovisithistoricdestinations.Thatis_______welearnaboutimportanteventsinhistory.whichthatthatwhywhetherhowB2BelowisanarticleabouttheShiji.Completethearticlebelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.InthefirstcenturyBCE，SimaQiancompletedtheShiji，whichdescribeshistoricaleventsandfiguresfromtheeraoftheYellowEmperorinancientlegendstohisowntime.Totallingover520，000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofabout3，000years，theShijiconsistsof

130chaptersinfivecategories.Whatmakesthisbookremarkableincontentis（1）

itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfigures

suchasemperors，ministers

orotherexceptional

figures，butalso

listsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Anotherthingtonote

is（2）_______

itcoversadvancesinastronomy，music，thecalendarandsoon.thatthat

OneofthemainfeaturesoftheShijiis（3）

thebiographiesarepresented—intheformof

storiesratherthan

dryfacts.SimaQianwasabletouseasmallnumberofwordstodescribeahistoricaleventorfigurevividly.Someofthephrases

employedinthisbookarestillinconstantuse

.Eventoday，theeventsandfiguresintheShijiseemrealwhenyoureadaboutthem.Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.Togetherwith

theShiji，thesewereeditedintheQingDynasty.Thatis（4）

theseworksbecameknownas

theTwenty-FourHistories.TheyareamongthemostimportantrecordsofChinesehistory.howwhyGrammar名詞性從句——表語從句表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在連系動詞之后，句子的一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。（1）表語從句的連接詞從屬連詞that

不作句子成分，也沒有意義，通常不可省略 Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldgetinvolvedinmoreleisureactivities.我的建議是你應該多參加一些休閑活動。 whether

不作句子成分，但有“是否”的意義，一般不用if代替 Thequestioniswhetherwecanboosttheyields.問題是我們能否增加產量。because，asif/though等

Hehastowatchhisweight.Thatisbecausehehasheartdisease.他不得不注意自己的體重，那是因為他有心臟病。Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.聽起來好像有人在敲門。 連接代詞

who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語 TheproblemiswhocanconvinceMarytogowithus.問題是誰能說服瑪麗和我們一起去。Thisisjustwhatwearealwayslookingforwardto.這正是我們一直盼望的。連接副詞

when，where，why，how等，在從句中作狀語 Thatiswherehewasbornandbroughtup.那就是他出生和被養(yǎng)大的地方。Theirdifficultyishowtheycanreceivewidespreadsupport.他們的困難在于如何才能得到廣泛的支持。

（2）表語從句中需要注意的問題①asif/though引導的表語從句的語氣asif/though引導的表語從句常置于連系動詞look，seem，appear，sound，feel等后。若表述真實的情況，就用真實的語氣；若表述與客觀事實相反的假設，則用虛擬語氣。Itseemsasifhebenefitsalotfromtheproject.看起來好像他從這個項目中獲益不少。（真實語氣）Itlooksasif/thoughheweredrunk.他看上去好像喝醉了。（虛擬語氣）

②表語從句的特殊句式

Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……

（why引導定語從句，修飾thereason；that引導表語從句）

This/That/Itisbecause...這/那是因為……（because引導表語從句，從句表原因）

This/That/Itiswhy...這/那就是……的原因。（why引導表語從句，從句表結果）Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisthathedidn’treceivetheinvitation.他沒來的原因是他沒有收到請柬。I’vegotseverediarrhoea.That’sbecauseIatebadfood.我腹瀉得很厲害。那是因為我吃了變質的食物。（先果后因）Iatebadfood.That’swhyI’vegotseverediarrhoea.

我吃了變質的食物，那是我腹瀉得很厲害的原因。（先因后果）③表語從句中的虛擬語氣主語是表示“建議，命令，要求”的名詞，如suggestion，advice，proposal，order，command，request，requirement，demand等時，表語從句應使用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）setoffearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天早點兒動身。Hisorderwasthatthehandleofthewaterpump（should）beremoved.他的命令是把水泵的把手拆下來。I.單句語法填空1.Thisis

myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.2.Thetroubleis

Iamanxioustofindmymicroscope，butitisnowheretobefound.3.Petershowedmethatwhatmattersis

youconveyyourownpassion.4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis

theinfectiondiseasecanbebroughtundercontrol.5.Thereason

hefeltfrustratedwas

hedidn’tattainhisgoal.6.Mysuggestionis

weshouldtryourbesttomakeourdreamsbecomeareality.7.Thekeyis

Icanfindavegetableoilrichinessentialfattyacids.8.Thedoctor’sadviceis

youshouldbuildupyourstrength.what

that

how

whether

whythat

thatwhere/whether

that

9.Thequestionis

willcometohelpusovercomethedifficulty.10.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?—Oh，that’s

makesmefeelfrustrated.11.Seethesorghuminthebags?Thatwas

wedidthismorning.12.Withouthissupport，wewouldn’tbe

wearenow.13.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisis

decoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.14.Myquestionis

informationisstoredinthelong-termmemory.15.WhatIcan’tunderstandis

thenumberofnewstudentsinourschoolhasdecreased.who

what

what

where

why

how

why

II.選用適當的連接詞填空that，why，whether，what，asif，when，where，because，which，how 1.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwas

itwasworthtrying.2.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago，butitis

itwereonlyyesterday.3.Thecoreofyourrelationshipis

youwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.

4.IfI’mabitsleepy，it’s

Iwasupallnight.5.Ashipinharborissafe，butthat’snot

shipsarebuiltfor.6.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas

hescoredthewinninggoal.7.Ididn’tphoneher，andthat’s

shegotangrywithme.8.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’s

Iwasborn.”9.Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother，butwhatIdon’tknowis

bookitis.10.Thatis

theyovercomethedifficulties.whether

asif

that

because

what

when

why

where

which

how/why/because

III.用表語從句完成句子1.Thatis

（他拒絕接受它的原因）.2.Hisrequestis

（我們應努力工作）.3.Itseems

（好像他對這個事故一無所知）.4.Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisis

（因為它的表面大約71%被水覆蓋）.5.Thefact____________________________（是他沒有真正地嘗試）.6.Thequestion________________________________（是這部電影是否值得看）.7.Now

（看起來她認識米莉已有好多年了）.8.Myadvice

（是你盡可能經常地練習說英語）.9.Thatis

（我第一次遇見她的地方）.10.Theproblemis

（誰真正適合做這份艱苦的工作）.whyherefusedtoacceptit

thatweshouldworkhardasif/thoughheknewnothingabouttheaccidentbecauseabout71%ofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater

wasthathedidn’treallytryiswhetherthefilmisworthseeing

itseemsasif/thoughsheknewMillieformanyyears

isthatyou（should）practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible

whereIfirstmetherwhoisreallyfitforthehardjobIV.語法填空（填入適當的連接詞）A

TherewasanaccidentonthecornerofRomanStreetthismorning.Nowitnesssaw1________

onearthhappenedthen.Acarcrashedintoatruckbutluckily，noonegotinjured.2

istoblamefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepoliceareuncertainaboutthecause3

ledtotheaccident.Itlookedasifthetruckdriverwasguilty.Hewastoonervoustosayaword.4

thepolicewilldoistofigureoutthetruth.Theysaid5

itwasdifficulttojudge6

wasexactlytoblameatthemoment.7

thishappenedisstillnotclear.Itiscertain8

thecardriverwastootiredtostopthecarimmediately.Thecardriverdidn’tadmitthefact9

hewasspeedingattheturning.Thepolicedoubted10_______

whathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.what

Who

that/which

What

that

who

how

that

that

whether

B

Youngparentsarealwaysworried1

theymightmakeamistakewiththeirnewbaby.Thebabycries，andtheydon’tknow2

theyshouldlethimcryorpickhimup.Whenthebabyissick，theyhavenoidea3

theyshoulddo.

“Trustyourself.Learnmoreabouthowtobeagoodparent.”Thisis4

BenjaminSpockwroteinhisfamousbookDr.Spock’sBabyandChildCare.Inhisopinion，itisnatural5

everybabyneedstobesmiledat，talkedtoandplayedwith.that

whether

what

what

that

Languagepoints1HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters...他從文學大師那里學習了中國古典文學……literaryadj.文學的，文學上的；愛好文學的Shehasbeendescribedasanewstaroftheliteraryworld.她被形容為文學界的一顆新星?！就卣埂縧iteraturen.文學，文學作品Ihavespentmylifegettingtoknowdiverseliteraturesofdifferentages.

我花費一生時間來逐漸了解不同時代形形色色的文學。詞塊背誦literaryworks/reviews文學作品/評論

modernliterature現代文學單句語法填空（1）IhadabrilliantEnglishteacherwhofiredmewithenthusiasmfor

（literary）atanearlyage.完成句子（2）Thecourseisaboutfableandlegendin

（現代文學）.literature

modernliterature2...attheageof20，hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.……20歲時他開始周游全國。extensivelyadv.廣闊地；廣泛地Theseissueshavebeenextensivelyresearchedinrecentyears.這些問題近年來都得到廣泛研究?！就卣埂縠xtensiveadj.廣闊的；廣泛的，廣博的AfterhecametoChina，hewentonanextensivetourofthecountry.來到中國后，他進行了一次大范圍的觀光。詞塊背誦extensivereading泛讀extensiveknowledge廣博的知識單句語法填空（1）Sherecentlycompleted

extensivestudyofelectedofficialswhobegantheir

politicalcareersbeforetheageof35.（2）Shesaidsheexpectedtotravel

（extensive）afterretirement.an

extensively3...SimaQiansucceededhisfatherasGrandHistorian，whichfacilitatedhisaccesstoofficialbooksandfiles.……司馬遷接替了他父親任太史令，這便于他參閱官方書籍和檔案。facilitatevt.使便利，促進Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.新機場將促進旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。【拓展】facilityn.設施；設備Studentsshouldtakefulladvantageoftheuniversity’sfacilities.學生應該充分利用大學的設施。詞塊背誦facilitatethedevelopmentof...促進……的發(fā)展

sportsfacilities體育設施單句語法填空（1）Moderninventionshavegreatly

（facilitate）housework.（2）Computerscanbeused

（facilitate）languagelearning.完成句子（3）Thecluboffersawiderangeof

（體育設施）.facilitated

tofacilitate

sportsfacilities

4...becausesortingoutalltheavailableresourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstakingefforts.……因為整理所有可利用的資源并核查史料的事實需要付出艱辛的努力。sortout理順，整理；把……安排好；分類，挑出

sortsth.out（from...）（從……中）區(qū)分出來/辨別出來sortsth.into...把……分成……搭配

sort...by...把……按……分類sortof有幾分（=kindof）allsortsof各種各樣的（=allkindsof）Pleasesortoutallyourbillsasquicklyaspossible.請盡快整理好你所有的賬單。Janeadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinhouseholds.簡承認她處理不好家里的所有麻煩事。 單句語法填空（1）Hedecidedtosort

herlifeforher，butsherefusedhim.（2）Rubbishcaneasilybeseparatedandsorted

plastics，glassandpaper.（3）Weshouldsortoutenemies

friends.（4）Shesort

pretendsthatshedoesn’treallycare.

out

into

from

of

available

adj.可獲得的，可找到的；有空的搭配availablefor有空；可用于；有效availableto對……可獲得的Areyouavailableforameetingtomorrowmorning?你明天上午能出席會議嗎？Theartsshouldbeavailabletomorepeopleatpricestheycanafford.藝術品應該以人們能夠承受的價格面向更多的人出售。Ticketsareavailablefreeofchargefromtheschool.學校有免費票。單句語法填空（1）Therearevarioustreatmentsavailable

thiscondition.（2）Inthe1980s，electricitywasavailable

peopleinalmostallareasofthecountry.for

to