高中英語北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 12 Period 5　Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking-Reading Comprehension

Period5Lesson3StephenHawking—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．emerge A.largeandstrikinginsize，scope，extent...2．clueless B.theforcethatcausesthingstodroptotheground3．evaluation C.tosucceedindealingwithorcontrollingaproblem4．overcome D.acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber，value，quality...5．decline E.notabletounderstandortodosth6．bonus F.tocomeoutfromanenclosedordarkspace7．gravity G.somethingpleasantthatisextraorbetterthanyouwereexpecting8．grand H.asystematicdeterminationofthemerit，worthorsignificance答案1.F2.E3.H4.C5.D6.G7.B8.AⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(anumberof，asortof，inspiteof，puttogether，leadto)1．Inspiteofhisdisappointment，hemanagedaweaksmileandthenshookhandswiththelady.2．Whatmadeusannoyedwasthatanumberofstudentswereabsentfromthemeetingforvariousreasons.3．Urbandevelopmenthasledtotheruinationofvastareasofcountryside.4．Ifeltasortofaweatthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.5．Wealsoputtogetherorangesandapplesaspresentsduringthefestival.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheintroductionofStephenHawkingandhisscientificachievements.B．TheanalysisofStephenHawking’stheory.C．ThedescriptionofStephenHawking’sbooks.D．TheintroductionofStephenHawking’sdisease.答案AⅡ.悉層次結構Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1) A．TheachievementsofHawkingPart2(Para.2) B．Hawking’sattitudetolifePart3(Paras.3－6) C．ThebirthandeducationofHawkingPart4(Paras.7－8) D．ThedeathofHawkingandwhathewasfamousfor答案Part1DPart2CPart3APart4BStep2細讀——逐段獲取細節(jié)Ⅰ.ReadPara.1anddothefollowingexercise.WhichofthefollowingisnotwhatHawkingwasfamousfor?A．Hisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology.B．HisovercomingthechallengesofALS.C．Hisspeech-generatingequipment.D．His1988book.答案CⅡ.ReadPara.2anddothefollowingexercise.WhendidphysiciansdiscoverthatHawkinghadarare，slow-progressingformofALS?A．In1942. B．In1959.C．In1961. D．In1963.答案DⅢ.ReadParas.3－4carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatisNOTtheresultofhisillness?A．Hecouldn’tspeak.B．Hehadtostophisstudyandresearch.C．Hecouldn’tmovehishands.D．Hisphysicalabilitydeclined.答案B2．HowdidHawkingspeakafterlosinghisspeech?Byusingapieceofspeech-generatingequipment.Ⅳ.ReadParas.5－6carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatdoyouknowaboutthesimpleversionABrieferHistoryofTime?A．Itwaswrittenintheyear1988.B．Itwasco-authoredwithLeonardMlodinow.C．Itwaswrittentobemoreaccessibletocommonpeople.D．Itsoldwellonceitcameout.答案C2．WhathappenedtoHawkingin2010?A．Hewasexpectedtoliveforafewyears.B．Hefoundhisfirstjobinauniversity.C．HedecidedtowriteABrieferHistoryofTime.D．HepublishedTheGrandDesignwithLeonardMlodinow.答案DⅤ.ReadParas.7－8carefullyanddothefollowingexercises.1．WhatdidHawkingmeanbysaying“Lookupatthestarsandnotdownatyourfeet...becurious.”？A．Weshouldoftenlookupattheskyandadmirethescenery.B．Weshouldbecuriousaboutwhatisontheground.C．Weshouldfocusonoureverydaylife.D．Weshouldthinkonalargerscaleandbecuriousaboutnatureandthesimplethingsoflife.答案D2．WhatdidHawkingthinkofhimself?A．Fortunate. B．Unlucky.C．Pitiful. D．Gifted.答案AⅥ.Readthewholepassageanddothefollowingexercises.1．Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D．Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.答案C2．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHawking?A．Talentedandoptimistic.B．Talentedandpessimistic.C．Discouragedandoptimistic.D．Unluckyandoptimistic.答案AStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．DoyoufeelinspiredbyStephenHawking?Givereasonsalongwithyourcomments.(Criticalthinking)2．Supposingyouareareporter，andyou’vegotanopportunitytointerviewStephenHawking，whatquestionsdoyouwanttoaskhim?(Creativethinking)Step4總結——課文語法填空On14March,2018，oneoftheworld’smost1.influential(influence)scientists，StephenHawking，diedathishome.Hewasfamousnotonlyforhisgreatachievementsbutfor2.overcoming(overcome)thechallengesofALS.WhenHawkingspenthisfirstyearattheUniversityofCambridge，hewasdiagnosed3.withALS.Hewasonlyexpected4.tolive(live)forafewyears.5.However，hefinishedhisstudiesandgotajobattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridgeand6.continued(continue)hisworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology.Whilehisreputationforhisworkspread，hisphysicalabilitydeclined.In1985，after7.anoperation，hestartedtouseakindofspeech-generatingequipmentspecially8.developed(develop)byhisdoctorstohelphimspeak.ButStephenHawkingneverceasedhisstudiesandcontinuedtodevelophistheoriesonblackholes.Hawkingbelievedthathewasnotanunluckyman.Fromhisdiagnosisattheageof21heregardedeverythingsincethenasabonus.Hewasgratefultohisfamilyandappreciatedthehelpfromalargenumberofpeopleand9.organizations(organization)．Thoughhepassedawayintheyear2018，his10.perseverance(persevere)instudyandoptimisticattitudetolifewillinspireusforever.Step5解讀——長句難句分析1．Intheearlystagesofhiscareer，hisillnessgotworse，buthewasallowedtodoresearchonlyratherthanteach，whichwaseasierforhim.[句式分析]此句是并列復合句。句中but連接了兩個并列句，主語分別是hisillness和he；第二個分句中包含了which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內容。[自主翻譯]職業(yè)生涯剛一開始他的病情就轉而惡化，研究所允許他可以只做研究而不用教學，這對他來說更容易。2．AlthoughHawking’sphysicalabilitiesdeclinedoverdecades，heneverceasedhisstudiesandhedevelopedanumberofnewideasaboutblackholes.[句式分析]此句是復合句。although引導讓步狀語從句，decline意思是“下滑，衰退”，cease意思是“停止做……”。[自主翻譯]盡管在過去幾十年里霍金的身體機能不斷下降，但他從未停止過研究，對黑洞有了許多新的想法。3．Andhebelievedthiswasbecauseofthehelphereceivedfromhisfamilyandalargenumberofpeopleandorganizations.[句式分析]此句是復合句。believed后邊是省略了that的賓語從句；該賓語從句是系表結構，主語是this，表語是短語becauseofthehelp；help后是省略了that/which的定語從句，先行詞是thehelp；從句中的alargenumberof意思是“許多，大量”，后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。[自主翻譯]他認為自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和大量的他人和機構的幫助。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhatifwehadthepowertocontroltime，insteadofmovingfromthepasttothepresenttothefuture?Whatifwecouldjumpandtravelthroughtimeinamachine?Whatifwecouldgowhereverandwheneverwepleased?Themysteriouspuzzleoftimehaskeptpeopledebatingitsnatureforhundredsofyears.Sciencefictionwritershaveturneditintoimaginativestories.Somescientistshaveevenattemptedtoexplainitusingmath，tryingtomakethedreamoftimetravelcometrue.AlbertEinsteinsaidthattimeandspaceareonethingcalled“spacetime”．Hesaidtherearethreedimensionsinspace：height，widthanddepth.AscientistnamedHermannMinkowskiaddedtimeasafourthdimension.Einsteinintroducedtwoideasthathaveledtotheoriesaboutthepossibilityoftimetravel.Thefirstisrelativity.Theideaofrelativityisthattheforceofgravitycausesspacetobend，whichcausestimetotwist.Thesecondideafocusesonspecialrelativity.Theideaisthatatravelermovingsuper-fastthroughflatspacetimewillenterthefuture.Einsteinconsideredtime“relative”becauseitismeasuredbasedonwhereweareonEarthorinspace.StephenHawkingbelievedthatatimemachinewouldneverbebuilt.Ifitwerepossible，hethoughtwewouldalreadyknow.Ifatimemachinecouldbebuilt，howcomenoonefromthefuturehasinvadedus?ThefirstsciencefictionstorywiththisthemeisTheClockThatWentBackwardbyEdwardP．Mitchell，whichwaspublishedin1881.Sincethen，thousandsofbooks，filmsandtelevisionshowshaveexploredtheideaoftimetravel，inwhichsometoolssuchasphones，watches，photographsandoldbookstaketravelersbackwardandforward.Willtimetraveleverhappen?Whoknows?Mostimportantistokeepyoureyesopenandhaveasenseofwonder.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章引用了愛因斯坦和霍金對于時間旅行的看法，并介紹了關于時間旅行的作品。1．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?A．Toshowtimeandspaceareconnected.B．Todrawreaders’attentiontotimetravel.C．Toasksomequestionsabouttimetravel.D．Tomakepeoplebelievetimetravelispossible.答案B解析寫作意圖題。文章第一段通過三個問句引出了時間旅行的話題，再結合第二段內容以及后文的時間旅行理論可推知，作者寫第一段的目的是吸引讀者對時間旅行的注意。故選B。2．WhatwasthecontributionofEinsteinaccordingtothetext?A．Hedividedspaceintofourdimensions.B．Heprovedatimemachinecouldbebuilt.C．Hebelievedtimeandspacearedifferentthings.D．Heputforwardideasbringingabouttheoriesoftimetravel.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句可知，愛因斯坦提出了兩個觀點，這些觀點導致了關于時間旅行的可能性的理論。故選D。3．Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thefirstsciencefictionstory.B．Sometoolsusedintimetravel.C．EdwardP．Mitchell，thepioneer.D．Differentworksabouttimetravel.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thefirstsciencefictionstorywiththistheme...thousandsofbooks，filmsandtelevisionshowshaveexploredtheideaoftimetravel...”可知，本段主要是關于時間旅行的不同作品。故選D。4．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardtimetravel?A．Hopeful. B．Pessimistic.C．Sceptical. D．Negative.答案A解析觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Mostimportantistokeepyoureyesopenandhaveasenseofwonder.”可推知，作者對于時間旅行的態(tài)度是充滿希望的。故選A。BBytheyear2050，Earth’spopulationisexpectedtoreachnearly10billionpeople.Withthisgrowthcomesasurprisingdemandforfoodresources.Tofindaneffectivewaytodealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis，EnterX，AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral，whichfocuseson“computationalagriculture”，atermtodescribenewtechnologiesthatwillfurtherincreaseunderstandingabouttheplantworld.Canamachinebetaughttounderstandtheplantworld?Afteryearsofwork，ProjectMineralleaderElliotGrantandhisteam’slatestprototype(原型)—aplant-scanningrobot—willturnupattheSmithsonian’s“Futures”exhibitionlaterthisyear.Thefour-wheeledplantrobot，aboutastallasashippingcontainerandaswideasacar，usesdifferentcamerasandothertechnologiestomonitorandfindpossibleproblemswithplants.Asitrollsthroughthefarmland，itcanidentifyweeds，andmeasuretheripenessoffruits.TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants，orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.What’smore，whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutinthefield，itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops，traitsordiseases.MineralhaspartneredwithafarmerinthePhilippineswhoishelpingtheteamstudydiseasesinbananas.Imagesofdiseasedbananaswillbeusedtoteachtherobothowtodetectdiseases.Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenemploysthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplant’sfloweringspeed，whichiscrucialtounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredicttheyields.Besides，therobotcanmeasureallkindsofleafsizesanddetectgreenness.Thoughtherobothascomealongwayfromitsorigin，it’sstillaprototype.Mineralstressesthatthey’reconstantlyimprovingandworkingcloselywithexpertsintheagriculturalfieldtounderstandplantsfurther.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹Alphabet公司推出的用于應對全球食品安全危機的Mineral項目。5．WhichofthefollowingisacharacteristicoftheMineralrobot?A．Itpowersitself.B．Itcanadjustitself.C．Itmoveswithlegs.D．Itlookslikeaship.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants，orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.”可知，該機器人可以自我調整。故選B。6．WhatisthefunctionoftheMineralrobot?A．Helpingfightinsects.B．Removingbadfruits.C．Detectingcropdiseases.D．Growingplantsonitsown.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句可知，該機器人可以準確地識別特定的作物、性狀或疾病。因此，該機器人能探測農作物的病害。故選C。7．HowdoestheMineralrobotpredictcropyields?A．Byobservingtheripenessoffruits.B．Bycalculatinghowfastplantsflower.C．Byanalyzingtheshapeofplants’leaves.D．Byanalyzingimagesofdiseasedplants.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句可知，該機器人還會拍攝花朵的照片，然后使用機器學習模型來計算植物的開花速度，這對于了解植物對環(huán)境的反應和預測產(chǎn)量至關重要。即該機器人通過計算植物開花速度來預測其產(chǎn)量。故選B。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Improvementofaplant-scanningrobot.B．Effectivesolutionstodealwithcropdiseases.C．Anattemptinsolvingthepopulationproblems.D．ProjectMineral—afightagainstfoodsafetycrisis.答案D解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段末句并結合下文內容可知，本文主要介紹Alphabet公司推出的用于應對全球食品安全危機的Mineral項目。故選D。CTheInternet，searchengines，virtualworlds.Haveyouevergotthefeelingthatyou’relivinginasciencefiction?Well，indeedyouare.Formorethanacentury，inventorshavebeendriventocreatewhatsci-fiwritershaveimaginedlongbefore.BuckRogersinspiredagenerationofscientistsexcitedaboutspaceexploration.RayBradburypredictedhome-theatersystems.WilliamGibsondreameduptheInternetwhilewritingNeuromanceronatypewriter.Notlongafterhim，NealStephensonpredictedvirtualworldsinhis1991novelSnowCrash.OneofhisreaderswasPhilipRosedale，wholoveditsomuchthathewantedtobuildavirtualworldbasedonit.Bythelate1990s，technologycaughtuptothenovel，andRosedalebuiltthevirtualworldSecondLifebasedonthe“Metaverse”fromthenovel.With1millionactiveusers，SecondLifeoffersvirtualshops，bars，housesandevenvirtualtelevisionstudioswithvirtualcelebrities(名人)onvirtualtalkshows.“IthinkitisprettymuchwhatIimagined，”Stephensonsays.“Ijustshootforthestars，whilehemakesgreatthingshappen.”ButSnowCrashisadarkbook.Theworldinthenovelisfilledwithcriminals，violenceandenvironmentalproblems.“Sciencefictionnotonlyputsstarsinourhands，italsohelpsusseethemeaningofourwork，”PhilipRosedaleadmits.“Itmakesitpossibleforustoseewhatallofoureffortscouldeventuallyleadto.”Infact，mostsciencefictionauthorsadmitthattheirworkisusuallycautionary.“Whiletheinventorsarerushingaheadandexcitedaboutthispossibilityorthatpossibility，we’realwaysstandingthereinformingthemofthepotentialdangerorthreat，‘Hangonjustasecond.Let’sthinkaboutthisalittlemore，’”authorWilliamGibsonsays.“Butmostofthemwillignoreyoubecausetheythinktheyalreadyknowallthingsaboutanygivenhottopicoftheday.Butifyoucanconvincethemthatyou’retalkingaboutaplanetmillionsofmilesawayandhundredsofyearsinthefutureorthepast，youcanactuallygetthemtoexaminemorecloselywhat’sgoingonrightnow.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了科幻小說對科技進步的推動及警示作用。9．WhowasinspiredbyNealStephenson’swork?A．BuckRogers.B．WilliamGibson.C．RayBradbury.D．PhilipRosedale.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句以及第四段首句知，菲利普·羅斯代爾受到了尼爾·斯蒂芬森的作品《雪崩》的啟發(fā)，構建了虛擬世界“第二人生”。故選D。10．WhatdoesNealStephensonthinkaboutSecondLife?A．Itisaveryviolentvirtualworld.B．Itisnotbasedonhisfictionstrictly.C．Heissatisfiedwiththe“Metaverse”．D．Moreactivitiesshouldbeaddedtoit.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內容可知，斯蒂芬森認為虛擬世界“第二人生”和他的設想很吻合，可推知他對此感到很滿意。故選C。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cautionary”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Warning. B．Inspiring.C．Influential. D．Complicated.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...we’realwaysstandingthereinformingthemofthepotentialdangerorthreat”可知，科幻作品通常會告知發(fā)明家潛在的危險或威脅，可推知科幻作品通常是警示性的。故選A。12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Bookreview. B．Economy.C．Technology. D．Psychology.答案C解析文章出處題。通讀全文尤其是第三段首句可知，本文主要介紹了科幻小說與科技進步之間的關系，推測文章可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科技”版塊。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五WhyIAlwaysTravelwithaPaperMapinHandThefirstthingIdowhenIarriveinaforeigncityisfindapapermap.Tome，it’sthesinglemostimportanttaskIhavetoaccomplishuponarrival.1IlearnwhereIaminrelationtotherestofthecity，thenamesofneighborhoodsandthemajorstreet.Ifigureoutwherethesubwaystationsare，howIcangettothebestwalkingroutes.ThenIusethatpapermaptofigureoutwhichsightsareclosesttoeachotherandhowIcanusemytimemostefficiently.2InotetheneighborhoodsIwanttovisitalongtheway.NodoubtyoumaywonderwhyIdon’tjustpulloutmyphone.IdoownasmartphonewithGPS.3