2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld單元檢測(cè)含解析譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

PAGEPAGE15單元綜合檢測(cè)(四)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分；滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheadvancementofhumancivilizationispossiblejustbecauseofenormouscontributionmadebyscientists.Theyareoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleoftoday'sworld.Withpracticaladvantagesinengineering，medicineandtechnology，theyhavehelpedustogrowbetterunderstandingabouttheworldanddifferentworkingphenomenonthatgovernsus.Theirnamesarerememberedinthesandsoftimefortheirworkinthewelfareofmankindwithdifferentinventionsthathasmadeourmodernliveseasy.Hereisalistofthefourgreatscientistswe'veeverseenwhochangedtheworld.LouisPasteur(1822－1895)Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies，anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.Healsoinventedtheprocessofpasteurization(加熱殺菌法)tomakemilksafertodrink.Heprobablysavedmorelivesthananyotherperson.OttoHahn(1879－1968)HahnwasaGermanchemistwhodiscoverednuclearfission(裂變)in1939.Hewasapioneeringscientistinthefieldofradio-chemistry，anddiscoveredradioactiveelementsin1921.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1944.NikolaTesla(1856－1943)Teslaworkedonelectro-magnetismandACcurrent.Heobtainedaround300patentsworldwideforhisinventionsfromelectricitytoradiotransmission，butmanyinventionsdevelopedbyTeslawerenotputintopatentprotection.Heplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofmodernelectricity.JamesClerkMaxwell(1831－1879)Maxwellmadegreatprogressinunderstandingelectro-magnetism.Hisresearchinelectricityandkineticslaidthefoundationforquantum(量子)physics.EinsteinsaidofMaxwell，“TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了四位偉人，四個(gè)人都為社會(huì)變革做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。1．WhatcontributiondidLouisPasteurmaketosociety?A．Thedevelopmentofmedicine.B．Radio-chemistry.C．Modernelectricity.D．Quantumphysics.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies，anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.”可知，LouisPasteur促進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展。所以A選項(xiàng)是正確的。]2．WhowasthoughthighlyofbyEinstein?A．LouisPasteur.B．OttoHahn.C．NikolaTesla.D．JamesClerkMaxwell.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“EinsteinsaidofMaxwell，‘TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.’”可知，愛(ài)因斯坦對(duì)JamesClerkMaxwell的評(píng)價(jià)很高。所以D選項(xiàng)是正確的。]3．Whatcanweinferaboutthefourpeople?A．Theyaremedicalpioneers.B．TheyareNobelPrizewinners.C．Theyaregreatcontributorstosociety.D．Theyarefoundersofmodernphysics.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，他們四個(gè)人都是社會(huì)的重要貢獻(xiàn)者，為社會(huì)變革做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。所以C選項(xiàng)是正確的。]BMadameCurie，theyoungestofthefivechildren，wasborninWarsaw，Polandin1867.MarieCurie'smaidennamewasManya.Herparentswereteachers，andshelearnedtheimportanceofeducationataveryearlyage.NohighereducationwasofferedtowomeninPolandatthattime，soManyatookajobasatutor.ShesentpartofherincometoParistohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies.Hersisterqualifiedasadoctorandmarriedafellowdoctorin1891.ManyawenttojoinedtheminParis，changinghernametoMarie.SheenteredtheSorbonne(nowtheUniversityofParis)andstudiedphysicsandmathematics，graduatingatthetopofherclass.Fortheresearchshewantedtodo，shewasintroducedtoanotheryoungscientist，PierreCurie.Later，theyfellinlovewitheachother.AftershewasrewardedtheNobelPrize，fametroubledMarieCurieandalsoherhusband，becausesciencewastheirworldandinthisworldofscience，fameandhonortopersonshadnovalue.OnedaywhenawriterforanewspapertriedtoaskMarieaboutherself，herthoughtsandherbeliefs，sheansweredhim，“Insciencewemustbeinterestedinthings，notinpersons.”Muchoftherealcharacterandspiritofthisunusualwomanwasfoundinthesefewwords，whichshewaslateroftentorepeat.Oneevening，atabigparty，afriendaskedifshewouldliketomeettheKingofGreece，whowasalsoaguest.Sheansweredinhersimplemanner，“Idon'tseethevalueofit.”Then，seeingthatshehurtthefeelingofherfriend，shequicklyadded，“But...but...ofcourse，Ishalldowhateveryouplease.Justasyouplease.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。居里夫人是一位宏大的科學(xué)家。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了她成為科學(xué)家前后的生活。從她的言辭中可以看出她淡泊名利的特性和人品。4．WhatdidMarieCurieoncedotohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies?A．Shewasateacher. B．Shewasadoctor.C．Shewasatutor. D．Shewasawaitress.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾經(jīng)做過(guò)家庭老師，并用自己的部分收入資助姐姐上學(xué)。]5．WhatwasvaluabletoMarieCurie?A．Scienceandresearch. B．Fameandhonor.C．Characterandspirits. D．Personsandthings.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科學(xué)和探討，名利對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有任何價(jià)值。]6．Thewriterforanewspaperwasinterestedin________．A．things B．MarieCurieC．Marie'shusband D．personsD[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段其次句可知，給報(bào)社寫(xiě)稿的人試圖向居里夫人了解有關(guān)她的狀況，故可推知，這個(gè)人關(guān)注的是“人”。]7．WhatdoyouthinkmighthavehappenedbetweenMarieCurieandtheKingofGreece?A．TheKingwasangrywithMarieCurie.B．ForthesakeofherfriendMarieCuriemettheKingofGreece.C．TheKingofGreecewrotealettertoinviteMarieCurietomeethim.D．MarieCurieheldanotherpartyfortheKing.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終兩句可推知，居里夫人不忍心損害摯友的感情，她會(huì)聽(tīng)從摯友，去見(jiàn)希臘國(guó)王。]CWhatarethebiggestproblemsthatsocietywillhavetodealwithinthenewage？TherearediseaseslikeAIDSandcancer.There'sclimatechange，ofcourse.Andwhataboutproducingenoughcheapfoodandenergyfortheworld'sgrowingpopulation？Who'sgoingtosolvealltheseterribleproblems？Yes，politiciansandworldleaderswillhaveabigparttoplay.Yes，businesseswillneedtocreatetheeconomicwealthtopayforsomeofthesethings.Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.Ifyoulikethinkingabouttheworldaroundyou，whynotbecomeascientist？Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine！Scientistsdoallkindsofamazingthingsthatareactuallyinteresting!Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.Forensic(法醫(yī)的)scientistsworkwiththepolicetofindquitesmallcluestocatchcriminals.Scientistsworkinschoolsandcollegesastheteachersandprofessorswhowilltraintomorrow'sscientists.Don'tthinkascientistisfaraway！Maybeyoulikecooking？Youcouldbeafoodtechnologisthelpingtokeepfruitandvegetablesfresherforlonger.Perhapssportisyourthing？Doyouknowthatmosttopathletesworkwithsportsscientistsinordertoimprovetheirperformance？Youcouldevenbethesciencewriterwhogetstospendthelifestudyingthelatestadvancesandsharingthemwiththeworld.Lookingforsomethingtodofortherestofyourlife？Myadvice？Takealongandhardlookatscience.Itisinterestingandever.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文提出在新時(shí)代社會(huì)必需解決的最大問(wèn)題，科學(xué)家在解決這些問(wèn)題中起著重要作用。其實(shí)每個(gè)人都可以成為某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家。8．Manyproblemsarementionedinthefirstparagraphto________．A．suggesttheyareimpossibletobesolvedB．introducethecausesoftheseproblemsC．showthewriter'sworryaboutthefutureworldD．showscientistsplayanimportantpartinsolvingthemD[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終三句“Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.”可知，第一段中提到的很多問(wèn)題是為了說(shuō)明科學(xué)家在解決這些問(wèn)題中起著重要作用。故選D。]9．Whatisneededtosolvetheseproblems?A．Advancedweapons.B．Enoughenergy.C．Newtechnologies.D．Agrowingpopulation.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知，解決這些問(wèn)題須要新科技。故選C。]10．Mostpeoplethinkthelifeofscientistsis________．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．boringC．colorful D．unrealB[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段其次句“Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine！”可知，多數(shù)人認(rèn)為科學(xué)家的生活是無(wú)聊的。故選B。]11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Owingtomilitarytechnologies，therehasbeennowars.B．Forthoseinterestedincooking，foodtechnologiesmaybeachoice.C．Forensicscientistsplayanimportantpartindealingwithcrimes.D．Mostathletescanachievegreaterachievementwiththehelpofsportsscientists.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知，A項(xiàng)(Owingtomilitarytechnologies，therehasbeennowars.由于軍事技術(shù)，沒(méi)有發(fā)生斗爭(zhēng)。)是錯(cuò)誤的，故選A。]DEvercalledamovietheatretofindoutshowtime？Orcalledacustomerservicecentreforhelp？Chancesareyoudidn'tspeaktoahumanbeing.YouprobablygavecommandstoanAutomatedSpeechRecognition(ASR)system.Thesetypesofsystemsareefficientmoney-savingtoolsthatallowcompaniestoaddressmanycustomerconcernswithminimumhumanintervention.Thetechnologyforsuchasystemhasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Onesignificantrecentachievementisthelaunchingofvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.Themostwell-knownoftheseisApple'siPhoneVPA，Siri.IfyoutellSirithatyouwanttoschedulelunchwithafriend，“she”cansettheappointmentonyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”withasenseofhumor.However，itcanonlybesetoffwhenthehumanuserspeakscertainkeyphrasesorwords.Whilethepotentialforcommunicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting，thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople'sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon'tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven'tbeenpracticingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans，suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy.Whenpeopleusecertainspeechrecognitionapplications，theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections，yourspeechisoftensentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitalinformationmayleadtodatamining，orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow，however，thecontinuingevolutionofASRsoftwareisthrillingtobehold.Askingforandacquiringinformationfromanautomatedsourcehasneverbeeneasier.Leadingcompaniesinthespeechrecognitionworldwillmakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible—inotherwords，justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章在開(kāi)頭提到了ASR(AutomatedSpeechRecognition)自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的概念，進(jìn)而在下文的論述中提到了該技術(shù)在運(yùn)用中存在的問(wèn)題和將來(lái)的前景。12．WhatcanwesayaboutApple'sSiri?A．It'sahelpfulVPA.B．Itfirstappearedinthe1950s.C．It'sthemostadvancedASRsystem.D．Ithasthesamesenseofhumorashumans.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Apple'sSiri定位到文章其次段第三句“Themostwell-knownoftheseisApple'siPhoneVPA，Siri.”其中最聞名的是蘋(píng)果虛擬助理Siri，依據(jù)下一句“IfyoutellSirithatyouwanttoschedulelunchwithafriend，‘she’cansettheappointmentonyourphoneinseconds.(假如你告知Siri你想和摯友一起吃午飯，她可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)在你手機(jī)上設(shè)置約會(huì)時(shí)間。)”可得出，Siri對(duì)手機(jī)運(yùn)用者的幫助意義。選項(xiàng)A“這是一個(gè)很有用的VPA”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。]13．WhatareParagraphs3and4mainlyabout?A．ThebroaddefinitionofASR.B．PotentialproblemswithASR.C．ThefastdevelopmentofASR.D．MovementsagainstusingASR.B[段落大意題。第三段首句為本段的主題句“Whilethepotentialforcommunicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting，thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.(雖然人類(lèi)和機(jī)器之間的溝通的可能性看起來(lái)令人興奮，但這種可能性使一些人擔(dān)憂(yōu)。)”本段接下來(lái)講的就是一些人機(jī)溝通出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題；第四段第一句“Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy.(另一個(gè)擔(dān)憂(yōu)的問(wèn)題是與新技術(shù)發(fā)展相關(guān)的對(duì)隱私的侵?jǐn)_。)”可知，第四段同樣說(shuō)明的是人機(jī)相互溝通之間的問(wèn)題。所以?xún)啥慰梢宰鳛橥粋€(gè)話(huà)題來(lái)講解并描述，即講解并描述人機(jī)相互溝通之間的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B“ASR的潛在問(wèn)題”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。]14．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofASR?A．Worried. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Indifferent.C[觀(guān)點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“Fornow，however，thecontinuingevolutionofASRsoftwareisthrillingtobehold.(然而，眼下ASR的軟件的持續(xù)進(jìn)化令人興奮。)”可以看出，盡管上文提到了ASR的運(yùn)用中存在的問(wèn)題，但其將來(lái)的發(fā)展是光明的。由此可知，作者對(duì)ASR的將來(lái)充溢希望，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。]15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TalkingtoTechnologyB．TheApplicationofSiriC．TheArtofConversationD．VPAsonMobilePhonesA[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章在開(kāi)頭提到了ASR(AutomatedSpeechRecognition)自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的概念，進(jìn)而在下文的論述中提到了該技術(shù)在運(yùn)用中存在的問(wèn)題和將來(lái)的前景。選項(xiàng)A“和技術(shù)對(duì)話(huà)”充分說(shuō)明白文章的重點(diǎn)，適合作文章題目。故選A項(xiàng)。]其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Scientistsoftenseethefirsttenyearsofachild'slifeasthe“windowofopportunity”．16．Andstudiesshowthatthefollowingactivitiescanbegoodfortheirbraingreatly.17Freeplaytimehasalwaysbeenanimportantpartof“beingakid”，butitisalsoimportanttoachild'sdevelopment.“Freeplay”notonlyhelpskidsdevelopdifferentskills，butalsohelpsthemdevelopintohappyhealthyadultsinthefuture.ReadwithkidsReadinghaslongbeenknowntoimprovechildren'sintelligence.18．Forparentswhodon'thavemuchtime，justkeepingyourkidsaroundbooksgoesalongwaytoo.Putkidstobedearly19．Preschoolchildrenshouldgetatleast11hoursofsleepandkidsuptoage12shouldtrytogetatleast10hoursofsleep.LearnasecondlanguageEarlystudiesinthisfieldhaveshownthatbilingual(會(huì)說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的)kidscanperformbetterunderpressure.Youngchildrencanlearnnewlanguageswithnearlyperfectfluencyandpronunciation.PraisegoodeffortnotintelligenceYourkidsmaybesmartbutyoushouldmainlypraisetheefforttheyputintotasks.Kids，whoarepraisedonintelligence，oftenfeelitisafixedquality，andmistakesorfailuresbadlyhurttheirself-confidence.Kidswhoarepraisedoneffortoftenfocusmoreonlearning.20．A．PlaysomehelpfulgamesB．GivekidsenoughplaytimeC．AndtheyarenotafraidtofailandtryagainD．KidsstillneedtimeawayfromtheTVtodohomeworkE．KidswhoreadoftendevelopearlierwritingandnumberskillsaswellF．Everythingatthistimeisveryimportanttothedevelopmentofaperson'sbrainG．Studiesshowthatkidswithregularbedtimesarebetteratlanguages，mathandreading【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明白人生的前十年被看作是“機(jī)會(huì)之窗”，在這個(gè)時(shí)期，每件事情都對(duì)孩子的大腦發(fā)育起重要作用。文章列舉了幾條有利于孩子的大腦健康發(fā)展的建議。16．F[依據(jù)上句可知，科學(xué)家們常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“機(jī)會(huì)之窗”，這說(shuō)明人生的前十年很重要，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這個(gè)時(shí)期的每一件事情對(duì)人腦的發(fā)育都很重要”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。]17．B[依據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，尤其是“Freeplaytimehasalwaysbeenanimportantpartof‘beingakid’”可知，自由玩耍的時(shí)間對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)特殊重要。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本段的小標(biāo)題。故選B。]18．E[依據(jù)上句可知，人們很早就知道閱讀有助于提高孩子的智商。E項(xiàng)“常常閱讀的孩子也會(huì)發(fā)展早期的寫(xiě)作和數(shù)字技能”說(shuō)明閱讀對(duì)孩子有主動(dòng)的影響。故選E。]19．G[依據(jù)下句可知，學(xué)齡前兒童每天應(yīng)當(dāng)有至少11個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠，12歲的孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量有至少10個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。G項(xiàng)“探討顯示睡眠時(shí)間有規(guī)律的孩子在語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)和閱讀方面發(fā)展得更好”與下句共同說(shuō)明睡眠的重要性。故選G。]20．C[空前提到被表?yè)P(yáng)努力的孩子常常會(huì)把更多的精力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上，C項(xiàng)“而且他們不膽怯 失敗，不膽怯 再次嘗試”與本段中“被表?yè)P(yáng)聰慧的孩子會(huì)因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤或失敗而使自信念受到打擊”形成對(duì)比，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。]其次部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhatdoyouthinkofBillGates？Youmightthinkofhimasahard-working21ofMicrosoftoratechnologicalgenius，butonethingyoumightnotknowabouthimisthathe'soneoftheworld's22menwholeftMicrosofttodonatebillionsofdollarsand23theworldbycreatingnewinventions.In2014BillGates'wife，MelindaGates，24BilltoquitMicrosoftandworkwithhertohelpwhatBillGates25theBottomTwoBillion.TheBottomTwoBillionconsistsofathirdoftheworld'spopulationthatlivewithlessthan2USdollarsaday.Thesepeople26liveinareaswhereelectricityisrareanddiseaseisfarandwide.Oneofthe27todiseasesarevaccines(疫苗)，whichhelpthebodygetoverthedisease.Aproblemappearswithvaccinesbecausetheyneedtobekept28toremainfunctional.Whenelectricityisrare，it'softenveryhardtokeeprefrigerators29．OnewayGateshasproposedissomethinghecallsthe“SuperThermos”．It'sastrongheat-resistantthermosmadefromthesamematerialspaceshipsusetomeetthe30．Thisthermoscankeepvaccinescoldfor50days.AnotherproblemfortheBottomTwoBillionis31．Fromthe1960sto1980s，therewasanagriculturalrevolution，whichhas32alotofnewwaystoproducecropsfaster.Thismeantthattheworldthoughtthefood33probleminAfricawasgonebutthiswashardlythecase.ThewayGatesplanstosolvethisproblemistotalktoeachfarmeronebyone，discusstheirunique34，andgivethefarmersheartierseedsthatgrowbetteronthe35soilinthatarea.Doingthiswillhelpthefarmersgrowcropsfasterandbetter.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我們熟知的世界首富比爾·蓋茨并不僅僅是一個(gè)金錢(qián)持有者，他還為世界慈善事業(yè)做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，為世界上須要幫助的人帶來(lái)了希望。21．A．officer B．officialC．millionaire D．founderD[依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，比爾·蓋茨是微軟公司的創(chuàng)始人，所以此處用founder。]22．A．richest B．busiestC．kindest D．hardestA[結(jié)合生活常識(shí)和空后的內(nèi)容可知，比爾·蓋茨是世上“最富的”人之一，他離開(kāi)了微軟公司，去做慈善。]23．A．watching B．helpingC．missing D．visitingB[依據(jù)后文內(nèi)容，尤其是后文中的“helpthebodygetoverthedisease”及文章最終一句“Doingthiswillhelpthefarmersgrowcropsfasterandbetter.”可知，比爾·蓋茨是通過(guò)創(chuàng)建新的獨(dú)創(chuàng)而“幫助”世界的。]24．A．permitted B．forcedC．persuaded D．requiredC[依據(jù)空后的“quitMicrosoftandworkwithher”和下文中的行動(dòng)可推知，比爾·蓋茨的妻子勸服(persuade)了他與自己一起做慈善。]25．A．sells B．plansC．designs D．callsD[依據(jù)下文介紹的theBottomTwoBillion的意思可知，此處指被比爾·蓋茨稱(chēng)作BottomTwoBillion的事物，故用call。]26．A．probably B．originallyC．recently D．mainlyD[聯(lián)系上下文的意思可知，此處指這些人主要居住在電力稀缺、疾病流行的地方。故選D項(xiàng)。]27．A．medicines B．effortsC．solutions D．secretsC[依據(jù)下文中的“helpthebodygetoverthedisease”可推知，這里指的是解決疾病的方法。故選C。]28．A．cold B．coversC．safe D．warmA[依據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“refrigerators”和本段最終一句中的“keepvaccinescoldfor50days”可推知，疫苗必需在低溫下保存。故選A項(xiàng)。]29．A．racing B．flyingC．running D．restingC[依據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)電力稀缺時(shí)，冰箱很難正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。]30．A．requirements B．satisfactionsC．opportunities D．deadlinesA[依據(jù)疫苗的保存要求可知，“超級(jí)保溫瓶”選用特殊材料制造是為了滿(mǎn)意疫苗的保存要求。故選A項(xiàng)。]31．A．science B．educationC．industry D．a(chǎn)gricultureD[依據(jù)下文介紹的農(nóng)業(yè)方面的變革可知，此處指另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)的。]32．A．delayed B．introducedC．imagined D．recordedB[依據(jù)空后的“alotofnewwaystoproducecropsfaster”可知，這里指農(nóng)業(yè)方面的變革引進(jìn)(introduce)了很多快速生產(chǎn)糧食的新方法。]33．A．supply B．healthC．quality D．cleannessA[依據(jù)上一句可推知，農(nóng)業(yè)變革引進(jìn)了新的增產(chǎn)糧食的方法，這樣能提高糧食產(chǎn)量。這樣全世界都認(rèn)為非洲的糧食“供應(yīng)”問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。]34．A．dreams B．drugsC．crops D．needsD[依據(jù)上下文可推知，比爾·蓋茨通過(guò)和每個(gè)農(nóng)夫閑聊了解他們特有的須要，然后賜予幫助。]35．A．rich B．poorC．narrow D．highB[結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，非洲的土地較為貧瘠，所以很難長(zhǎng)出優(yōu)質(zhì)的莊稼。這里用poor形容土地貧瘠。]其次節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式。StephenHawking，whotried36.________(explain)someofthemostcomplicatedquestionsoflifewhilehimselfworkingundertheshadowofapoorphysicalcondition，hasdiedattheageof76.Hedied37.________(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesday.TheUK'sPressAssociationreportedhis38.________(die)，citing(引用)aspokesmanforthefamily.“Mr.Hawkingandhiscontribution39.________(remember)forever，”ForeignMinistryspokesmanLuKangsaidonWednesday.“Hewasanoutstandingscientistandafighterwhostruggledagainstthediseaseandcontributedgreatly40.________mankind'sunderstandingofscience”．BorninOxford，Englandon8January，1942，theBritishtheoreticalphysicist41.________(know)forhisgroundbreakingworkwithblackholesandrelativity，andwastheauthorofseveralpopularsciencebooks，42.________(include)ABriefHistoryofTime.His43.________(child)，Lucy，RobertandTim，said：“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistand44.________extraordinaryman，45.________workandlegacy(遺產(chǎn))willliveonformanyyears.”Theypraisedhiscourageandpersistenceandsaidhistalentandhumorinspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為人物傳記。主要對(duì)宏大的物理學(xué)家霍金進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)潔的介紹。36．toexplain[考查固定搭配。trytodosth.為固定搭配，意為“盡力做某事，試圖做某事”。故填toexplain。]37．peacefully[考查副詞。句意：星期三凌晨他在劍橋的家里安靜地死去。此處在句中修飾動(dòng)詞died，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，故填peacefully。]38．death[考查名詞。句意：英國(guó)新聞協(xié)會(huì)報(bào)道了他的死亡……分析本句可知，動(dòng)詞die前有形容詞his修飾，可知要用其名詞形式death，故填death。]39．willberemembered[考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：霍金先生和他所作出的貢獻(xiàn)將被恒久牢記?？崭裉帒?yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填willberemembered。]40．to[考查固定搭配。句意：他是一位杰出的科學(xué)家和戰(zhàn)士，他奮力抗擊疾病，極大地促進(jìn)了人類(lèi)對(duì)科學(xué)的相識(shí)。contributeto為固定搭配，意為“促進(jìn)，有助于”，故填to。]41．wasknown[考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。beknownfor...為固定搭配，意為“以……出名”。依據(jù)文章可知，霍金已經(jīng)去世，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填wasknown。]42．including[考查介詞。句意：他還是幾本科普讀物的作者，包括《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》。分析本句可知，幾本書(shū)“包括(including)”《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》。故填including。]43．children[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析本句可知，他有三個(gè)孩子，故填child的復(fù)數(shù)形式children。]44．a(chǎn)n[考查冠詞。句意：他是一位宏大的科學(xué)家，他是一位了不得的人。分析句子可知，extraordinary是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，故填an。]45．whose[考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析本句可知anextraordinaryman是先行詞，空處在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾workandlegacy，故填whose。]第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分15分)假如你是紅星中學(xué)高一(1)班的李華，你?！队⒄Z(yǔ)報(bào)刊》人物專(zhuān)欄征稿。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)介紹一位你仰慕的人物。內(nèi)容包括以下三個(gè)部分：1．對(duì)該人物的簡(jiǎn)潔介紹；2．仰慕該人物的理由；3．從該人物身上得到的啟示。留意：詞數(shù)80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】ThomasEdison，wasagreatscientistandinventorIadmireverymuch.Iadmirehimbecauseofhiscontributionstotheworld.Inhislife，hewasalwaystryingoutnewideasandhadmorethan1，000inventions，manyofwhichstillhaveagreatinfluenceonourlifetoday.Hewasalsoverydiligentandbelievedthatgeniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.Alltheseexplainedwhyhehadsomanygreatinventionsandwhathedidinspiresmetobecreativeinmywork.其次節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分25分)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ItwasawarmandsunnymorningattheCentralParkZoo.Maryandherclassmateswerebuzzingwithexcitementastheirschoolbusenteredthezooparkinglot.Today，Mary'sclasswasgoingonafieldtriptothezootolearnmoreabouttheanimalsandtheirnaturalhabitats.“Beforeyouleavethebus，pleasemakesureyouhaveyourbuddy！”MrsBrownannounced.Tomakesurenoonegotlostinthezoo，eachstudenthadabuddy(companion/friend)．Mary'sbuddywasnamedJohn.Johnlovesanimalsandlikestogotothezoo.Butsometimes，Johndoesnotfollowtherulesandgetsintrouble.Maryhopedthattoday，Johnwouldfollowtherulessotheywouldnotgetintrouble.Whentherestofthestudentsgotoffthebus，MaryandJohnquicklyranofftoexplore.Theyfoundtheexhibitsformanydifferentkindsofanimalsandlearnedalotabouttheirnaturalhabitats.Theysawtheelephantsplayingandtheysawgiraffeseating.Theysawthepolarbearssleepingandthemonkeysleaping.MaryaskedJohn，“John，whatisyourfavoriteanimal？”“Ithink