高中英語北師大版選擇性必修三UNIT 9 Period 2　Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone-Reading Comprehension

Cloning：WhereIsItLeadingUs?Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidentical1insexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.Cloninghastwomajoruses.Firstly，gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercial2quantitiesofplants.Secondly，itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisstraightforward3whilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated4.Itisadifficulttasktoundertake5.Manyattemptstoclonemammalsfailed.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough6—thecloningofDollythesheep.Theprocedure7workslikethis：...Ontheonehand，thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone，Dollythesheep.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears，halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Sadlythesamearbitraryfateaffectedotherspecies，suchasclonedmice.Thequestionsthatconcernedallscientistswere：“Wouldthisbeamajordifficultyforallclonedanimals？Wouldithappenforever？Coulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearchprocedure？”O(jiān)ntheotherhand，Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemedia8andpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybody’seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.(節(jié)選自人教版老教材選修8Unit2)詞匯積累1.identical/a?'dent?kl/adj.同一的；一模一樣的2．commercial/k?'m???l/adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的3．straightforward/?stre?t'f??w?d/adj.簡單的；直接的；坦率的4．complicated/'k?mpl?ke?t?d/adj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的5．undertake/??nd?'te?k/v．(undertook；undertaken)著手；從事，承擔(dān)6．breakthrough/'bre?kθru?/n．突破7．procedure/pr?'si?d??/n．程序；步驟；手續(xù)8．themedia大眾傳播媒體(如電視、報紙等)Period2Lesson1ToCloneorNottoClone?—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．marathon A．conclude；reachanopinion(fromfactsorreasons)2．justify B．a(chǎn)footraceof26miles385yards3．infer C．bringsomethingnewtoanenvironment4．innovate D．toshowthatsb/sthisrightorreasonable5．identical E．ofextremeimportance6．a(chǎn)ccurate F．thesame7．crucial G．correctandtrueineverydetail;exactlycorrect8．a(chǎn)buse H．improperorexcessiveuse答案1.B2.D3.A4.C5.F6.G7.E8.HⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(beamazedat，becapableof，onone’sown，leadto，beviewedas)1．Thepoetiscapableofexpressinghislovefornatureinanimpressiveway.2．Lazinessoftenleadstofailurewhilediligenceusuallycontributestosuccess.3．Thisisthefirsttimethatthejournalisthasinterviewedapersononhisown.4．Theseamenwereamazedattheuniquesceneryofthebay.5．Sherlockholmes，thoughhedoesn’texistinreality，isoftenviewedasabrilliantdetective.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtomakeartificialcloning.B．Cloningwillcausemanyproblems.C．Whethercloningshouldbecontinued.D．Thefirstcloningofprimateswascreated.答案CⅡ.悉層次結(jié)構(gòu)Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1 A．Somesuccessfulmammalsandproblemswiththem.Para.2 B．Moralconcernsaboutcloning.Para.3 C．Thedefinitionofcloning.Para.4 D．Thewriter’sattitudetocloning.Para.5 E．Potentialbenefitsofcloning.Para.6 F．Thefirst-clonedprimates.答案Para.1CPara.2APara.3FPara.4EPara.5BPara.6DStep2細讀——逐段獲取細節(jié)Ⅰ.ReadPara.1carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatisTRUEaboutcloningaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Cloningisakindofnewtechnology.B．Naturalcloningonlyhappensonplants.C．Twinsareexamplesofartificialcloning.D．Therearetwokindsofcloning.答案D2．Whatexamplesofnaturalcloningaregiven?答案Oneexampleofnaturalcloningistakingacuttingfromaplantandputtingitinsoil，andanotherisidenticaltwins.Ⅱ.ReadPara.2carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatcanweknowaboutDolly?A．Dollydiedearly.B．Dollygrewnormallylater.C．Dollygrewabnormallyatfirst.D．ThecloningofDollywasnaturalcloning.答案A2．Howhasthescienceofcloningdevelopedsincethefirstclonedmammal?答案AfterDolly，scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies，includingcamels，cattle，deer，dogs，goats，andmice.(Scientistshavebeenabletocloneanimalsofotherspecies.)Ⅲ.ReadPara.3carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatisspecialaboutZhongZhongandHuaHua?A．TheywerethefirstsuccessfulclonesbyChineseanimals.B．Theywerethefirstsuccessfulclonedprimates.C．Theyweretakencareofbyscientistsformorethanfiveyears.D．Theywerethefirstmammalsthatweremadeoutofnon-reproductivecells.答案B2．WhatmethodwasusedbyDr.SunQiangtodescribetheireffortsincloningthemonkeys?A．Listingnumbers.B．Analyzingcauses.C．Citingfamoussayings.D．Givingexamples.答案A3．WhydoChinesescientiststrytoclonemonkeys?A．Tosolvetechnicaldifficulties.B．Tohelpfindeffectivetreatments.C．Togeteditedgenesforfurtheruse.D．Tohelpmedicalresearchandpeople’shealth.答案DⅣ.ReadParas.4－5carefullyandfillinthechartbelow.PotentialbenefitsMoralconcerns?1.Curesfordiseases?Preventing2.aging?Saving3.researchtime?Reducingthe4.numberofanimalsbeingtestedon?Producingmore5.accurateresults?Better6.treatments?Clonesarelikelytobetreatedas7.objectsratherthan8.individualswiththeirownidentity.?Theymaybeseenas9.inferior.?Someorganisationsmight10.abusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.Ⅴ.ReadPara.6carefullyanddothefollowingexercise.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardscloning?A．Subjective. B．Objective.C．Indifferent. D．Interested.答案BⅥ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyoufindthisessay?A．Sports. B．Entertainment.C．Science. D．Advertisement.答案C2．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?答案BStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．Whydoresearchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced?(Criticalthinking)答案Researchersinsistonexploringcloningtocontinuemakingprogressincuringdiseasesanddevelopingtreatments.2．Afterreadingthispassage，doyouthinkcloningisagoodidea？Why?(Creativethinking)答案Theanswersmayvary.Step4總結(jié)——課文語法填空Naturalcloninghaslastedforgenerations.1.Anexampleofthisisidenticaltwins.Asheep2.called(call)Dollywasthefirstmammaltobecloned3.successfully(success)in1996.SinceDolly，morethan20mammalspecieshavebeencloned4.including(include)camelsandgoats.In2018，Chinaannouncedthattwomonkeys5.hadbeencloned(clone)．Incomparison6.withotherspecies，scientistshavehadtoworkhardtobreakthetechnicalbarriertogetprimateswitheditedgenes.Scientistssaythatthismajorbreakthrough7.offers(offer)thepotentialtocreatemonkeyswithidenticalgenestogivemoreaccurateresearchresultsandperhapsleadtomore8.effective(effect)treatmentsforvariousdiseases.Whilescientistsinsist9.itiscrucialtocontinueresearch，othersraisemoral10.concerns(concern)andworrythatthetechnologymightbeabusedbysomeorganisations.Step5解讀——長句難句分析1．Shelivedforsixandahalfyears，onlyhalfthelifeofthesheepfromwhichshewascloned.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。onlyhalfthelifeofthesheep...為sixandahalfyears的同位語；fromwhichshewascloned為定語從句，修飾先行詞thesheep。[自主翻譯]多莉活了六年半，壽命只有母體綿羊的一半。2．Thereasontheyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwastogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。主句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：Thereason是主句的主語，系動詞was后togetanimals...是表語。句中theyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrier為省略了關(guān)系副詞why的定語從句，修飾先行詞reason；介詞短語witheditedgene為后置定語，修飾animals；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾animalmodels。[自主翻譯]他們之所以如此努力地要突破這一技術(shù)壁壘，是為了獲得經(jīng)過基因編輯的動物，研制動物模型，為醫(yī)學(xué)研究和人類健康發(fā)展做貢獻。3．Thesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthroughthatmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾ahugebreakthrough，that在從句中作主語；mightleadto和mayalsooffer在從句中作并列謂語；howtopreventtheagingprocess作on的賓語。[自主翻譯]靈長類動物的成功克隆獲得了全世界的贊譽，被認為是一項巨大的突破，可能會導(dǎo)致治愈多種疾病，也可能為如何防止衰老過程提供線索。4．Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement，othersraisemoralconcerns.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。While引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于Though/Although；believe后面為省略了that的賓語從句。[自主翻譯]盡管有些人認為這對于科學(xué)的進步至關(guān)重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。5．Sofar，itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。it為形式主語，whatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHua是主語從句，what在從句中作主語；astheygrowup是時間狀語從句。[自主翻譯]到目前為止，我們?nèi)圆磺宄兄泻腿A華長大后會發(fā)生什么。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAskTheExpertDr.ALEJANDRORIVASStrugglingtoheareachday，evenwhenusingpowerfulhearingaids？Dr.ALEJANDRORIVAS，acochlear(耳蝸)implantsurgeonandmedicaladvisortoCochlear，answersquestionsaboutcochlearimplantsandhowtheyaredifferentfromhearingaids.Nowmorethanever，communicationandconnectionareimportantformaintainingrelationshipswithfamily，friendsandcommunity.Whetherithappenssuddenlyorgraduallyovertime，hearinglosscanaffectyouphysicallyandemotionally.Addressingyourhearinglosshasthepotentialtotransformyourlife.Cochlearimplantsworkdifferentlythanhearingaids.Ratherthanamplifyingsound，theyusestate-of-the-artelectroniccomponentsandsoftwaretohelpprovideaccesstothesoundsyouhavebeenmissing.Q:Howarecochlearimplantsdifferentthanhearingaids?Hearingaidshelpmanypeoplebymakingthesoundstheyhearlouder.Unfortunately，ashearinglossprogresses，soundsmaynotonlyneedtobelouder，theymayneedtobeclearer.Cochlearimplantscanhelpgiveyouthatclarity，especiallyinnoisyenvironments.Q:Arecochlearimplantsaprovensolution?Cochlearhearingimplanttechnologyisveryreliable.Infact，ithasbeenaroundfor40yearsandCochlearhasprovidedmorethan600,000implantablehearingdevices.Q:Isitmajorsurgery?No，notatall.Theprocedureisoftendoneonanoutpatientbasisandtypicallytakesjustacoupleofhours.Q:ArecochlearimplantscoveredbyMedicare?Yes.Medicareandmostprivateinsuranceplansroutinelycovercochlearimplants.Call800-610-4901orvisitwww.Cochlear.us/RdigesttofindaHearingImplantSpecialistnearyouandgetafreeguideaboutcochlearimplants.語篇解讀本文是一篇廣告，以醫(yī)生解答咨詢者問題的方式，介紹了通過耳蝸移植技術(shù)來處理耳聾的問題。1．Whatadvantagedocochlearimplantshaveoverhearingaids?A．Theycanworkthroughsoftware.B．Theyaremorereliable.C．Theycanmakesoundsclearer.D．TheyarecoveredbyMedicare.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個問題的回答中“soundsmaynotonlyneedtobelouder，theymayneedtobeclearer.Cochlearimplantscanhelpgiveyouthatclarity，especiallyinnoisyenvironments.”可知，人工耳蝸優(yōu)于助聽器的地方在于它們可以使聲音更清晰。故選C。2．Whoanswersthequestionsinthisarticle?A．Anoutpatientofthesurgery.B．ACochlearImplantsurgeon.C．Aspecialistofmedicalinsurance.D．AcustomerofCochlearimplant.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)方框里的“Dr.ALEJANDRORIVAS，acochlear(耳蝸)implantsurgeonandmedicaladvisortoCochlear，answersquestionsabout...”可知，回答問題的是一名耳蝸植入外科醫(yī)生，故選B。3．Whereisthisarticleprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Ablog.C．Amagazine. D．Adiary.答案C解析文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了通過耳蝸移植技術(shù)來處理耳聾的問題，是一篇廣告，因此可能來自雜志。故選C。BThelasttimeyouheardaboutcloning，youwereprobablyinscienceclass.Somescientistsarestartingtotakethisprocessfromtheresearchlabtothemarketplace.“WhenpeopleaskmewhatIdo，Ismileandsay‘Well，you’renotgoingtobelievethis，’”MelainRodriguez，aclient(客戶)servicemanagerforViaGenPets，said.ViaGenPetsclonescats，dogsandhorses，turningman’sbestfriendintoabestfriendforever.Atfirst，ViaGenjustclonedlivestock(家畜)forbusinesspurposes.TheyexpandedtoViaGenPetsafterthefarmersstartedaskingiftheycouldgetcopiesoftheirfamilypetstoo.“Unfortunatelyourpets’livesaresoshortcomparedtoours，andIthinkthat’sabigreasonwhypeoplewanttodothis.Theywanttoextend(延長)thatbondwiththeirpets.”Clonedpetsmaysoundlikesomethingoutofasci-finovel，butyoumighthavepassedoneonthestreetwithoutknowingit.Rodriguezsaysthebestwaytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenananimalanditscloneistolookatthemasidentical(相同的)twins.“We’refindingthatthepetshaveverysimilarpersonalitiesandlookverymuchliketheoriginal.Themarkingscanbeslightlydifferent，soit’skindoflikehumantwinsthathavefreckles(雀斑)andtheirfrecklesarenevergoingtobeinthesameplace.”Thecompanyclonesdozensofpetseachyear，andRodriguezbelievestheindustrywillcontinuegrowing.“Petsaremoreandmorepartofthefamily.Iwoulddoanythingformypetsandmostpeoplefeelthesameway.”Ifyouwantacopyofyourfavoritefour-leggedfriend，you’llhavetopaysomeseriouscash.Cloningahorsecosts$85,000，oryoucancloneadogfor$50,000andacatfor$35,000.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了ViaGenPets公司為客戶提供動物克隆服務(wù)。)4．WhatcanbelearnedaboutRodriguez?A．SheworksforViaGenPets.B．Sheisascienceteacher.C．Sheisfedupwithherjob.D．Sheseldomtellsothersaboutherjob.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“MelainRodriguez，aclient(客戶)servicemanagerforViaGenPets”可知，MelainRodriguez是ViaGenPets的一個客戶服務(wù)經(jīng)理，即她為ViaGenPets工作。故選A。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph4referto?A．Keepingapet.B．Doinganimalresearch.C．Havingtheirpetscloned.D．Cloninglivestockforbusinesspurposes.答案C解析代詞指代題。結(jié)合畫線詞this所在句可知，因為寵物的壽命比較短，但人類又想要長時間留寵物在身邊，所以才選擇克隆動物，this指的就是ViaGenPets所做的將動物進行克隆。故選C。6．WhydoesRodriguezmentionhumantwinsthathavefreckles?A．Tosuggestthathumantwinsarealike.B．Tostatethattwinsmayhavedifferentpersonalities.C．Toexplainwhyclonedanimalscanhardlyberecognized.D．Toshowthatananimalanditsclonearenotcompletelyidentical.答案D解析推理判斷題。第五段中Rodriguez說的話提到了人類雙胞胎的雀斑，說明即使是雙胞胎，外表看上去一樣，也會有微小的不同，就像雀斑一樣。作者提到長雀斑的雙胞胎來說明動物和它的克隆體并不完全一樣。故選D。7．WhatdoesRodriguezthinkofthepetcloningindustry?A．Itispromising.B．Itshouldbeimproved.C．Itshouldcutitscosts.D．Ithasreceivedmanydoubts.答案A解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第六段首句“Thecompanyclonesdozensofpetseachyear，andRodriguezbelievestheindustrywillcontinuegrowing.”可知，Rodriguez相信動物克隆產(chǎn)業(yè)將會繼續(xù)發(fā)展，即她覺得這個產(chǎn)業(yè)的前景是充滿希望的。故選A。CAgemaybejustanumber，butit’sanumberthatoftencarriesunwantedsideeffects，fromfragilebonesandweakermusclestoincreasedrisksofheartdiseaseandcancer.Now，scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafelyandeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresettingtheircellstomoreyouthfulstates.Aslivingcreaturesage，itisnotjusttheiroutwardappearancesandhealththatchange；everycellintheirbodiescarriesamolecularclock(分子鐘)thatrecordsthepassageoftime.CellsfromolderpeopleoranimalshavedifferentpatternsofchemicalsalongtheirDNA，calledepigeneticmarkers(表觀遺傳標志物)，comparedtoyoungerpeopleoranimals.Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules—alsoknownas“Yamanakafactors”—tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.Thisapproachishowresearcherscandialbackadultcells，developmentallyspeaking，intostemcells(干細胞)．Inthenewstudy，IzpisuaBelmonte，aprofessorinSalk’sGeneExpressionLaboratory，andhiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsastheyaged.ThefirstgroupofmicereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15monthsolduntil22months，approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroupwastreatedfrom12through22months，approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroupwastreatedforjustonemonthatage25months，similartoage80inhumans.“Whatwereallywantedtoestablishwasthatusingthisapproachforalongertimeissafe，”saysBelmonte.“Indeed，wedidnotseeanynegativeeffectsonthehealth，behaviororbodyweightoftheseanimals.”Comparedtocontrolanimals，therewerenobloodcellchangesinthemicethathadreceivedtheYamanakafactors.Moreover，theteamfoundnocancersinanyofthegroupsofanimals.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學(xué)家們可以通過將中老年老鼠的細胞部分重置到更年輕的狀態(tài)，安全有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)其衰老過程。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reverse”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Maintain. B．Start.C．Change. D．Quicken.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中畫線詞所在句可知，將中老年老鼠的細胞部分重置到更年輕的狀態(tài)可以安全有效地轉(zhuǎn)變它們的衰老過程。因此，此處“reserve”意為“改變”。故選C。9．WhatdoweknowabouttheYamanakafactors?A．Theyconsistoffourreprogrammingmolecules.B．Theycanturnepigeneticmarkersintostemcells.C．Theyhavebeenappliedtolowertheriskofheartdisease.D．TheywerediscoveredbyIzpisuaBelmonteandhiscolleagues.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules—alsoknownas‘Yamanakafactors’．..”可知，山中伸彌因子是由四種重新編程的分子組成的。故選A。10．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thepurposeofthestudy.B．Theprocedureofthestudy.C．Thebackgroundofthestudy.D．Thesignificanceofthestudy.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在這項新研究中，Belmonte教授和同事們進行了三組測試。第一組老鼠從15個月大到22個月大時接受了山中伸彌因子治療，在人類中大約等于50歲到70歲，及第二組，第三組的情況。因此本段講述的是實驗的過程。故選B。11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toreporttheresultofacancerstudy.B．Tointroduceacureforagingdiseases.C．Toinformabreakthroughingeneresearch.D．Toexplaintheprocessofkeepingmiceyoung.答案C解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其第一段末句可知，本文介紹了科學(xué)家們可以通過將中老年老鼠的細胞部分重置到更年輕的狀態(tài)，安全有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)其衰老過程。因此，本文旨在介紹一個在基因研究上的重大突破。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五AIreferstotheabilityofmachinestointerpretdataandactintelligently，meaningtheycanmakedecisionsandcarryouttasksbasedonthedataathand.1Anditwilldramaticallychangeourlivesinveryrealways.HerearefourreasonswhyAIisgoingtochangetheworld.AIiseverywhere.HaveyoueveraskedAlexaforthemorningweatherreport，passedthroughapublicspacethatusesfacialrecognitiontechnology，orboughtaproductrecommendedtoyoubyAmazon?Ofcourseyouhave.2Soobviously，people’severydaylifehasbeenalreadysurroundedbyAI.3TheimpactofAIisalreadybeingfeltinawiderangeofindustries，suchasbanking，farmingandmanufacturing.Inhealthcare，AIisbe