2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時檢測二十Unit5WorkingtheLandPeriod4含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGE二十Unit5Period4Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·天津高二檢測)Chinaisalargeproducerandconsumerofrice.But,asaresultofclimatechange,theamountoflandavailableforricegrowinginthecountryisshrinking.TheconcernhasmotivatedscientistsledbyYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.Nowthey’recelebratingsuccessfuleffortstogrowrice—insandandseawater.Riceistraditionallygrowninsoilandfreshwater.StartingfromJanuary,accordingtotheofficialXinhuaNewsAgency,thescientistshavegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.Theyexperimentedwithseawaterbecauseitiseasiertoobtaininthedesertthanfreshwater.Chinaisnottheonlycountryfacingtheissueofoverlysaltysoil.Aroundtheworld,therearearound2.35billionacresofhighlysaline(含鹽的)land.Andthenumberisincreasingbecauseofrisingsealevelsandclimatechange.“Probablyonlyasmallpartoftheworld’ssalinelandcouldbebroughtintoproductionwithseawaterrice,butthatwouldstillhaveaveryimportanteffectonfoodsecurity,”EvenR.Pay,asenioranalyst,said.YuantoldXinhuathatoneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetons,peracre,whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations.Riceisthebasicfoodinmanypartsoftheworld.About90%ofriceconsumptionisfromAsia,butdemandinAfricaandLatinAmericaisontherise.Aclimatechangeresearchersaidthesuccessfulexperimentcouldpotentiallybenefitmanycountries.“Thisisafantasticdevelopment,whichislikelytohaveagoodeffectonagriculturalresourceandwater-poorcountries,particularlyinNorthAfricaregion.”Eventhoughthecostofgrowingsalt-tolerantriceisstillhigh,itwillalsohavestrategicvalueonceit’scommercialized.【語篇概述】本文主要介紹了在“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平帶領(lǐng)下的科學(xué)家們在沙子和海水中種植水稻的試驗。1.Whathascausedthescientiststofindnewwaysofgrowingrice?A.Theincreaseofriceconsumers.B.Thehighcostofriceproducing.C.Thelandshortageofricegrowing.D.Theseverepollutionoffreshwater.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三句“But,asaresultofclimatechange...tolookfornewwaysofgrowingthegrain.”可知,能種植水稻的土地的削減促使科學(xué)家們?nèi)フ覍しN植水稻的新方法。2.Yuan’steamhavesuccessfullygrownriceinsandandseawaterin_______.

A.ChinaB.DubaiC.LatinAmerica D.NorthAfrica【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“StartingfromJanuary...havegrowndozensofvarietiesofriceinthedesertsofDubai.”和第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubai...”可知,袁隆平的團(tuán)隊在迪拜勝利種植了水稻。3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.About90%ofthericeisdemandedandconsumedinChina.B.Theproductionofanewtypeofriceislargerthanexpected.C.Theincreaseofsalinelandismainlycausedbyclimatechange.D.Seawaterisusedintheexperimentbecauseitischeapertogain.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段中的“oneofthevarietiesofricegrowninDubaiproducedoverthreetons,peracre,whichYuansaidwasbeyondexpectations”可知,其中一種在迪拜種植的水稻產(chǎn)量為每英畝三噸多,這超出了人們的預(yù)料,故選B。4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotherice-growingexperiment?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Critical. D.Disappointed.【解析】選B。觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)最終一段“Eventhoughthecostofgrowingsalt-tolerantriceisstillhigh,itwillalsohavestrategicvalueonceit’scommercialized.”可推知,作者對這種水稻種植的試驗持樂觀的看法。Ⅱ.閱讀填句What,intheWorld,IsaStandardDrink?Thecontroversy(爭辯)overtheUK’snewsafedrinkingguidelinesrevealedhowmuchpeoplewithinacountrycandisagreeaboutdrinking.1Theamountofalcoholineachcountry’s“standarddrink”canrangefrom8to20grams.

It’sawidelyacceptedfactthatexcessivedrinkingofalcoholisbadforone’shealth.Butwhatconstitutesexcessivedrinking?AccordingtoanewreportpublishedbythescientificjournalAddiction,theanswertothatquestionvarieswidelybycountry.2

Researcherslookedat75countriesthatmightbeexpectedtoprovidelow-riskdrinkingguidelinesandadefinitionofa“standarddrink”.3Theirguidelinesand“standarddrink”definitionsweresurprisinglyinconsistent.

Inthemostconservativecountries,low-riskconsumptionmeansdrinkingnomorethan10gramsofpureethanol(乙醇)perdayforwomen,20gramsformen.Doyouwanttodrinkmore?InChile,youcandrink56gramsperdayandstillbealow-riskdrinker.Haveyougotareasontocelebrate?InAustralia,Canada,Denmark,Fiji,France,Mexico,NewZealand,PolandandtheUK,youareallowedtodrinkmoreonspecialoccasions.4InAustralia,Grenada,Portugal,andSouthAfrica,low-riskdrinkingguidelinesarethesameforwomenandmen.TheUKjoinsthatlistwithitsnewguidelines.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationdefinesastandarddrinkas10gramsofpureethanol,withbothmenandwomenadvisednottoexceed2standarddrinksperday.TheWHO’sdefinitionofastandarddrinkistheonemostoftenused.5

A.Only37(under50%)didso.B.Areyoutiredoftheolddoublestandard?C.Thesizeofastandarddrinkvariesby250%.D.Andmanycountriesdon’tprovideananswer.E.Itturnsoutthatcountriesdisagreewitheachother,too.F.Yet50%ofcountrieswithdrinkingguidelinesdon’tuseit.G.Youmaythinkyourcountryshouldhaveadifferentdefinitionofastandarddrink.【語篇概述】關(guān)于酒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲用量。不同的人有不同的看法,不同的國家有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1.【解析】選E。由空格前后的內(nèi)容可知,不同的人對喝多少酒是平安的這一問題看法不一,不同國家的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲酒量”也不盡相同。2.【解析】選D。由空格前面兩句可知,針對多大量才是過度飲酒這個問題的答案因國而異,故D項(而且許多國家沒有供應(yīng)答案)符合語境。3.【解析】選A。由空格前后的內(nèi)容可知,針對75個國家調(diào)查低風(fēng)險飲酒的指導(dǎo)原則和對“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲酒量”的定義,各國給出的答案不一樣。A項承接上文,講解并描述只有37個國家供應(yīng)了答案。4.【解析】選B。空格后面的內(nèi)容提到一些國家給男士和女士定的平安飲酒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一樣的。B項(你是否厭倦了這種落伍的雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?)引出下文。5.【解析】選F。由空格前面一句可知,世界衛(wèi)生組織供應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲酒量的定義是最常用的,F項承接上文,表達(dá)了意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折——然而50%的國家都有自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Ⅲ.完形填空Windbreaks(防風(fēng)林)helppreventthelossofsoil.Theystopthewindfromblowingsoilaway.Theyalsokeepthewindfromdamagingordestroying1.Windbreakscanbe2valuableforprotectinggraincrops.Forexample,studieshavebeendoneonwindbreaksinpartsofWestAfrica.Thesestudiesfoundthatgrain3weretwentypercenthigherinfieldsprotectedbywindbreaksthaninfields4them.

Buthereissomething5aboutwindbreaks.Theyseemto6bestwhentheyallowsomewindtopassthroughthebarrieroftreesorplantsaroundafield.Ifnot,thenthemovementofairclosetothegroundwill7thesoil.Thenthesoilwillbeblownaway.

Forthisreason,awindbreakismosteffectiveifit8onlysixtytoeightypercentofthetreesandplantsthatwouldbeneededtomakeasolidline.Aneasyruleto9isthatwindbreakscanprotectareasuptotentimesthe10ofthetallesttreesinthewindbreak.

Thereshouldbeatleasttwo11ineachwindbreak.Onelineshouldbelargetrees.Thesecondline,rightnexttoit,canbeshortertreesorotherplantswith12.Locallygrowntreesandplantsareconsideredthebestchoicesforwindbreaks.Studieshaveshownthatsomekindsoftreescangrowwell13thequalityofthelandisnotverygood.Onekindofthetreesisthewhitepine.Anotheristheloblollypine.Windbreaksnotonlyprotectlandandcropsfromthewind.Surplus(多余的)treescanbecutdownandusedorsoldformoney.Treesreducethedamagingeffectsofwindandrain.Theirrootshelpprotectsoilfrombeing14.Andtreescanprovideanothervaluable15foragriculture.Theycanprovideanimalswithshadefromthesun.

【語篇概述】本文主要介紹了防風(fēng)林在改善生態(tài)環(huán)境、愛護(hù)農(nóng)田土壤和降低災(zāi)難性天氣對農(nóng)作物的危害方面所發(fā)揮的重要作用。1.A.crops B.housesC.campsD.factories【解析】選A。結(jié)合下文中介紹的防風(fēng)林對農(nóng)作物的愛護(hù)作用可知,此處用crop(莊稼)。2.A.exactly B.highly C.slightly D.hardly【解析】選B。結(jié)合本段下文中舉的例子可知,在愛護(hù)農(nóng)作物方面,防風(fēng)林起的作用特別大。highly“很,特別”。3.A.harvests B.areas C.prices D.supplies【解析】選A。本段強(qiáng)調(diào)防風(fēng)林對農(nóng)作物的重要愛護(hù)作用。因此此處說明有防風(fēng)林愛護(hù)的農(nóng)田的農(nóng)作物的收成狀況。4.A.around B.without C.beside D.with【解析】選B。比較的對象自然是那些“沒有”防風(fēng)林愛護(hù)的農(nóng)田。5.A.serious B.wrong C.obvious D.interesting【解析】選D。依據(jù)下文的敘述可知,這種現(xiàn)象是一種比較“好玩的”現(xiàn)象。6.A.sell B.look C.grow D.work【解析】選D。這種好玩的現(xiàn)象是:防風(fēng)林的密度剛好能讓一些風(fēng)通過時,起到的防護(hù)作用最好。work意為“起作用,有效”。7.A.leave B.block C.lift D.follow【解析】選C?？隙芏鹊姆里L(fēng)林能夠很好地愛護(hù)農(nóng)田,假如密度過大,地面上方的空氣運(yùn)動就會把土壤掀起來。lift“舉起,掀起”。8.A.contains B.divides C.raises D.serves【解析】選A。此處指防風(fēng)林里所種植的樹木和其他植物的數(shù)目和密度。contain“含有”。9.A.measure B.obey C.break D.remember【解析】選D。該空前的Aneasyrule提示,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)“記住”這樣一條簡潔的規(guī)律。10.A.weight B.height C.cost D.value【解析】選B。防風(fēng)林能夠愛護(hù)的土地面積大約是防風(fēng)林里最高樹木高度的十倍。選項中與前面的名詞areas(面積)相關(guān)的只有height。11.A.lines B.rows C.trees D.kinds【解析】選A。下文中的Oneline和Thesecondline提示,此處指防風(fēng)林應(yīng)當(dāng)由至少兩“列”樹木組成。12.A.fruit B.seeds C.flowers D.leaves【解析】選D。能夠起到擋風(fēng)作用的應(yīng)當(dāng)是樹木和其他有“葉子”的植物。13.A.evenif B.incase C.asif D.nowthat【解析】選A。相關(guān)探討表明,“即使”在土壤不是很肥沃的地方,有些樹種依舊能生長得很好。14.A.builtup B.cutoffC.takenoff D.washedaway【解析】選D。樹根有助于防止土壤流失。washaway“沖走,卷走”。buildup“加強(qiáng)”;cutoff“切斷”;takeoff“脫掉,起飛”。15.A.skill B.advice C.service D.message【解析】選C。依據(jù)下一句的詳細(xì)說明可知,樹木還能給農(nóng)業(yè)供應(yīng)另一種特別有價值的“服務(wù)”——給動物供應(yīng)陰涼。Ⅳ.語法填空(2024·桂林高二檢測)Agriculturalexpertssaycropdiversityisimportanttofeedthe1.___________(increase)populationofourplanet.Theysayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalso2.(help)toprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.Butmanyexpertssaythenumberhasdecreasedsharplyduringthepastcentury.

Oneoftheworld’s3.___________(large)seedconservationprojectshaspredictedfurtherlosses.TheMillenniumSeedBankPartnershipiswarningthatuptoonehundredthousandplantspeciescould4.___________(permanent)disappear.Therichcollectionofgenes5.decidetheirqualitieswoulddisappearwiththem.

Manyexpertsblameclimatechange,lossofhabitatandnormalgrowtharea,fordamagingplantlife.Theysaymanyhuman6.___________(activity)andpoorlyplanned,overlyheavyuseoflandarealsoresponsible.Modernbusinessfarmingisresponsible7.___________lossoffarmers’traditionalcropvarieties.The“GreenRevolution”ofthetwentiethcenturychangedagriculture.Someexpertssaytheuseofmoderncommercialfarmingmethodssavedmillionsofpeoplefrom8.___________(starve).Farmersplanted,watered,andfertilizedtheircropswiththehelpofmachines.Theytreatedtheirfieldswithchemicals9.___________(control)diseasesandinsects.Harvestsgrewlargerandhigherquality,10.___________anotherresultwasthatsometraditionalcropswerelost.Damagetotheenvironmentoverthepastcenturymakespeoplebelievethatcropdiversityalsosuffered.

【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文,就作物多樣性的危機(jī)問題進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的介紹。1.【解析】increasing。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處修飾后面的名詞population,且increase與population是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用increasing作定語。2.【解析】helps。考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一樣。依據(jù)上下文可知這里的賓語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,同時從句的主語為havingalargevarietyofplants,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),故答案為helps。3.【解析】largest。考查形容詞最高級。依據(jù)語境可知這里表達(dá)的意思是“世界上最大的種子保育項目之一已經(jīng)預(yù)料到進(jìn)一步的損失”。故這里用所給詞的最高級形式largest。4.【解析】permanently?？疾楦痹~。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處修飾謂語動詞disappear,故用副詞permanently。5.【解析】that/which。考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代先行詞genes,且在定語從句中作主語,故用關(guān)系代詞that/which。6.【解析】activities。考查名詞的數(shù)。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處前有many修飾,因此此處應(yīng)用所給詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式activities。7.【解析】for。考查介詞。此處beresponsiblefor是固定用法,意思是“對……負(fù)責(zé)任”,故用介詞for。8.【解析】starvation。考查名詞。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處作介詞from的賓語,故此處應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式。9.【解析】tocontrol。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處作目的狀語,故用tocontrol作目的狀語。10.【解析】but/while/yet。考查并列連詞。依據(jù)語境可知,設(shè)空處的上句和下句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but/while/yet。閱讀理解Weallknowthatmusichasthepowertocomfortuswhenwearetiredorstressed.Canitdothesameforanimals?In2001,researchersfromUniversityofLeicesterdecidedtotestthisbyexposingdairycowstodifferentmusicstyles.Theydiscoveredthatcertaintypesofmusichelpedcowsproduce3%moremilkthanthosethatonlyheardtheannoyingsoundsofmilkingmachines.Thejournalistsbeganbysiftingthroughthe2001UniversityofLeicesterstudytosearchforsongsthathadmadethecattlemoreproductive.Whattheyfoundwasthatsimilartohumans,tastesdifferamongcows.Someprefersoulfulmusicwhileothershaveapenchantforclassicalmusic.Basedontheirfindingsthemagazinereleasedtwoplayliststhattheybelievedwouldbewelcomedbymostdairycows.OneconsistsofsongslikeREM’sEverybodyHurts,ArethaFranklin’sversionofWhataDifferenceaDayMakesandSimonandGarfunkel’sclassicsongBridgeOverTroubledWater.TheotherincludesclassicalhitslikeBeethoven’sPastoralSymphonyandMozart’sConcertoforFluteandHarpinDMajor.Noneofthesongsonbothlistsarefastornoisytuneslikerapandtechnosongsthatappeartodisturbcowsratherthancalmthem.Besides,musicisnottheonlythingthatdairycowsenjoy.AfewyearsagoactorsinKent,EnglanddecidedtoseeiftheanimalslikedShakespearebyperformingTheMerryWivesofWindsortoalocalherd.Sureenough,theirmilkoutputincreasedmeasurably.Peoplebelievemusichelpstheanimalstorelaxandkeepcalm.Sothenexttimeyouvisitadairyfarmdon’tbesurprisedtosee