2016-英語2卷-林苡萱-2020普本-3班附有答案

2016-英語2卷-林苡萱-2020普本-3班[復制]Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__1__firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities9averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

__7__enough,firmsinvestmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__8__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceofuyoungerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

__17__thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.Ifsnothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage，'‘saidoneresearcher.1.（）[單選題]*A]why(正確答案)B]howC]whereD]when2.（）[單選題]*A]actualB]common(正確答案)C]specialD]normal3.（）[單選題]*A]boreB]casedC]removedD]loaded(正確答案)4.（）[單選題]*A]necessities(正確答案)B]facilitiesC]commoditiesD]properties5.（）[單選題]*A]andB]norC]but(正確答案)D]hence6.（）[單選題]*A]forB]intoC]formD]against(正確答案)7.（）[單選題]*A]meaningB]implying(正確答案)C]symbolizingD]claiming8.（）[單選題]*A]handedout(正確答案)B]turnoverC]broughtbackD]passeddown9.（）[單選題]*A]pushedB]gotC]made(正確答案)D]managed10.（）[單選題]*A]everB]never(正確答案)C]eitherD]neither11.（）[單選題]*A]disguisedB]disturbedC]disputedD]distinguished(正確答案)12.（）[單選題]*A]companyB]collectionC]community(正確答案)D]colony13.（）[單選題]*A]employedB]appointedC]interviewed(正確答案)D]questioned14.（）[單選題]*A]ethical(正確答案)B]militaryC]politicalD]human15.（）[單選題]*A]ruinedB]commutedC]patrolledD]gained(正確答案)16.（）[單選題]*A]paralleled(正確答案)B]counteractedC]duplicatedD]contradicted17.（）[單選題]*A]neglectedB]avoided(正確答案)C]emphasizedD]admired18.（）[單選題]*A]stagesB]illusionsC]fragments(正確答案)D]advances19.（）[單選題]*A]WithB]To(正確答案)C]AmongD]Beyond20.（）[單選題]*A]onthecontraryB]bythismeansC]fromtheoutsetD]atthatpoint(正確答案)SectionUReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon9sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin,"saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails"languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehom,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes―fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto______.（B）[單選題]*[A]completefuturejobtraining(正確答案)[B]remodelthewayofthinkin[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir______.（）[單選題]*A]experienceB]interest(正確答案)C]careerprospectsD]academicbackgrounds23.DeborahSeehombelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill______.（）[單選題]*A]helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages(正確答案)B]havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto______.（）[單選題]*A]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologiesB]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustryC]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld(正確答案)D]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers25.Theword"coax"(Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto______.（）[單選題]*A]persuade(正確答案)B]frightenC]misguideD]challenge

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentmidwestemandsouthwesternUnitedStates,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,vsaidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,"astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe"threatened"taggavethefederal

governmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownersorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar；environmentalistssayitdoesn'tgofarenough.“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,"saysbiologistJayLininger.26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairiechickenasthreatenedis______.（）[單選題]*A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation(正確答案)B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreageC]adesperateappealfromsomebiologistsD]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The"threatened"tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit______.（）[單選題]*A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressureB]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinactionC]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower(正確答案)D]wentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey______.（）[單選題]*A]agreetopayasumforcompensation(正確答案)B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitatC]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjobD]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesis______.（）[單選題]*A]thefederalgovernmentB]thewildlifeagenciesC]thelandownersD]thestates(正確答案)30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport______.（）[單選題]*A]industrygroupsB]thewin-winrhetoricC]environmentalgroups(正確答案)D]theplanunderchallenge

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There'sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread；“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes.”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn'twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning—orelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook9sthelastthingyouneed.Themodemmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted；itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

Infact,“becomingmoreefficientpartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitinasato-dolistitemandyou9llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.

“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,"writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem."Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You9dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus"stepoutsidetime'sflow"into"soultime."Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread,"butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause______.（）[單選題]*A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodemmindB]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereadingC]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththemD]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed(正確答案)32.Theuemptybottles"metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto______.（）[單選題]*A]updatetheirto-dolistsB]makepassingtimefulfilling(正確答案)C]carrytheirplansthroughD]pursuecarefreereading33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps______.（）[單選題]*A]encouragetheefficiencymind-setB]developonlinereadinghabitsC]promoteritualisticreadingD]achieveimmersivereading(正確答案)34."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif______.（）[單選題]*A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday(正確答案)B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwithC]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreadingD]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe______.（）[單選題]*A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReadingB]HowtoFindTimetoRead(正確答案)C]HowtoSetReadingGoalsD]HowtoReadExtensively

Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife"faceatougherclimbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuringagood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbs,sayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid,“Ican'taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,nSchneidersaid."Idon'tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore."36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis______.（）[單選題]*A]tryingoutdifferentlifestylesB]havingafamilywithchildren(正確答案)C]workingbeyondretirementageD]settingupaprofitablebusiness37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto______.（）[單選題]*A]favoraslowerlifepaceB]holdanoccupationlongerC]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance(正確答案)D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill______.（）[單選題]*A]becomeincreasinglyclearB]focusonmaterialisticissuesC]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferencesD]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife(正確答案)39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat______.(D)[單選題]*[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable(正確答案)[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?（）[單選題]*A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.C]Hisparents9goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.(正確答案)D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Besilly

[B]Havefun

[C]Askforhelp

[D]Expressyouremotions

[E]Don'toverthinkit

[F]Beeasilypleased

[G]Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge

Asadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart—andforthemostparttheydon9tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsifstimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41.___________

Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.That'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen—again,likechildren—moveon.

42.___________

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43._______

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44.___________

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith—work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)—itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.

45.__________

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactually