大學(xué)英語-英語專業(yè)八級-第1章聽力理解

大學(xué)英語-英語專業(yè)八級-第1章聽力理解共享題干題HowPracticeCan（江南博哥）DamageYourEnglish[填空題]1.（）正確答案：reinforce/increase參考解析：講座的主題是練習(xí)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的消極作用。演講者提到，如果你在練習(xí)中存在很多錯誤，那么在寫作或說話時，便是在鞏固這些錯誤。故此處可填reinforce或increase。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]2.（）正確答案：practice/speakingandwriting參考解析：此題涉及練習(xí)的消極作用。由錄音材料可知，你練得越多，犯的錯誤也就越多。根據(jù)原文可知，說話和寫作都是練習(xí)的方式，故此處答案應(yīng)為practice或speakingandwriting。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]3.（）正確答案：simple參考解析：此題涉及避免犯錯的方法：寫簡單正確的句子。錄音中提到，在開始階段，你可以只寫一些簡單的句子，但要保證這些句子是正確的，故此處答案應(yīng)為simple。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]4.（）正確答案：complicated/complex/difficult參考解析：此題考查避免犯錯的方法：循序漸進(jìn)。錄音材料中提到，當(dāng)你不斷進(jìn)步時，你就會使用更多復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)句。由此可知答案為complicated或其近義詞complex或difficult。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]5.（）正確答案：eliminate/eradicate/getridof參考解析：講座中談到，練習(xí)不但不能減少錯誤，反而會引發(fā)錯誤。根據(jù)錄音可知，如果你存在許多錯誤，談話和寫作并不能消除這些錯誤。故此空應(yīng)填eliminate或其同義詞eradicate與getridof。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]6.（）正確答案：readingandlistening參考解析：此題涉及解決錯誤的方法。演講者提到，你必須閱讀和傾聽正確的英語句子，以此來糾正錯誤。結(jié)合題干，可知答案為listeningandreading。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]7.（）正確答案：avoidmakingmistakes參考解析：此題涉及結(jié)論部分。演講者在結(jié)論中提到，戰(zhàn)勝錯誤并非易事，最好的方法是避免錯誤。根據(jù)題目意思，可知答案為avoidmakingmistakes。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]8.（）正確答案：error-free參考解析：此題涉及避免錯誤的第一點建議。首先就是要妥善使用零錯誤口語規(guī)則，根據(jù)題意可知答案為error-free。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]9.（）正確答案：input參考解析：此題涉及如何避免在英語學(xué)習(xí)中犯錯誤的回答。根據(jù)錄音材料可知，要增加英語閱讀和聽力輸入，由此可知答案為input。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]10.（）正確答案：goodexamples/correctsentences參考解析：此題涉及如何避免在英語學(xué)習(xí)中犯錯誤的回答。根據(jù)錄音材料可知，你可以在大腦里對所有正確的好例句進(jìn)行模仿。故答案為goodexamples或correctsentences。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]11.（）正確答案：nativespeakers參考解析：此題考查學(xué)習(xí)正確的英語的方法。講座中演講者提到，當(dāng)你正在跟一位本族語者進(jìn)行交談時，你可以采取以下做法。根據(jù)題目，可知答案為nativespeakers。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]12.（）正確答案：howtouse參考解析：此題考查學(xué)習(xí)正確的英語的方法。錄音中提到，當(dāng)你說出有可能錯誤的句子時，其他人會告訴你正確的用法，由此可推出答案為howtouse。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]13.（）正確答案：conditions/preconditions/premises參考解析：關(guān)于最后綜述中提到的方法，演講者在講座中說明了使用條件。演講者提到，這些方法只有在你認(rèn)為自己所說的東西有可能是錯誤的情況下才可行。因此可推測出答案為conditions，preconditions或premises。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]14.（）正確答案：correct參考解析：該題詳細(xì)討論了這些使用條件。也就是說只有當(dāng)你知道你說的話有可能錯誤，或者你出錯的時候有人會糾正你時，這一技巧才行得通，故應(yīng)填入correct。HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglish[填空題]15.（）正確答案：occasionally/nowandthen參考解析：此題繼續(xù)考查上一題的具體內(nèi)容。講座中談到三個前提條件，其中第三個內(nèi)容是，你只能偶爾使用這個方法。結(jié)合題目，可知答案為occasionally或其近義表達(dá)nowandthen?！句浺粼摹縃owPracticeCanDamageYourEnglishGoodmorning,everyone.Today,IamgoingtotalkaboutthenegativeroleofpracticeinEnglishlearning.Ifyouask“HowcanIlearntospeakEnglishbetter?”,manypeoplewilltellyou“Practice,practice,practice”.“SpeakandwriteinEnglishwheneveryoucan”—theywillsay.AllEnglishclassesarefullofactivitieswhichinvolvespeakingandwritingwhicharesupposedtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Weagreethatpracticecanbeveryuseful.It’sevennecessarytolearnEnglishwell.Sowhat’stheproblem?Theproblemisthatformanylearners,“speaking”or“writing”means“makingalotofmistakes”.Somepeoplemakeamistakeineverysentence!Ifyoudon’tmakemanymistakes,thenyoucanspeakorwriteinEnglishanditcanonlyhelp.Butifyoumakemanymistakes,theneverytimeyouwriteorspeak,youreinforceyourmistakes.Asyouwriteorspeak,yourepeatyourmistakesconstantlyandyourincorrecthabitsbecomestronger.Imaginethissituation:Youarewritingane-mailmessageinEnglish.YourEnglishisnotperfectandyouwanttowritethemessagequickly.Youwriteincorrectly:“IwantspeakEnglish.”Whenyouwriteasentence,youalsoreadit.Sotheincorrectsentencegoesintoyourhead.Thenexttimeyouwriteamessage,youwillbemorelikelytowrite“Iwantfinish”or“Iwantbehappy”.Why?Because“IwantspeakEnglish”isfreshinyourhead—you’vejustusedit!Andwhenyouwrite“Iwantdosomething”thesecondtime,you’vegota“badhabit”,orareinforcedmistake.Nowdoyouseeourpoint?Youwrite—youmakemistakes—thosemistakesbecomeyourhabit,theybecomeyourwayofwritinginEnglish.So,themoreyouwrite,theworseyourEnglishbecomes.WehavesaidthatyouneedpracticetolearnEnglish.Wehavealsosaidthatwhenyoupractice,youreinforceyourmistakes.Michalsuggestsasimplesolutiontothisparadox:Nevermakemistakes!Accordingtowhathesays,itisclosetothetruththatyouhaveneverwrittenanincorrectEnglishsentence.Youknewmanygrammaticalstructuresandyouusedonlythosethatyouknew.Yoursentencesweresimilartosentenceswhichyouknewtobecorrect.Youfollowedgoodexamples,soallyoursentencesweregood.Inthebeginning,youcouldwriteonlyverysimplesentences,butallthesimplesentenceswerecorrect.Thenasyouadvanced,youaddedmoreandmorecomplicatedstructures,andagainallyoursentenceswerecorrect.Becauseofthisapproach,youwereneverreinforcingbadhabits.Youneverhadanybadhabits!Fromthebeginning,youcopiedonlycorrectsentences.Witheverysentencethatyouwrote,youreinforcedyourgoodhabits.Ontheotherside,ifyoumakemanymistakes,speakingandwritingisnotthewaytoeliminatethem!Onthecontrary,itreinforcesthem,aswehaveshownearlier.Youhavetorealizethatspeakingdoesnotimproveyourgrammaroryourvocabulary.It’sreallyverysimple.Canyoulearnanewwordfromyourself?Ifyoudon’tknowhowtosay“Goodbye”inEnglish,canyouinventitbyyourself?No,youcan’t.YoucanonlylearnitbyreadingorlisteningtoEnglish.Sowhatyoushoulddoifyoucan’thelpbutmakemistakesinyourEnglishsentences?Ifyoumakemistakes,thatmeansyoudon’tknowhowtosaythingsinEnglish.Youneedtolearnhowtosaythem.Youwon’tlearnthatbyspeakingorwriting.YoumustreadandlistentocorrectEnglishsentences.Youcanspeakandwritelater—whenyoucanalreadybuildcorrectEnglishsentencesandwanttoimproveyourfluency.Perhapsyoucanbenefitfromcorrectionsifyougetafewcorrectionsperweek.Butwhentherearemanymistakes,youbecomeunabletoconcentrateonthem.Ifateacherreturnsyourcompositionwith20correctedmistakes,howmanyofthesecorrectionscanyoukeepinyourmind?Besides,yourteacherisnotalwaysthere.Whatifyou’rewritingane-mailmessageonyourownortalkingtosomeoneelse?Otherpeopleusuallyignoreyourmistakes,andevenyourteacherdoesnotpointoutallofthem.Theconclusionwouldbethatfightingyourmistakesisnoteasy,soit’sbettertoavoidmakingmistakesaltogether.First,trytobemorecarefulbyusingtherulesoferror-freespeaking.Ifyoustillmakealotofmistakes,orifyoufindthattherulesarekillingyourmotivation,youprobablyshouldn’topenyourmouthjustnow.Instead,trytogetmoreinputbyreadingandlisteninginEnglish.True,butbelieveus—youcanlearnEnglishwithalmostnomistakes.How?Youcanfillyourbrainwithcorrectsentencesandimitatethem.Youcansimplyfollowgoodexamples.Moreover,sometimesyoucansayorwritesomethingwhichyouthinkiswrong.YoucandoitifyouwanttolearnhowtosaysomethinginEnglish.Forexample,ifyouaretalkingtoanativespeaker,youcandothis:First,say“I’mnotsurehowtosaythisinEnglish,but...”andthensayyoursentencewhichisprobablywrong.AndtheotherpersoncantellyouhowtosayitinEnglishcorrectly.Fromthatyoulearnthecorrectwaytosaythesentence.Noticethatthistechniqueisonlysafeifyouknowthatyouaresayingsomethingwhichmaybewrong,oryouaresurethattheotherpersonwillcorrectyouifyoumakeamistake.Andyouuseitonlyoccasionally.Insummary,itshouldbenotedthatpracticecanalsoserveasanegativefactorinEnglishlearning.Hopeallofyoucanfindthesolutiontoitfromtoday’slecture.HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]16.（）正確答案：ahead/beforehand參考解析：講座的主題是撰寫學(xué)位論文的方法（methodsforwritingadissertation）。講座中談到兩個必要準(zhǔn)備。此題考查第一個準(zhǔn)備，即預(yù)先計劃。故此處答案為ahead或其近義表達(dá)beforehand。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]17.（）正確答案：hypothesis參考解析：錄音中提到關(guān)于論文的基本概念：論文是一種假設(shè)或猜想。由此可知這里應(yīng)填入hypothesis。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]18.（）正確答案：formaldocument參考解析：講座中提到博士學(xué)位論文是一種繁瑣的、正式的文件。因此答案為formaldocument。聽力中定義性或概念性的信息是常考點，考生在聽錄音時應(yīng)注意。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]19.（）正確答案：collection參考解析：根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容可知，論文中采用的科學(xué)方法是先提出假設(shè)，再收集證據(jù)來驗證或推翻假設(shè)。題目要求填入名詞，故用collect的名詞形式collection。序列詞之后的信息為?？键c，考生應(yīng)多加注意。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]20.（）正確答案：criticalthinking參考解析：根據(jù)錄音材料可知，講座中談到了第二點是批判性思維。接著又提到，學(xué)位論文的精髓在于批判性思維。對應(yīng)題干，可知答案為criticalthinking。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]21.（）正確答案：principles參考解析：錄音中提到論文同樣也專注于一些原則：其陳述的是經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，而不只是這背后的現(xiàn)象，由此可知答案為principles。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]22.（）正確答案：support參考解析：講座中演講者提到，一般來說，論文中提出的每個論點都必須參考已發(fā)表的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)或原著來支撐。因此可知答案為support。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]23.（）正確答案：communicate參考解析：此題涉及從論文練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。講座中演講人提到，所有科學(xué)家都需要交流彼此的研究成果，博士論文則為此交流提供了平臺。結(jié)合題目，故答案為communicate。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]24.（）正確答案：terminology參考解析：講座第四點關(guān)于論文中的一些定義及術(shù)語。在寫論文時要搞清楚這些這些定義和術(shù)語，故答案為terminology。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]25.（）正確答案：previouslypublished參考解析：此題涉及下定義和術(shù)語界定的內(nèi)容。錄音材料中具體提到，學(xué)術(shù)論文中使用的每一個術(shù)語必須是已出版的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)語參考文獻(xiàn)中明確定義過的。結(jié)合題干，可知答案為previouslypublished。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]26.（）正確答案：unambiguous參考解析：此題考查的術(shù)語的定義。錄音中提到每個術(shù)語必須用一個精確的、清晰的概念來定義，結(jié)合題干，可知答案為unambiguous。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]27.（）正確答案：essential/important/vital參考解析：此題考查人們必須謹(jǐn)記的重要原則。在講座中演講者提到，優(yōu)秀的寫作能力對論文寫作十分重要。結(jié)合題干，故此處應(yīng)填essential或其近義表達(dá)important或vital。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]28.（）正確答案：present參考解析：此題談到論文寫作中的時態(tài)問題。由錄音材料可知，演講者建議用現(xiàn)在時進(jìn)行論文寫作。對應(yīng)題目，可知答案為present。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]29.（）正確答案：negation參考解析：該題考查的是一些語言點，其中這一條是要將否定提前，因此填入的是negation。HowtoWriteaDissertation[填空題]30.（）正確答案：practice參考解析：此題涉及講座中談到的成功的秘訣。錄音中提到，成功的秘訣是實踐。因此答案為practice?！句浺粼摹縃owtoWriteaDissertationGoodafternoon,everyone.Welcometotoday’slectureaboutwriting.Ihaveknownthatyouarepreparingtowriteadissertationatpresent.Unlessyouhavewrittenmanyformaldocumentsbefore,youaregoingtofindthatit’sdifficult!So,intoday’slecture,Iwilltalkaboutmethodsforwritingadissertation.Theforemostthingsyoushouldknowaretwonecessarypreparationsforsuccessfulcompletionofadissertation.Thefirstisplanningahead.Aplanimposesastructureontheprojectandpreventsyoufromdriftingaimlesslyforlongperiodsoftime.Itwillhelpmotivateyoutoworkduringtediousordifficultphasesandprovidestheincentivetomakesacrifices.Thesecondisthemaintenanceofhealthybalance.Thedissertationissuchatime-consumingprojectthatitcanseemimpossibletoleadabalancedlife.Withoutahealthybalanceoflife,youmayfeelangry,resentful,frustrated,overwhelmed,anddepressedonaconsistentbasis.Inordertomaintainahealthybalance,itisoftenhelpfultodevotetimeeverydayandweektoyourphysical,social,intellectual,emotionalandspiritualwell-being.Next,Iwillprovideyouwithafewgeneralideasaboutadissertation.Asweknow,athesisisahypothesisorconjecture.Adissertationisalengthy,formaldocumentthatarguesindefenseofaparticularthesis.Somanypeopleusetheterm“thesis”torefertothedocumentthatacurrentdictionarynowincludesitasthethirdmeaning.No.1:Scientificmethod.Thescientificmethodadoptedinadissertationmeansstartingwithahypothesisandthencollectingevidencetosupportordenyit.Beforeonecanwriteadissertationdefendingaparticularthesis,onemustcollectevidencethatsupportsit.Thus,themostdifficultaspectofwritingadissertationconsistsoforganizingtheevidenceandassociateddiscussionsintoacoherentform.No.2:Criticalthinking.Theessenceofadissertationiscriticalthinking,notexperimentaldata.Analysisandconceptsformtheheartofthework.Adissertationalsoconcentratesonprinciples:itstatesthelessonslearned,andnotmerelythefactsbehindthem.No.3:Supportingmaterials.Ingeneral,everystatementinadissertationmustbesupportedeitherbyareferencetopublishedscientificliteratureorbyoriginalwork.But,adissertationdoesnotrepeatthedetailsofcriticalthinkingandanalysisfoundinpublishedsources;itusestheresultsasfactandrefersthereadertothesourceforfurtherdetails.Eachsentenceinadissertationmustbecompleteandcorrectinagrammaticalsense.Moreover,adissertationmustsatisfythestrictrulesofformalgrammar.Forexample,noundefinedtechnicaljargon,nohiddenjokes,andnoslang,evenwhensuchtermsorphrasesareincommonuseinthespokenlanguage.Indeed,thewritinginadissertationmustbeclear.Shadesofmeaningmatter;theterminologyandprosemustmakefinedistinctions.Thewordsmustconveyexactlythemeaningintended,nothingmoreandnothingless.Eachstatementinadissertationmustbecorrectanddefensibleinalogicalandscientificsense.Furthermore,thediscussionsinadissertationmustsatisfythestrictestrulesoflogicappliedtomathematicsandscience.Thirdly,wehavetoknowwhatoneshouldlearnfromtheexercise.Allscientistsneedtocommunicatediscoveries;thedissertationprovidestrainingforcommunicationwithotherscientists.Writingadissertationrequiresastudenttothinkdeeply,toorganizetechnicaldiscussion,tomusterargumentsthatwillconvinceotherscientists,andtofollowrulesforrigorous,formalpresentationoftheargumentsanddiscussion.Whenwritingadissertation,weshouldalsobeclearaboutdefinitionsandterminology.Eachtechnicaltermusedinadissertationmustbedefinedeitherbyareferencetoapreviouslypublisheddefinitionforstandardtermswiththeirusualmeaningorbyaprecise,unambiguousdefinitionthatappearsbeforethetermisusedforanewtermorastandardtermusedinanunusualway.Andeachtermshouldbeusedinoneandonlyonewaythroughoutthedissertation.Theeasiestwaytoavoidalongseriesofdefinitionsistoincludeastatement.Then,onlydefineexceptions.Theintroductorychaptercangivetheintuitionoftermsprovidedtheyaredefinedmorepreciselylater.Lastbutnotleastimportantislanguagepoints.Thereisaprincipleweshouldremember,i.e.,goodwritingessentialinadissertation.Asforvoice,remembertouseactiveconstructions.Forexample,say“theoperatingsystemstartsthedevice”insteadof“thedeviceisstartedbytheoperatingsystem.”Thenwriteinthepresenttense.Forexample,say“Thesystemwritesapagetothediskandthenusestheframe”insteadof“Thesystemwillusetheframeafteritwrotethepagetodisk”.Moreover,youshoulddefinenegationearly.Forinstance,say“nodatablockwaitsontheoutputqueue”insteadof“adatablockawaitingoutputisnotonthequeue.”Atlast,youshouldbecarefulthatthesubjectofeachsentencereallydoeswhattheverbsaysitdoes.Allcomputerscientistsshouldknowtherulesoflogic.UnfortunatelytherulesaremoredifficulttofollowwhenthelanguageofdiscourseisEnglishinsteadofmathematicalsymbols.Whenwrittenusingmathematicalsymbols,thedifferencesareobviousbecause“forall”and“thereexists”arereversed.Asfarasthelanguagepointsareconcerned,thereisakeytosuccess:practice.Nooneeverlearnedtowritebyreadingessayslikethis.Instead,youneedtopracticeandpractice.Thisisthesecrettowritingagooddissertation.Toconclude,wehavediscussedsomenecessarypreparationsbeforewritingadissertation.Whatfollowsaresomeguidingprinciples,includingsomegeneralideasofadissertationandhowtoreachagoodwriting.Finally,Iprovideyouwithakeytosuccessfulwriting,i.e.,practice.Afterthislecture,Ihopeyoumayfindyourdissertation-writingsmooth.HowtobeanExpert[填空題]31.（）正確答案：academicconference參考解析：講座的主題：是什么使人們成為其領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的專家？（whatmakessomeoneanexpertinhis/herfield?）。在講座中演講者提到，他是在一次受邀參加人類學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)會議演講時才開始思考“是什么使人們成為其領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的專家？”這個問題。結(jié)合題干，可知答案為academicconference。講座常在開篇介紹講座的主題和演講者對主題的看法，是?？键c。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]32.（）正確答案：characteristics/features參考解析：此題開始涉及特定領(lǐng)域中真正的專家的五個特征。結(jié)合題目，可知答案為characteristics或其近義詞features。錄音中l(wèi)et’sstartwith后的內(nèi)容為?？键c，應(yīng)做好筆記。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]33.（）正確答案：memorizedinformation參考解析：此題考查五個特征中的第一個特征，即豐富的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域知識。由錄音可知，專業(yè)知識包括已習(xí)得的知識和獲得更多知識的途徑。對應(yīng)題干，可知答案為memorizedinformation。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]34.（）正確答案：experience參考解析：該題考察的是第二個特征：運用專業(yè)知識的豐富經(jīng)驗。錄音中提到，除了專業(yè)知識，專家還需要有運用這些知識的豐富經(jīng)驗。對應(yīng)題干，可知答案為experience。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]35.（）正確答案：nopre-existing/noready-made參考解析：此題涉及第二個特征：運用專業(yè)知識的豐富經(jīng)驗。錄音中提到，他/她應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠創(chuàng)造性對專業(yè)知識加以運用并在沒有既存參照案例的情況下解決問題。對照題目，可知答案為nopre-existing或同義項noready-made。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]36.（）正確答案：Communicationability/Abilitytocommunicate參考解析：此題考查五個特征中的第三個特征。錄音中提到，如果沒有溝通能力，擁有專業(yè)知識也毫無意義。由此可知答案應(yīng)為Communicationability或Abilitytocommunicate。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]37.（）正確答案：expertise參考解析：此題考查第三個特征中的相關(guān)信息。由錄音可知，只擁有解決問題的能力不會讓你成為專家，而會讓你成為問題的奴隸。成為只能解決問題的唯一人或許可以讓你謀生，但你并沒有多少時間來發(fā)展專業(yè)技能。由此可知答案應(yīng)為expertise。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]38.（）正確答案：Connectedness/Beingsocialized參考解析：此題考查第四個特征。講座中演講者列舉五個特征：知識、經(jīng)驗、溝通能力、關(guān)聯(lián)能力和好奇心，因此空格處可填Connectedness。另外，演講者還提到，專業(yè)知識最終會成為社會的，因此也可填入Beingsocialize。故答案為Connectedness或Beingsocialize。講座分論點或分標(biāo)題是?？键c，記筆記時應(yīng)注意。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]39.（）正確答案：Curiosity參考解析：該題考查第五個特征。講座中提到專家們都對他們自己的領(lǐng)域感興趣，并且一直在尋找新的答案、新的方法等。由此可知，專家們需要有好奇心，故答案為Curiosity。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]40.（）正確答案：self-education/on-the-jobtraining參考解析：此題涉及講座中的另個話題，即如何成為專家。錄音中關(guān)于此話題，演講者談到了通過學(xué)校教育、自學(xué)、在職訓(xùn)練或其他渠道汲取專業(yè)知識。題目中出現(xiàn)etc.，因此只需填入其中一項即可。故知答案為self-education或on-the-jobtraining。列舉之處是?？键c，記筆記時應(yīng)多注意。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]41.（）正確答案：perpetuallearning參考解析：此題考查的是成為專家的第一條建議。首先提到的是要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)，要了解自身知識的局限性，故答案為perpetuallearning。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]42.（）正確答案：limitation/lack/shortage參考解析：此題考查長期學(xué)習(xí)（perpetuallearning）的內(nèi)容。錄音中提到，作為一名專家意味著必須知曉你目前知識水平的局限性，而有時這種認(rèn)知會令人痛苦。故答案為limitation或其同義詞lack，shortage。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]43.（）正確答案：reflecting/showing/presenting參考解析：此題考查練習(xí)的內(nèi)容。錄音中演講者談到，你每天的實踐必須反映出自身的專業(yè)技能，否則人們會認(rèn)為你不是專家。結(jié)合題干，對應(yīng)錄音內(nèi)容，可知答案為reflecting或showing或presenting。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]44.（）正確答案：presentationskills參考解析：此題考查的是演講的技巧。錄音中提到，第四條就是演講的技巧，要學(xué)會使用所需的任何技術(shù)用盡可能好的方法來展示你的專業(yè)知識，由此可知答案為presentationskills。HowtobeanExpert[填空題]45.（）正確答案：sharingyourknowledge參考解析：講座在最后部分提到，廣泛分享你的專業(yè)知識，讓人們明白為何需要專家。研讀題干，該部分的并列項均為名詞形式，可知此空也應(yīng)填入名詞形式。故答案為sharingyourknowledge。講座分論點或分標(biāo)題之處是常考點，筆記時需注意?！句浺粼摹縃owtobeanExpertHi,everyone.I’vebeenthinkinglately,whatmakessomeonean“expert”inhisorherfield,whichisalsothetopicoftoday’slecture.AsfarasIknow,Lorellehasbeenthinkingthesamething,becausesherecentlywroteapostcalledWhatGivesYoutheRighttoTellMe?

attheBlogHeraldthatexplorestheissueofexpertiseinsomedepth.Forme,thisquestionstartedtooccurtomewhenIwasinvitedtospeakatanacademicconferenceonanthropologyrecently.Apparently,Ihavebecomeanexpertonthetopic,someonepeoplelooktowhentheywantmoreinformation.Howdidthathappen?ThisisnotatopicIstudiedatschoolorthesubjectofmydissertation;infact,itwasn’tevenreallyatopicatalluntiltheUSArmyreleasedtheirnewcounterinsurgencyfieldmanuallastyearandstartedforoperationsinIraqandAfghanistan.ThinkingabouthowIcametobea“go-to”persononthistopichasgottenmethinkingabouthowanyonebecomesthepersontocallwhenyouneedhelp,abouthowpeoplebecomeexpertsintheirfield.Infact,anyonewhothinkstheyhavelearnedeverythingthereistoknowaboutatopicprobablyisn’tanexpert—I’dcallthemsomethingcloserto“rankamateur”.Let’sstartwiththisquestion:What’sanexpert?Whileknowledgeisobviouslyanimportantqualityofexpertise,it’sonlyoneofseveralfactorsthatmakesomeoneanexpertintheirfield.I’vecomeupwithfivecharacteristicsofrealexperts:knowledge,experience,communicationability,connectednessandcuriosity.Nowlet’scometothemrespectivelyindetail.Clearlybeinganexpertrequiresanimmenseworkingknowledgeofyoursubject.Partofthisismemorizedinformation,andpartofitisknowingwheretofindinformationyouhaven’tmemorized.Inadditiontoknowledge,anexpertneedstohavesignificantexperienceworkingwiththatknowledge.Heorsheneedstobeabletoapplyitincreativeways,tobeabletosolveproblemsthathavenopre-existingsolutionstheycanlookup—andtoidentifyproblemsthatnobodyelsehasnoticedyet.Expertisewithouttheabilitytocommunicateitispracticallypointless.Beingtheonlypersonintheworldwhocansolveaproblem,timeaftertimeaftertime,doesn’tmakeyouanexpert,itmakesyouaslavetotheproblem.Itmightmakeyoualiving,butit’snotgoingtogiveyoumuchtimetodevelopyourexpertise—meaningsoonerorlater,someonewithknowledgeandcommunicationabilityisgoingtofigureoutyoursecret,teachittotheworld,andleaveyoutothedustbinofhistory.Expertiseisultimatelysocial.Expertsareembeddedinawebofotherexpertswhoexchangenewideasandapproachestoproblems,andtheyareembeddedinawidersocialwebthatconnectsthemtopeoplewhoneedtheirexpertise.Expertsarecuriousabouttheirfieldandrecognizethelimitationsoftheirownunderstandingofit.Theyareconstantlyseekingnewanswers,newapproaches,andnewwaysofextendingtheirfield.Then,let’smoveontothistopic:Howtobecomeanexpert?Sometimesbecominganexpertjustkindofhappens,whichishowIbecameanexpertinanthropologyandcounterinsurgencywithoutreallytrying.Butmostofthetime,wecarefullypursueexpertise,whetherthroughschooling,self-education,on-the-jobtrainingorsomeotheravenue.There’sno“quickandeasy”pathtoexpertise.Thatsaid,peopledobecomeexpertseveryday,inallsortsoffields.Youbecomeanexpertbyfocusingonthesethings:Firstly,thatisperpetuallearning.Beinganexpertmeansbeingaware,sometimespainfullyaware,ofthelimitationsofyourcurrentlevelofknowledge.Theresimplyisnopointaswhichyou’re“done”learningyourfield.Investyourselfinalifelonglearningprocess.Constantlybeonthelookoutforideasandviewsbothwithinandfromoutsideyourownfieldthatcanextendyourownunderstanding.Then,buildstrongconnectionswithotherpeopleinyourfield.Seekoutmentors—andmakeyourselfavailabletothelessexperienced.Also,learntopromoteyourselftothepeoplewhoneedyourskills—theonlywayyou’llgainexperienceisbygettingoutanddoing,whichiswhat’swecallednetworking.Furthermore,notjustinthe“gainexperience”sensebutinyourthe“practicewhatyoupreach”sense.Youwouldn’ttrustapersonalorganizerwhoalwaysforgotyourappointments,orasearchengineoptimizationexpertwhosesitewaslistedonthe438thresultspageinGoogle,right?Yourdailypracticeneedstoreflectyourexpertise,orpeoplewillnottrustyouasanexpert.So,practiceisnecessary.Thefourththingispresentationskills:Learntousewhatevertechnologiesyouneedtopresentyourexpertiseinthebestpossibleway.Andby“technologies”Idon’tjustmeanwebdesignandPowerPoint,Imeanwriting,drawing,publicspeaking—eventhewayyoudresswilldeterminewhetheryou’retakenforanexpertoraknow-it-allschmuck.Lastly,remembertoshare:10yearsago,nobodyknewtheyneededexpertbloggersontheirstafftopromotethemselves.5yearsago,nobodyknewtheyneededSEOexpertstogetattentionfortheirwebsites.Ahandfulofearlyexperts—expertsthat,insomecases,didn’tevenknowwhattheywereexpertsin—sharedenoughofwhattheyknewtomakepeopleunderstandwhytheyneededexperts.Shareyourknowledgewidely,sothatpeopleunderstandwhytheyneedanexpert,andyoudon’tbecomeaone-trickponywhoistheonlypersonwhocanfixaparticularproblem.Tosumupbriefly,we’vediscussedwhatallexpertisandhowtobecomeone.Hopeallofyouhaveenjoyedthislecture.Thankyou.ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]46.（）正確答案：otherareas/fields參考解析：講座的主題是提高英語學(xué)習(xí)動機的方法（techniquesforimprovingyourmotivationforlearningEnglish）。講座開始時演講者提到，這些在英語學(xué)習(xí)中常用到的方法，也被用于非英語學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，用來激發(fā)我們的動力?？芍鸢笧閛therareas或otherfields。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]47.（）正確答案：nativespeakers參考解析：關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語的動力，錄音中提到，設(shè)想你可以與本族語者流利交流；設(shè)想其他人渴望像你一樣說一口流利的英語；設(shè)想自己能與世界各地的人用郵件交流。對照題目，可知答案為nativespeakers。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]48.（）正確答案：Writingemail參考解析：關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)的動力其中包括設(shè)想自己能與世界各地的人用郵件交流，對照題目可知答案為Writingemail。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]49.（）正確答案：notperfect/imperfect參考解析：關(guān)于如何提高英語學(xué)習(xí)的動機。錄音中提到，你很棒，你已經(jīng)懂得了一些英語知識，但是你的英語可能還不夠完美。對應(yīng)題目，可知答案為notperfect或imperfect。轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的信息是為常考點，考生應(yīng)注意做筆記，尤其是涉及觀點的句子。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]50.（）正確答案：pronunciation參考解析：錄音中提到許多可能存在的錯誤，如發(fā)音不好，詞匯量不足，現(xiàn)在完成時和條件從句的語法問題等。由此可知答案為pronunciation。舉例處為常考點，應(yīng)做好筆記。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]51.（）正確答案：widely/popularlyused參考解析：此題涉及提高英語學(xué)習(xí)的動機的方法。錄音中提到，英語是世界流行語，隨處可用。對照題目，可知答案為widelyused或popularlyused。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]52.（）正確答案：English-languagewebsites參考解析：此題考查提高英語學(xué)習(xí)動機的第二個方法，就是任何時候能用英語就用，可以用Google找到英文網(wǎng)站，查詢有趣的信息，故答案為English-languagewebsites。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]53.（）正確答案：watchingAmericancartoons參考解析：關(guān)于英語網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容，錄音中提到你可以觀看美國動畫片，玩冒險游戲，閱讀有趣英文書籍。結(jié)合題目，可知答案為watchingAmericancartoons。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]54.（）正確答案：effectivemethods參考解析：第二點建議盡可能的使用英語，同時如果你也使用有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你的英語進(jìn)步速度會超出你的想象。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]55.（）正確答案：get/becomeinterested參考解析：關(guān)于提高英語學(xué)習(xí)動機的第三個方法。演講者提到，如果你試著談?wù)撃阌X得無聊的話題，漸漸地就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有趣。由此可知答案為get/becomeinterested。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]56.（）正確答案：Spendingmoney參考解析：關(guān)于提高英語學(xué)習(xí)動機的第四個方法，就是要在英語學(xué)習(xí)上花錢。如果你在某樣?xùn)|西上花了錢，你就會想使用它。結(jié)合題干，可知答案為Spendingmoney。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]57.（）正確答案：increases參考解析：錄音中提到，如果你想要提高學(xué)英語的欲望，可以買本新字典，買有趣的英語書籍，或訂閱英語有線電視。由此可知答案為increases。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]58.（）正確答案：impulse參考解析：錄音中提到在英語學(xué)習(xí)上花錢是有幫助的，因為它給你開始學(xué)習(xí)的動力，由此可知，答案為impulse。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]59.（）正確答案：action參考解析：此題考查提高英語學(xué)習(xí)動機的第五個方法。錄音中演講者最后提到，必須記住，學(xué)習(xí)英語需要行動。由此可知答案為action。ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglish[填空題]60.（）正確答案：success參考解析：關(guān)于英語學(xué)習(xí)中需要的行動，演講者提到，只要你在生活中稍做改變，從此拒絕拖延，馬上付諸行動，你就會獲得成功。文中關(guān)鍵詞successful是形容詞，此處應(yīng)填入名詞，故答案為success。【錄音原文】ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglishHi,everyone.Intoday’slecture,wewillsharethetechniquesforimprovingyourmotivationforlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguagetogether.WeusedthemallthetimewhenwewerelearningEnglishandwestillusethemwhenweneedtoboostourmotivationinareasotherthanEnglish.Imagineyoucantalktonativespeakerjustlikeyoutalkinyourfirstlanguage.ImagineotherpeoplewantingtospeakEnglishaswellasyoudo.