選擇性Unit1詞匯講解3

選修性必修一Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.vitaladj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的【教材原句】Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.(P2)青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分,被認(rèn)為僅在非洲一年就能挽救10萬(wàn)人的生命?！驹~塊必記】bevitalto/for...對(duì)……極其重要Itisvitaltodosth. 做某事很重要It’svitalthat... ……

極為重要【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Tourismisvital_____theSpanisheconomy.②Itisvital____weshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.完成句子③Confrontedwithsucha__________________________,helookedascoolasacucumber.

面對(duì)著這樣重大的生死問(wèn)題,他的神態(tài)卻異常冷靜。④Thegovernmentsaw_____________________________________.

政府認(rèn)為引進(jìn)新技術(shù)至關(guān)重要。for/tothatvitalproblemoflifeanddeaththeintroductionofnewtechnologyasvital2.commitvt.承諾;保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)【教材原句】TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.(P2)屠呦呦是一位堅(jiān)定而耐心的科學(xué)家,1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波,1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。【詞塊必記】(1)commitoneselfto(doing)sth.承諾(做)某事commitacrime/amistake 犯罪/犯錯(cuò)誤commit...to... 投入……于……(2)committedadj.盡心盡力的,堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的becommittedto(doing)sth. 承諾(做)某事(3)commitment n.投入;奉獻(xiàn);承諾;保證makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.承諾(做)某事【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①He__________(commit)suicide(自殺)ratherthansellouttotheenemy.②Hedidn’tcommithimself__anything.③Theycommittedacrime___innocentcitizens.④Hecommitted_______(he)todoingitimmediately.⑤Theyrequireabigger___________(commit)thansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.committedtoonhimselfcommitment3.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝【典型例句】Wehopeyoucanacknowledgeyourmistakeinpublic.我們希望你能當(dāng)眾認(rèn)錯(cuò)?！驹~塊必記】acknowledgehavingdonesth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgethat承認(rèn)……

acknowledgetobe 認(rèn)為是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……acknowledgeone’sbelief/fault 承認(rèn)信仰/錯(cuò)誤【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Atthemeetingthey_____________(acknowledge)theneedforreform.②Wearesendingyousomemoneyin________________(acknowledge)ofyourvaluablehelp.③Itiswidelyacknowledged____nearlyeverykidmightcomeacrosssomekindofschoolbullying,however,theageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingcaninfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected.acknowledgedacknowledgementthatⅡ.核心短語(yǔ)4.cometopower(開始)掌權(quán);上臺(tái)【教材原句】Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.(P8)1933年,希特勒在德國(guó)上臺(tái)后,情況發(fā)生了變化。愛因斯坦是猶太人,他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了?！驹~塊必記】havepowerover控制,支配havenopowerover 沒有支配權(quán)beyondone’spower 某人力所不及【易混辨析】power泛指“力”,可指身體的或心理的,外在的或潛在的,具體的或抽象的。force指“武力;暴力”,往往意味著克服阻力。strength意為“力量;力氣”,多指人體或物體內(nèi)存的能力?！局R(shí)微練】

單句語(yǔ)法填空①It’s_______hispowermeanshehasnopowertodoit.②Hehaspower____manypeople’slivesandproperty.完成句子③Someanimals_____________toseeinthedark.

有些動(dòng)物具有在黑暗中看見東西的本領(lǐng)。④Youmust________toopenthatbottle.

你必須用力打開那個(gè)瓶子。beyondoverhavethepoweruseforceⅢ.經(jīng)典句式5.Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?,她的研究促使了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這是一種至關(guān)重要的治療瘧疾的新療法。

【典型例句】Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.后來(lái),這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,大部分受試患者都康復(fù)了?！揪湫凸健糠窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)主句內(nèi)容,或先行詞的補(bǔ)充、解釋或附加說(shuō)明。主句與先行詞或從句之間一般用逗號(hào)分開,常常單獨(dú)翻譯。沒有它,主句意思仍然完整。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有as,which,who,whom,whose等,作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。【誤區(qū)釋疑】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo),由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)時(shí),其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用as,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),不能用which引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后?！局R(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Ilikethebook,______wasboughtyesterday.②Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000____whichhisfatherwasangry.③DoyouknowTom,______wetalkedabout?④Thedrama,______styleishumorous,istypicaloftheperiod.完成句子⑤Sheheardaterriblenoise,___________________________________.

她聽到一個(gè)可怕的聲音,這讓她把心都提到嗓子眼了。whichwithwhomwhosewhichbroughtherheartintohermouth【補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)】1.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的【典型例句】Herworkhasbeencrucialtotheproject’ssuccess.她的工作對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功至關(guān)重要。【詞塊必記】becrucialto/for...對(duì)……至關(guān)重要playacrucialpartin/rolein... 在……中起至關(guān)重要的作用【知識(shí)微練】完成句子①M(fèi)yfathercrackeddownonhim______________(關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻)inhislife.

②Toourminds,capitalconstructionisafundamentaltask___________________________.

在我們看來(lái),基本建設(shè)是百年大計(jì)。③Money___________________(在……中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用)theadministrationanddevelopmentoflibraries.

atacrucialtimecrucialforgenerationstocomeplaysacrucialrolein2.defeatn.失敗;挫敗vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝【教材原句】However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗?！驹~塊必記】sufferadefeat遭受失敗acknowledgedefeat 承認(rèn)失敗【誤區(qū)釋疑】beat與defeat都是“戰(zhàn)勝,打敗”的意思,它們的賓語(yǔ)必須是人或一個(gè)集體;但defeat尤其指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人,beat多指在游戲比賽中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)方?，F(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中也經(jīng)常換用。【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hewasdepressed___hisdefeat.②Thenavalcaptain________(defeat)NapoleoninthebattleofTrafalgarin1805,andstoppedhimfrominvadingEngland.③Itwasasoundstrategy________(defeat)theenemy.

完成句子④____________________________totheenemy.

這次失敗是對(duì)敵人的有力打擊。bydefeatedtodefeatThisdefeatwasapowerfulblow3.insiston堅(jiān)決要求【教材原句】TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsisted

ontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持在自己身上測(cè)試藥物,以確保它是安全的?！驹~塊必記】insistondoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事persistin(doing)sth. 堅(jiān)持(做)某事keepupsth. 堅(jiān)持standonsth. 堅(jiān)持stickto(doing)sth. 堅(jiān)持(做)某事【誤區(qū)釋疑】insist接that從句,用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”只表示堅(jiān)持要,是一種建議。如果表示堅(jiān)持說(shuō),堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為某個(gè)事實(shí),則不用虛擬形式。【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Heinsisted___hiscorrectness.②Heinsistedon________(check)everyitem.③Reportershouldstick__investigatingthefacts.oncheckingto4.takeupaposition擔(dān)任;任職【典型例句】Helefttotake

upa

new

positionwithanothercompany.他離職后在另一家公司謀得了一個(gè)新職位。【詞塊必記】takeup占用(空間或時(shí)間);開始從事;接受takein 接受;吸收;理解;注意到;欺騙takeon 披上;呈現(xiàn);具有;雇用;承擔(dān)takeover 接收;接管takeoff 拿掉;取消;脫衣;起飛takeafter(面貌、言行)像(長(zhǎng)輩)【知識(shí)微練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Excusemefortaking___somuchofyourtime.②Lawwillprotectthegirltaken__andsoldbytheabductor.③He’sspokentoapublishingcompany.They’regoingtotakehim___.④Ourchairmanhasleft,soPeterwilltake____hisjob.完成句子⑤He’sgoingouttoKoreasoonto__________________________.

他很快就要到朝鮮去擔(dān)任一個(gè)重要職務(wù)。⑥He___________________withoutanyhesitation.

他毫不猶豫地接受了這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。upinoverontakeupanimportantpositiontookupthechallenge5.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后,他們?cè)囍研迈r的青蒿煮沸,并用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾,但這也不起作用。

【典型例句】

Itried

gardeningbutdidn’tsucceed.我試著種果木花卉,但未成功?！揪湫凸健?1)trytodo試圖做→trydoing試著做(2)meantodo打算做→meandoing意味著(3)regrettodo為將要說(shuō)的話或做的事表示遺憾→regretdoing為做過(guò)的事表示遺憾(4)forgettodo忘記去做→forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)(5)remembertodo記得要做某事→rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事(6)stoptodo停下來(lái)做(另一件事)→stopdoing停止做某事(7)goontodo接著做(另一件事情)→goondoing繼續(xù)做同一件事情【知識(shí)微練】完成句子①Toraisewagemeans_________________________.

增加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買力。②I’lltry__________sothathewon’tbedisappointedinme.

我要努力做得更好,免得他對(duì)我失望。③Childrenshouldtry__________bythemselves.

孩子們應(yīng)該試著自己吃食物。increasingpurchasingpowertodobettereatingfood附1：1.話題詞匯(1)age,birthdayandbirthplace(個(gè)人概況、教育等):bebornin...(地點(diǎn))on...(時(shí)間)attheageof;bebornpoor...leada...life(2)character(性格特征):confident;sociable(愛社交的,外向的);bewillingtohelp(樂(lè)于助人);capable(有能力的);warm-hearted(熱心腸的);charming(有吸引力的);determined(有毅力的)(3)educationbackground(教育背景):beadmittedto...(考取……)graduatefrom...(從……畢業(yè))getamaster’s/doctor’sdegree(獲取學(xué)士、博士學(xué)位)(4)bigeventsinhis/herlife(生平經(jīng)歷):serveas...bedevotedto...haveagiftfor...(5)evaluation(評(píng)價(jià))famousathomeandabroad(國(guó)內(nèi)外著名的)makegreatprogressin(在……取得很大進(jìn)步);gainthefirstprize(獲得一等獎(jiǎng));setagoodexample(樹立好榜樣);thinkhighlyof(高度贊揚(yáng));behonoredas(被授予);makegreatcontributionsto(為……做出巨大貢獻(xiàn))2.話題句式(1)概況部分可用非謂語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),使文章簡(jiǎn)潔、通順①Bornin...on...,...isa...②...,thesonofa...,wasborn...(2)外貌、性格,可用介詞短語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)①...isa...withthickeyebrows...②acollectionofChineseherbsincludingover2,000herbs...

(3)生平經(jīng)歷可用復(fù)合句,倒裝,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,潤(rùn)色文章①Notonlyis...butalsohe...②...setanewrecord...,which...(4)評(píng)價(jià)可用一些動(dòng)詞、形容詞等詞塊、短語(yǔ)①berememberedas...②beconsideredtobe...

3.話題實(shí)踐Ⅰ.語(yǔ)用功能表達(dá)用于爭(zhēng)取思考時(shí)間的用語(yǔ):So...那么……Really?真的?Right./Sure.對(duì)/確定是。Well,er,...呃……Well,Iguess.好吧,我猜是的。Yousee/know.你知道。Justamoment.請(qǐng)稍等。Hangonasecond.請(qǐng)稍等。Bytheway...順便問(wèn)一下……Anyway...總之……Well,letmesee...嗯,讓我想想……Infact(Asamatteroffact)...事實(shí)上……AsfarasIknow...據(jù)我所知……Thatistosay...那就是說(shuō)……Forexa