高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)（人教版）教師用書(shū)選修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit3Inventorsandinventions[話題單詞]1．inventv． 發(fā)明2．createv. 創(chuàng)造3．creativeadj. 有創(chuàng)造力的4．patentn. 專(zhuān)利證書(shū)；專(zhuān)利權(quán)5．diligencen. 努力6．favoriteadj. 最喜歡的7．motivatevt. 激勵(lì)8．hobbyn. 愛(ài)好9．a(chǎn)ppetiten. 嗜好10．self－confidencen. 自信11．talentn. 才能12．a(chǎn)vailableadj. 可以利用的13．challengen. 挑戰(zhàn)14．trendn. 趨勢(shì)，傾向v. 傾向，伸向15．consultv. 請(qǐng)教，商量[話題短語(yǔ)]1．makejointefforts做出共同努力2．ingeneral大體，通常，一般而言3．a(chǎn)chievehighefficiency達(dá)到高效4．sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力做某事5．carryout實(shí)施6．thereisnodoubt不容置疑的7．payoff回報(bào)8．makefulluseofthetime充分利用時(shí)間9．a(chǎn)chieveone’sambition實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的抱負(fù)10．keeppacewith跟上……的最新發(fā)展[話題佳句]1．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.需要是發(fā)明之母。2．SoIamdeterminedtomeetthechallenge.因此，我決心迎接挑戰(zhàn)。3．Myidealistobeawell－knownscientist.我的理想是想成為一位著名的科學(xué)家。4．Itwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.在當(dāng)時(shí)那是一項(xiàng)了不起的發(fā)明。5．Hewasfullofinvention—alwaysmakingupnewusefulproducts.他有豐富的創(chuàng)造力——總是能創(chuàng)造出新奇的，有用的產(chǎn)品。[佳作背誦]科技創(chuàng)新大賽假定你是李華，你所在的城市最近舉辦了“科技創(chuàng)新大賽”，你參加了此項(xiàng)比賽并設(shè)計(jì)了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。請(qǐng)用英文寫(xiě)一封郵件，將你的創(chuàng)意與你的英國(guó)朋友Tom分享。要點(diǎn)如下：1．設(shè)計(jì)理由；2．介紹新功能；3．你的感想。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于100；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[佳作欣賞]DearTom，Recentlyapetitionoftechnologicalinnovationhasbeenheldinourcity.EverytimeInoticemyteacherswipingtheirhandwritingawayfromtheblackboardandthentheirhandsbeingdusty，Ihopetoofferthemsomehelp，soIdesignedamagicpenforthem.Theappearanceofmypenisdifferentfromthechalk，butresemblesamonpen.Thenewfunctionsmakeitmoreusefulthanamonpen.Pressingthebutton“T”，whichisspeciallyintendedforteachers，userscanwriteontheblackboardagainandagain，asthehandwritingwillbeclearedupautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Besides，youcanchangethewritingcolorseasily.Fromthetechnologicalinnovation，Ilearnedthataslongaswetaketimetoobserveourlife，wecanfindwaystomakeitbetter.Doyoulikemypen?Yours，LiHua一．高考單詞→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用1．核心詞匯①abruptadj.突然的；意外的abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地②seizevt.抓?。蛔阶?；奪③bearvt.忍受bore(過(guò)去式)borne(過(guò)去分詞)④filen．文件；檔案vt.提交；將……歸檔⑤productn．產(chǎn)品producevt.生產(chǎn)productionn．產(chǎn)量productiveadj.多產(chǎn)的；有創(chuàng)造性的⑥practicaladj.實(shí)際的；實(shí)用的practisevt.練習(xí)practicen．練習(xí)，實(shí)踐⑦convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的conveniencen．方便，便利⑧cautionn．小心，謹(jǐn)慎cautiousadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地⑨expectationn．預(yù)料；期待；期望expectv．預(yù)料；期待；期望；認(rèn)為2．?？荚~匯①distinguishvi.&vt.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別②passiveadj.被動(dòng)的；消極的；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的③associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n．同伴；伙伴associationn．社團(tuán)；協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenient(convenience)withournewandfasternetwork.(2017·江蘇卷)2．Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguish(distinguish)theirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.(2017·江蘇卷)3．Ofcourse，Ialsotooksomepractical(practice)stepstoloseweight.(2017·天津卷)4．Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksare_expected(expect)toarriveanytimenow.(2016·北京卷)5．Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore，anddayafterdayIkeptingupwithsolutions，butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable(bearable)．(2016·天津卷)6．Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductive(product)livesthanthosewhohadnot.(2016·天津卷)7．Heis_associated(associate)closelyinthepublicmindwithhorrormovies.8．Thebuscametoanabrupt(abruptly)stop，makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.?“社會(huì)交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求與命令”①caution小心②attention注意③forbid禁止④remind提醒⑤warn警告⑥beawareof意識(shí)到⑦lookout當(dāng)心⑧takecare小心⑨watchout當(dāng)心；注意⑩claim聲張?mand要求?force強(qiáng)迫?order命令?request請(qǐng)求?“頻度”高頻詞速記①annualadj.每年的②frequentadj.頻繁的；經(jīng)常的③regularadj.定期的；固定的；習(xí)慣性的；經(jīng)常的④occasionaladj.偶爾；間或⑤rareadj.罕有；很少⑥usuallyadv.常常⑦alwaysadv.總是⑧oftenadv.經(jīng)常?“學(xué)習(xí)”相關(guān)詞匯一覽①assignmentn．任務(wù)；作業(yè)②effortn．努力③instructionn．教育；指導(dǎo)；傳授④progressn．進(jìn)步；前進(jìn)⑤referencen．參考；參照⑥r(nóng)evisionn．復(fù)習(xí)；溫習(xí)?“演講；報(bào)道”相關(guān)詞匯一覽①lecturen．演講；講座②speechn．報(bào)告；演說(shuō)③reportn．報(bào)告；報(bào)道④addressvt.演講；致辭⑤deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講⑥makeaspeech發(fā)表演講二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記·思考·運(yùn)用1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞(副詞)①callup給……打；使想起②setabout開(kāi)始；著手③diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入④setout(todo)開(kāi)始(做)⑤hangon不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握?、辡etthrough設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過(guò)；度過(guò)⑦ringback回復(fù)⑧ringoff掛斷2．其他形式①nowandthen偶爾；有時(shí)②outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Havinggonethroughthelongprocess，nowI’vegottoapointinmylifewhereIknowIamsmartenoughtodive_intoanareathatistotallyunknown，hard，butinteresting.(2016·天津卷)2．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnow_and_then，eventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.(2016·北京卷)3．Don’tyouthinkthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereout_of_order？Youhadbettersortthemout.4．Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoringhimback.5．ThephotosonyourWechatcall_upthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago.6．Havingmadeuphismind，F(xiàn)lankset_aboutcarryingouttheplanimmediately.?“outof＋名詞”短語(yǔ)集匯①outofbreath上氣不接下氣②outofbalance失去平衡③outofstock脫銷(xiāo)④outofdate過(guò)時(shí)⑤outofpatience不耐煩⑥outofcontrol失去控制⑦outofstyle過(guò)時(shí)，不時(shí)髦⑧outofwork失業(yè)?表示“開(kāi)始/著手做某事”的短語(yǔ)精選①getdowntodoingsth②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth.④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.?打相關(guān)短語(yǔ)大全①eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringsb.up,callsb.(up),phone/telephonessb.,givesb.acall/aring,/aphonecall))打給某人②call/ringback回③eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringoff/hangup掛斷,holdon別掛斷))?rather相關(guān)短語(yǔ)一覽①orrather更確切地說(shuō)②wouldrather寧愿③ratherthan而不是④otherthan除了三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫(xiě)1.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(評(píng)定)專(zhuān)利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很?chē)?yán)格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。他的發(fā)明如此實(shí)用以至于很快就獲得了專(zhuān)利。Hisinventionwasso_practical_thathesoongotapatent.2.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺(jué)中你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著你的頭腦。本句為“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)給你一個(gè)驚喜。Give_me_a_chance，andI’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.distinguishvi.&vt.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別(1)distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish...from...使……有別于……，使……具有區(qū)別于……的特征distinguishoneself(as...)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名(3)distinguishableadj.易分辨的，能區(qū)分的①(教材原句)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不會(huì)傷害到它們。②Itishardtodistinguishhimfromhistwinbrother.很難辨認(rèn)出他和他的孿生兄弟。③AsfarasIknow，shehasalreadydistinguished(distinguish)herselfasanathlete.據(jù)我所知，作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員她已享有盛名。bearvt.忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育(1)beartodo/doingsth.忍受做某事bearsb.todosth.容忍某人做某事(2)can’tbear/stand/toleratesb/sb’sdoing/todosth.不能忍受做某事(3)bearaheavyburden肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān)bearresponsibility/theblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備bear/keep...inmind記?、?教材原句)Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.我忍受不了架子上烤香腸的味道。②(2016·浙江卷)However，aplancan_bear(bear)nofruitwithoutbeingactuallycarriedout.然而，一項(xiàng)不實(shí)施的計(jì)劃是沒(méi)有結(jié)果的。(1)bear作為動(dòng)詞，作“生產(chǎn)，生育”講時(shí)，有兩種過(guò)去分詞形式：borne指“生育，生產(chǎn)”，而born指“出生”。如后跟bysb.時(shí)，仍用borne這個(gè)形式。(2)bear作“忍受”講時(shí)，后可跟v.－ing或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且多與can，could連用。③Shecouldn’tbearhisvisiting(visit)hertogetherwithabigwhitebear.Worsestill，thebearbore(bear)ababybearbeforelong.她不能忍受他和一頭大白熊一起來(lái)拜訪她。更糟糕的是，那頭熊不久生下了一頭小熊。associatevt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n.同伴；伙伴(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把……和,……聯(lián)系在一起；由……聯(lián)想到……,beassociatedwith...和……有關(guān),associatewithsb.與某人交往或常打交道))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(associationn.聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會(huì)；團(tuán)體,inassociationwith...與……合伙/合作))①(教材原句)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody’slife.雖然人們常把他與的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。②(2016·上海卷)Thissayingis_associated(associate)withtheGerman－bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)與出生于德國(guó)的建筑師MiesvanderRohe有關(guān)系。③Thefirststeptomakingfriendsis_associating(associate)withotherpeople.交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人聯(lián)系。callup給……打；使……回憶起(1)callfor需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接(某人)callon要求；請(qǐng)求；拜訪某人callat(火車(chē)等)?？?；拜訪某地calloff取消callout大聲說(shuō)；召喚某人callin請(qǐng)來(lái)，召來(lái)；收回callback召回(2)與打相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：打：givesb.aring/call；callup回：ringback掛斷：ringoff；hangup別掛斷：hang/holdon①(教材原句)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打的時(shí)候，她感到很心煩。②TheMinistryofEducationcallsonstudentsto_exercise(exercise)foranhoureveryday.教育部呼吁學(xué)生每天鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)。③Thepicturecalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.這張照片喚起了她童年的記憶。setabout(doingsth.)開(kāi)始，著手(干某事)setout(todo)出發(fā)；企圖；打算(做)setdown讓……下車(chē)；記下，寫(xiě)下setoff使爆炸；引起；使(某人)開(kāi)始(做某事)setup樹(shù)立(榜樣)；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立；造成；產(chǎn)生setsth.aside將……放在一起；撥出(錢(qián)、時(shí)間)；不理會(huì)setofffor＝setoutfor＝leavefor出發(fā)(到某地去)①(教材原句)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡(jiǎn)易的方法。②Thedriversetherdownatthestation.司機(jī)在車(chē)站停下車(chē)讓她下去。setout表示“開(kāi)始做某事”，后多跟動(dòng)詞不定式；setabout表示“開(kāi)始(著手)做某事”，多跟doing結(jié)構(gòu)；setoff表示“啟程，開(kāi)始”，多指踏上征程，常和on，for等搭配。③Theyoungworkerssetabouttheirwo