初升高銜接英語(yǔ)6非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上課件

BridgingCourse

——初高中英語(yǔ)銜接課程（六）Non-finiteverbⅠ第六講CONTENTS點(diǎn)擊此處添加目錄說(shuō)明性文字Introduction01

02theuseofto-infinitive03-ingasattributiveandadverbial04Homework02IntroductionPARTTWO在句子中(

)

的動(dòng)詞形式。Whatarenon-finiteverbs?

不作謂語(yǔ)

Howmanykindsofformsdo

non-finiteverbshave?Infinitive不定式Gerund動(dòng)名詞Participle分詞03to-infinitivePARTTHREEStructure:

tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice:一、動(dòng)詞不定式todo主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)(1).主語(yǔ)Subject不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ).Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.Non-finiteisimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight(2).表語(yǔ)PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardNon-finiteToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)賓語(yǔ)

ObjectNon-finite三、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)1．“動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：

I’vedecidedtomakepreparationforthecompetition.Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.2．“動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個(gè)名詞從句）。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。疑問(wèn)詞（也稱(chēng)連接代/副詞）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why除外），如：Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wheretoputit.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).賓補(bǔ)ComplementNon-finiteThedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.六、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Don’tforceyourselftowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouse?1．只能用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：①表示“希望”“愿望”等心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust等。Whatdoyoudesiremetodo?Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.②含有“讓”“允許”“促使”“致使”等祈使意義的動(dòng)詞，如：

allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。Hisfatherputhimtomindthesheep.③帶有“請(qǐng)求”“懇求”等感情色彩的動(dòng)詞，如：ask,desire,invite,beg,request,worry等。Hebeggedmenottotellhisfatheraboutit.ShewasalwaysworryingherfathertotakehertoParis.④

含有“建議”“勸告”等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：advise,persuade,callon,urge等。Heurgedustofinishthejobontime.Thedentistadvisedmetohavethebadtoothpulledout.⑤

含有“命令”“強(qiáng)迫”“禁止”等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：order,command,require,charge,tell,make,oblige,force,drive,forbid,warn等。Herequiredustokeepitasecret.Thedoctororderedhimtostayinbedforafewdays.Iwarnyounottodothatagain.⑥

其他還有：help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor,train,dependon等。Hepromisedtoteachmetoswim.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebooks.Wearewaitingforthetraintostop.(5).定語(yǔ)Attributive(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)Heislookingfor__________.（一間可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.toworryaboutThetopictobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.（沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的）aroomtoliveinHeisalwaysthefirst______totheofficeandthelast_________.Doyouhavesomething_______?Thepublichasfaithinhisability___________(handle)thejob.Shekeptherpromise_________(visit)herauntregularly.theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast…ability,chance,right,courage,effort,promise,desire,decision…todrinktoleavetogettohandletovisitIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語(yǔ)Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結(jié)果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Non-finite04v-ingasattributivePARTFOUR現(xiàn)在分詞doing定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)v-ingLookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.…therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!Ilovetophotographtherisingsun,…1.Insentence(a),whoreadtheblog?-ing+nounphraseonly–ingformOver200,000peoplereadtheblog.2.Insentence(b),what’srising?Thesunisrising.-ingasattributivea.…therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!b.Ilovetophotographtherisingsun,…現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾詞之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系?Summary

Rule1

V-ingcanbeusedtomodifyanounwhenthenounisthelogicsubjectoftheV-ingform.動(dòng)詞的ing作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系.Lookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.…therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!Ilovetophotographtherisingsun,…3.Whendoweputthe-ingformbeforethenounitmodifiesandwhendoweputafter?a.…therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!（后置）

reading+otherwordsb.Ilovetophotographtherisingsun,…(前置)

onlyonewordonesingle-ingformvs.the-ingformplusotherwords-ingasattributivea.…therewereover200,000peoplereading

myblog!b.Ilovetophotographtherisingsun,…

Summary單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞一般置于被修飾的名詞之前；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞短語(yǔ)置于被修飾的名詞之后。

Rule2

Ifthat’sa–ingphrase,weshouldputtheattributivepartafterthemodifiednoun.如果是動(dòng)詞ing的短語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在所修飾名詞之后。

Heisreadingsomethinginteresting.Thereisnothingamazing.若單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式修飾的詞為those,something,everything,nothing等代詞時(shí)，則-ing形式要放在其后。他正在讀有趣的內(nèi)容。沒(méi)什么了不起的。2.現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句ababywhoissleeping=a________babythesunthatisrising=the________sunTheboywhoisstandingthereismyclassmate.=Theboy_____________ismyclassmate.Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.=Thegirl_____________________hasagiftfordance.

sleepingrisingstandingthereperformingonthestage定義：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是_____關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)______從句。主動(dòng)定語(yǔ)3.v.ing形容詞作定語(yǔ)有些v--ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物，表示“令人……的”。常用的此類(lèi)詞有：exciting，amusing，amazing，shocking，disappointing，boring，tiring，moving，interesting，satisfying，frightening等。Thatmusthavebeena___________(terrify)experience.Theexperimentwasan__________(amaze)success.The____________(frighten)newsfrightenedhim.terrifyingamazingfrighteningPractice:1.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?

Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasketball?2.Theyliveinahousewhichisfacesouth.

Theyliveinahousefacingsouth.如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用它的被動(dòng)形式,即beingdone。通常表示“正在被做”,常作后置定語(yǔ)。Thetallbuilding__________(build)nowisournewschool.Thequestion________________(discuss)waspresentedbytheheadmaster.4.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式beingbuiltbeingdiscussed0105v-ingasadverbialPARTFIVEIdrovealongthewayinXinjiang,appreciatingthebeautyofnature.1.I

havebeentomanyplaces,hopingtomeetbeautifulthingsintheworld.2.IdrovealongthewayinXinjiang,appreciatingthebeautyofnature.3.Wanderingthroughthegrassland,Icanfeelthesoft-blowingwindonmyface.4.Seeingthepicturequescenary,

Idowishyou

werehere.5.Drivingtothewestfarther,wewouldreachtheborder.6.Iexperiencedthebeautyofnature,leavingmyfootstepsthere.-ingasadverbialWhenhesawthepolice,

1.做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Seeingthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.Thefunctionof“v–ing”asadverbialBecauseshewaswelltakencareof,

2.做原因狀語(yǔ)

Beingwelltakencareof,sherecoveredsoon.Itwilltakeyouhalfanhourtogettothestation,allowingfortrafficdelays.Ifyouallowfortrafficdelays,

3.做條件狀語(yǔ)

Althoughwegrantthistobetrue,

4.做讓步狀語(yǔ)

Grantingthistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.bycreepinguponmelikethat

5.做方式狀語(yǔ)

Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!andtrailedhisteddybearbehindhim

6.做伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Thelittleboywentupstairs,trailinghisteddybearbehindhim.sothathestruckhisheadagainstthedoorandcutit

7.做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.注意1：“v-ing”作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句主語(yǔ)一致。Whilereadingthebook,thetelephonerang.Whilereadingthebook,sheheardthetelephonerang.當(dāng)她讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，電話響了。FT注意2：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意分詞的時(shí)間性--分詞動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)；分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，分詞用完成式(havingdone)。Havingworkedfortwodays,Stevefeltextremelyexhausted.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.把下列狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為“v-ing”

形式做狀語(yǔ)1.WhenIwasworkinginthecountryside,Ilearnedalot.

2.Sinceyouarealeader,youshouldsetanexampletoothers.

Workinginthecountryside,Ilearnedalot.Beingaleader,youshouldsetanexampletoothers.3.AstheTomhadstayedhereforyears,heknewthecitywell.Havingstayedhereforyears,Tomknewthecitywell.1.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)...【答案】tobite【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：吃小籠包的時(shí)候，你必須要決定是先咬一個(gè)小口流出湯汁，還是把整個(gè)小籠包放進(jìn)嘴里，讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，空處與后面toput并列作賓語(yǔ)，故填tobite。2.Shanghaimaybethe____39____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.【答案】recognized【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：上海可能是公認(rèn)的小籠包之鄉(xiāng)，但美食歷史學(xué)家會(huì)告訴你，鄰近的運(yùn)河小鎮(zhèn)南翔才是小籠包的發(fā)源地?？崭裨诿~home前面作定語(yǔ)，recognize與home是邏輯上動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，需填過(guò)去分詞recognized作定語(yǔ)，recognized“被公認(rèn)的”也可以看作是形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填recognized。3.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasket...【答案】tobelifted【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：除了南翔，最好的小籠包有一個(gè)精致的，可以讓它們從蒸籠籃中拿出來(lái)，而不會(huì)撕裂或溢出里面的東西。根據(jù)搭配allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空格需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)liftout與賓語(yǔ)them（指代小籠包）是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空格需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式tobelifted。故填tobelifted。4....yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft