高中英語外研版必修第一冊Unit 2　Period 2　Understanding ideas-Reading comprehension

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages?toconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample：BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime？Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Thengradually?betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened：firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelatter?gaveaseparateidentity?toAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent?EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity？Onlytimewilltell.(選自人教版老教材必修1Unit2)詞匯積累1．voyage/'v???d?/n．航海；航行2．gradually/'ɡr?d???l?/adv.逐步地；逐漸地3．latter/'l?t?/adj.(兩者中)后者的；較后的；后半的4．identity/a?'dent?t?/n．身份；本身；本體5．fluent/'flu??nt/adj.流暢的；流利的Period2Understandingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．sculpt A．beingtheonlyoneofitskind2．seasick B．a(chǎn)devicethatwarnspeopleofaparticulardanger3．unique C．tomakefiguresorobjectsbycarvingorshapingwood，stone，metal，etc.4．visible D．toshowtheimageofsb/sthonthesurfaceofsthsuchasamirrororglass5．reflect E．feelingsick/illorwantingtovomitwhenyouaretravelingonaboat6．a(chǎn)larm F．thatcanbeseen答案1.C2.E3.A4.F5.D6.BⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(havetroubledoing，inone’sfreetime，speakof，wonderat，burnup)1．Tobehonest，IhadtroublewritingEnglishjournalslastyear.2．Inaddition，whenhespokeofhisjourney，hetoldmesomewonderfulplacesofinterest.3．Theboywasawarethatifheputonmorecoal，thefirewouldburnup.4．Actually，nothingcanmakehimhappierthanplayingwithhislittledaughterinhisfreetime.5．YoucanwalkdownCastleStreet，admireuniquebuildings，andthenwonderatthecastle.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Englishisverydifficulttolearn.B．HowtolearnEnglish.C．Englishisinterestingandcreative.D．HowEnglishwascreated.答案CⅡ.悉層次結(jié)構(gòu)Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1) A．Examplesofsomeconfusingexpressions.Part2(Paras.2－6) B．ThereasonwhyEnglishissocrazy.Part3(Para.7) C．Englishisacrazylanguagetolearn.答案Part1CPart2APart3BStep2細(xì)讀——逐段獲取細(xì)節(jié)Ⅰ.ReadPart1(Para.1)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatmadetheauthorthinkmoreaboutEnglish?A．Findingnoeggineggplant.B．Needingahamburgertofeedthechild.C．MeetingtroubleinlearningEnglish.D．Thequestionraisedbythechild.答案D2．Completethenoteswithwordsfromthepassage.·noeggineggplant·nohaminhamburger·neitherpinenorappleinpineapple3．Whatrulecanyougetfromexamplesabove?Wecan’talwaysunderstandacompoundwordbyaddingthemeaningsofthewordsthatitismadeupof!Ⅱ.ReadPart2(Paras.2－6)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whyarethewords“photo”and“homesick”mentioned?A．ToshowhowEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.B．Totellusthedifferencesbetweentheirusages.C．Toanalyzetheformationofthewords.D．Toshowhowtolearnacrazylanguage.答案A2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesentence“Eventhesmallestwordscanbeconfusing.”inparagraph5mean?A．Puzzling. B．Shocking.C．Inspiring. D．Encouraging.答案A3．Whatdoestheabbreviation(縮寫詞)“WHO”inamedicalreportrepresent?答案WorldHealthOrganization.Ⅲ.ReadPart3(Para.7)carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhydoestheauthorthinkEnglishisinterestingandcreative?ThereasonisthatEnglishwasinventedbypeople，anditreflectsthecreativityofthehumanrace.2．Whichruledotheexamplesinparagraph7fitinto?A．Wecan’talwaysunderstandacompoundwordbyaddingthemeaningsofthewordsitismadeupof!B．Thesamewordsandphrasesmayhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.C．Differentwordsorphrasesmayhavethesamemeaning!D．Thesameruledoesn’talwaysapplytoeverything!答案BⅣ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whattypeoftextisthispassage?A．Anovel. B．Adiary.C．Apoem. D．Anessay(小品文)．答案D2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Byfollowingthewayofspelling.B．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.C．Byprovidingexamples.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案CStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sopinionabouttheEnglishlanguage?Giveyourreasons.(Creativethinking)答案Iagreewiththeauthor’sopinionabouttheEnglishlanguage.IalsothinkEnglishiscreativeandabitconfusing.Forexample，“intheway”and“ontheway”，“infrontof”and“inthefrontof”meandifferently.2．WhatdoyoufindmostchallengingaboutlearningEnglish?Howdoyoudealwiththis？(Criticalthinking)答案Ifindgrammarmostchallenging，becausesometimestherearerulestofollow，butsometimestherearenorules.IthinkthebestwayistohavemoreinputofEnglishbyreadingandlistening.Step4總結(jié)——課文語法填空Onedaymysonasked1.me(I)whethertherewashaminahamburger.ThismademerealizeEnglishcanbeacrazylanguagetolearn.Thereisnoeggineggplantandneitheristherepine2.norappleinpineapple.ThereareotherthingsthatIfeel3.extremely(extreme)puzzled.Wetravelinthecarorthetaxibut4.onthetrainorbus.Homeworkisnot5.thesameashousework.What’smore，“harmless”istheoppositeof“harmful”but“shameless”and“shameful”6.are(be)thesame.Eventhesmallestwordscanbe7.confusing(confuse)．Youmaynotread“WHO”inamedicalreportasthe“who”in“Who’sthat？”English8.wasinvented(invent)bypeopleandit9.reflects(reflect)thecreativityofthehumanrace.Thatiswhythese10.differences(different)happen.Step5解讀——長句難句分析1．Ihadn’t，untilonedaymyfive-year-oldsonaskedmewhethertherewashaminahamburger.[句式分析]此句是主從復(fù)合句。not...until...意為“直到……才……”，until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[自主翻譯]我從未想過這個(gè)問題，直到有一天，我五歲的兒子問我hamburger(漢堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。2．Whilewe’redoingallthistraveling，wecangetseasickatsea，airsickintheairandcarsickinacar，butwedon’tgethomesickwhenwegetbackhome.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。but連接兩個(gè)并列的分句，表轉(zhuǎn)折；在前一個(gè)分句中，while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；在后一個(gè)分句中，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。[自主翻譯]我們會(huì)在海上暈船(seasick)、在飛機(jī)暈機(jī)(airsick)、在車?yán)飼炣?carsick)，但回到家里我們卻不會(huì)“暈家”(homesick，實(shí)際意為“想家的，思鄉(xiāng)的”)。3．Youalsohavetowonderattheuniquemadnessofalanguageinwhichahousecanburnupasitburnsdown，inwhichyoufillinaformbyfillingitout，andinwhichanalarmisonlyheardonceitgoesoff![句式分析]此句是主從復(fù)合句。三個(gè)并列的inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，在第一個(gè)從句中as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，在第三個(gè)從句中once引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。[自主翻譯]你也會(huì)對(duì)英語這門語言獨(dú)有的瘋狂感到驚奇。在英語里，房子燒成灰燼時(shí)，可以說burnup(字面意思是“燒上去”)，也可以說burndown(字面意思是“燒下去”)；填表時(shí)，你可以說fillinaform(字面意思是“填入表里”)，也可以說filloutaform(字面意思是“填到表外”)；而且只有鬧鐘gooff(字面意思是“離開”)以后你才能聽到鈴聲！4．Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout，theyarevisible，butwhenthelightsareout，theyareinvisible.[句式分析]此句是主從復(fù)合句。why引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。[自主翻譯]這就是為什么starsareout(星星出現(xiàn)了)時(shí)，我們能看到星星，而當(dāng)lightsareout(燈滅了)時(shí)，我們卻看不到燈光。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMyphonebeepedasIclosedthepassengerdoor.Iknewthatthetextwasfrommyfriend.Robin，apoet.AndIdidnotwanttoreadit.Robinhadrecentlysubmitted(提交，遞交)hermanuscript(手稿)toseveralpublishersandsheexpectedaresponsefromonesoon.Frommyview，herwritinglifewasalreadycharmed：workatacelebratedworkshopandpublicationinliteraryjournals.Iwaswaitingtohearbackfromsomebookconsultants.ThreeweekshadpassedsinceIsentthemsomemanuscriptpages.I’dreturnedtomystateoffrustration(挫敗)andthefamiliarmisery.Ineededmyphonefornavigation，soIhadnochoicebuttolookatthescreen.“Ihavenews.”ItwasRobin.“Goodnews...”MyinsidesshookasIsatwaitingformyhusband.Canweescape?AsIlongedforsomeofRobin’smagictowearoffonme，Ihadtofigureouthowtorespondtohertext，howtobeafriend.“Isitaboutyourmanuscript？”“Yes！”sheanswered.“WecantalklaterbutIhaveabookcomingoutnextyear!I’minshock?。?！”Icried，quietly.Idugdeeptofindthewordsfriendshipcalledfor—“wonderful”，“amazing”，“extremelytalented”．ButasIreread，eachwordfeltpathetic.Thistime，jealousyhadputavaluablefriendshipatrisk.Toovercomeit，IhadtofacethatRobinhadachievedsomethingIcouldnot.Noneofmyexcuses—“thedemandsofmotherhood”，“financialpressure”，“I’mnotgoodatthis”seemedtoholdupanymore.Twodayslater，Iwrotetotheconsultingcompanyagain.Theyresponded：“Thewritingisreallygood.”Iwasoverjoyed.RobinandIarestillstairsapartonthewriting-successladderbutallfourofourfeetaremovingupward.Afterherbookwasreleased，sheandImetoverbeers.Iaskedaboutherwritingprocess；howdidshecreateherbook？Aclue：itwasn’tmagic.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者的朋友Robin在寫作上的成就比作者高，這考驗(yàn)了作者作為Robin的朋友對(duì)待Robin的態(tài)度。1．Whywastheauthorunwillingtoreadthetext?A．Becauseshewastoobusytoreadit.B．BecausesheknewRobin’sresponsewell.C．BecauseshefearedRobin’sgoodnews.D．Becauseshedidn’tknowitwasfromRobin.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Robin的寫作生涯比作者順利，比作者成就高，所以作者不愿意讀短信是因?yàn)樗ε侣犚奟obin的好消息。故選C。2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Robin’sachievementsinherwritinglife.B．ThehugegapbetweenRobinandtheauthor.C．Robin’scontributiontotheauthor’ssuccess.D．Theauthor’sfeelingsaboutRobin’sliterature.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者和Robin在寫作上的成就有很大差別，因此第二段主要是關(guān)于羅賓和作者之間的巨大差距。故選B。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pathetic”inparagraph4mean?A．Delightful. B．Astonishing.C．Confusing. D．Useless.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后兩句可知，作者說前面那些話都沒有用，作者只能面對(duì)羅賓做到了作者所做不到的事這個(gè)事實(shí)，因此畫線詞pathetic的意思是“無用的”，故選D。4．WhatcanweinferaboutRobin’sbookfromthelastparagraph?A．Itisaboutmagic.B．Ittookgreatefforts.C．Itmadetheauthorjealous.D．Itwasanimmediatesuccess.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可推斷出Robin的書不是魔法變出來的，而是付出了很大的努力才寫出來的，故選B。B(2023·廣東東莞高一期中)Peoplewilltellyoutheonlywaytoreallylearnalanguageistocompletelyimmerse(浸入)yourselfinacountrywherethatlanguageisspoken.Notalllanguagelearners，ofcourse，willhavetheopportunitytospendsometimeinanimmersionenvironment.Butifyoucan’tactuallyflyacrosstheworldtolearnanewlanguage，youcanalwayscreateanimmersionenvironmentwhereyoucantalktonativespeakers.That’swhereBabbelcomesin.Babbelisoneofthemostpopularlanguagelearningappsonthemarketforstudyingnewlanguagesatyourownpace.Theappemphasises(強(qiáng)調(diào))real-lifeconversationalskills，soyouwon’tbestoppedbygrammaticalstructuresandverbpatterns.Andrightnow，youcanget15%offalifetimesubscription(訂閱)toBabbelLanguageLearning($150；)．Alifetimesubscriptionishugewhenitcomestogettingthemostoutoftheapp，sinceyou’llbeabletoreturntolessonstimeandtimeagainandbrushuponwhicheversectionortopicyoumightneed.Sohowdoesitallwork?First，you’llchooseoneofthe14languages.WhileBabbeloffersfamiliarlanguageslikeSpanishandItalian，italsoofferslesscommonlystudiedoneslikePolish，Indonesianandmore.Onceyoupickyourlanguage，you’llchooseawiderangeofreal-lifetopics.Eachcoursetakesabout10to15minutes，soyoucanpickoneuponthewaytowork，duringyourlunchbreak，orreallyatanypointyouhavesometimetokill.Beyondthis，Babbelincludesatonofadditionalfeaturestailoredtomakingsureyoulearnthelanguageinareal，practicalandaccurateway.Theappusesspeechrecognitiontechnologytomakesureyourpronunciationisaccuratecomparedwithhownativespeakerswouldsaycertainwords.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一款名叫Babbel的學(xué)習(xí)語言的應(yīng)用程序。)5．Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A．Theterrifyingexperiencesoftravelling.B．Theimportanceoflanguagelearningenvironment.C．Differentwaystolearnanewlanguage.D．Opportunitiestocommunicatewithnativespeakers.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知，此段主要闡述語言學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)語言是非常重要的。故選B。6．WhatcanweknowaboutBabbel?A．It’satoolforlearninglanguages.B．Itisdesignedinvarioustypes.C．Itfocusesmoreongrammarstructures.D．It’sthemostpopularappinthemarket.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，Babbel是一款學(xué)習(xí)語言的應(yīng)用程序，即一種學(xué)習(xí)語言的工具。故選A。7．Whatshouldtheusersdofirsttolearnwiththeapp?A．Choosetheplacetolearnacourse.B．Pickthelanguagetheywanttolearn.C．Calculatethereadingtime.D．Chooseapropertopic.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“First，you’llchooseoneofthe14languages.”可知，使用者首先要從學(xué)習(xí)軟件提供的14種語言中挑選一種自己想要學(xué)習(xí)的語言。故選B。8．WhydoesBabbelusespeechrecognitiontechnology?A．Torepresentitsadditionalfeatures.B．Tomeettheneedsofnativespeakers.C．Tocomparedifferencesbetweenwords.D．Tomakethepronunciationcorrect.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的最后一句可知，Babbel用語音識(shí)別技術(shù)是要確保發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D。CIfyouthinkEnglishmeansendlessnewwords，difficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciation，youarewrong.Haven’tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversity，learningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles(肌肉)．Thestudyalsofoundtheyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguage，thegreatertheeffectis.AteamledbyDrAndreaMechelli，fromUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)，tookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupof“earlybilinguals”whohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive，aswellasanumberoflaterlearners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity(密度)inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguage.Butthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguage，thesmallerthedifferencewas.“Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguage，”saidthescientists.Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWales，hasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills.“Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible(靈活的)，”hesaid.“Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.”ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearntEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesoftwoandthirty-four.Reading，writing，andcomprehensionwerealltested.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearn，thebetter.“Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworld，”explainedthescientists.語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：學(xué)習(xí)第二門語言可以讓人更加聰明，提升腦力。9．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthispassage?A．Manhasagreatabilityoflearningasecondlanguage.B．Languagelearningiscloselyconnectedwithmathsstudy.C．ThestudydonebytheresearchersfromUCLisverysuccessful.D．Studyingaforeignlanguagecanimproveman’sabilitytothink.答案D解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第二句以及第二段第一句可知，本文介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：學(xué)習(xí)第二門語言可以使人更聰明，提升腦力。故選D項(xiàng)。10．Whydoesthewritermention“exercise”inthesecondparagraph?A．Tosuggestlanguagelearningisalsoakindofphysicallabor.B．Tomakepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell.C．Toprovethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhe/sheislearningalanguage.D．Toshowthesignificanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnalanguage.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者提到鍛煉可以增強(qiáng)肌肉，是想通過類比使讀者相信：學(xué)習(xí)第二門語言會(huì)改變大腦灰質(zhì)，從而提高腦力。故選B項(xiàng)。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bilinguals”probablymeaninparagraph3?A．Anactiveforeignlanguagelearner.B．Apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguages.C．Aresearcheronforeignlanguagelearning.D．Apersonwhoisgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“whohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffive”可知，bilinguals指的是學(xué)會(huì)第二門語言的人，即會(huì)說兩種語言的人，故選B項(xiàng)。12．Whatcanweknowfromthescientificfindings?A．Theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime.B．Theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasabadeffectonbrain.C．Theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguage，thehigherthegreymatterdensityis.D．Thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewithoutasecondlanguage.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后三句話可知，學(xué)得越遲，灰質(zhì)密度變化就越小，即越早學(xué)習(xí)第二門語言，灰質(zhì)密度就越高。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五LearninganewlanguagelikeEnglishcanbeachallenge，butwithregularstudy，itcanbedone.1HerearesomeguidelinestohelpyouimproveyourEnglish.2Learninganynewlanguageisatime-consumingprocess.Ratherthantryafewhourstoreviewonceortwiceaweek，mostexpertssayshort，regularstudysessionsaremoreeffective.Aslittleas30minutesadaycanhelpyouimproveyourEnglishskillsovertime.Read，watch，andlist