高中英語北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 12 Period 6　Lesson 2 Lesson 3-Language Points

Period6Lesson2&Lesson3—LanguagePointsⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Withthatdrive，thereisnodifficultythattheycan’tovercome.2．ItistogettherocketgoingfastenoughtoescapeEarth’sgravity.3．Itisratheracoincidencethathewasbornonhismother’sbirthday.4．Wehavecorresponded(通信)foryearsbutI’veneveractuallymethim.5．Beingabletowalktoworkisanadditionalbonus(額外的好處)ofthenewjob.6．Thepoliceadmittedthatnonewevidenceemerged(出現(xiàn))duringtheinvestigation.7．However，researchhasprovedthatpeoplecanlearntosleepmoreefficiently(高效的)．8．Eversincechildhood，shehashadagranddream—tobeagreatdoctortosaveallpeoplefromsuffering.9．Accordingtoscientists，ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.10．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesactivelyincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空1．Scientistsareevaluatingtheexperimentandtheirevaluationwilldeterminewhetheritcanbeusedindailylife.(evaluate)2．Iwascluelessabouthowtosolvethetoughproblemuntilshegavemesomeusefulclues.(clue)3．Thoughyourtheoryisbasedonsomefacts，itisstillonlyatheoreticalpossibility.Youshouldprovideevidencemorepracticallyratherthantheoretically.(theory)4．Heoncegotinvolvedinacrimeandeversince，thatinvolvementhashadanextremelybadinfluenceonhislife.(involve)Ⅲ.完成句子1．太陽釋放光和熱，這使得植物生長成為可能。(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)Thesungivesofflightandheat，whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.2．對我來說，我的英語老師就是我最尊敬的人。(that引導(dǎo)定語從句)Asforme，myEnglishteacheristhepersonthatIrespectmost.3．獲悉你將在六月二十六日來參觀我們學(xué)校，我非常高興。(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)IamverypleasedtolearnthatyouarecomingtovisitourschoolonJune26.involvev．包含；需要；涉及，影響；使參加(involvedadj.參與的；投入的involvementn．參與)·involve(doing)sth包括(做)某事；需要(做)某事involvesb/oneselfin(doing)sth使某人/自己卷入/參與/專心于(做)某事·be/getinvolvedin(doing)sth卷入/參與(做)某事；專心于(做)某事(1)Peaceandstabilityintheworldneedtheactiveinvolvement(involve)ofeachcountry.(2)Pleaseconveymythankstoallthestaffinvolved(involve);theydidanexcellentjob.(3)Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvedspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.(4)Nobodywantstogetinvolvedinwars(卷入戰(zhàn)爭)，notonlycivilians，butalsothesoldiers.(5)Maryinvolvedherselfinthescientificresearchandhadnotimetoaccompanyherfamilies.→Involvedinthescientificresearch，Maryhadnotimetoaccompanyherfamilies.(形容詞作狀語)→Involvingherselfinthescientificresearch，Maryhadnotimetoaccompanyherfamilies.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)declinev．&n．減少，降低；衰退；謝絕·decline(from...)to...(從……)下降到……declineby...下降了……declinetodosth拒絕做某事·onthedecline在衰退中；在下降注意：同義詞decrease，reduce(1)Itisreportedthatthenumberoffull-timestaffhasdeclinedfrom300tojust50inthisregion.(2)Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisit(visit)thecouple’snewhouse.(3)Thenumberoftouriststothisresortdeclinedby(減少了)nearly50%lastyearbecauseofthefinancialcrisis.(4)Withtheawarenessofpersonalhealth，thenumberofsmokersisonthedecline(正在下降)．(5)她說她身體不舒服，婉拒了與朋友們一起去購物。Shedeclinedtogoshoppingwithherfriends，sayingthatshedidn’tfeelwell.形容詞短語作狀語教材原句Thisholeledtoanotheruniverse，completelyseparatefromourown.這種洞通向另一個宇宙，與我們的宇宙完全分離。(P59)該句中的“completelyseparatefromourown”是形容詞短語在句中作狀語，用于說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)，常表示伴隨情況，有時也表示原因、條件、讓步等。可位于句首、句末和句子中間，通常和句子的其他成分用逗號分開，但單個的形容詞可以連在一起。(1)Afraidofbeingcaught，themurdererfledtoaremotevillage，butstillwasarrestedwithinaday.因?yàn)楹ε卤蛔ィ@個謀殺犯逃到了一個偏遠(yuǎn)的村子，但仍在一天內(nèi)就被捕了。(2)Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofthemcamebackhome，hungryandtired.長途旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€人回到了家，又餓又累。(3)Shejuststoodthere，unabletobelievewhathadjusthappened.她只是站在那里，無法相信剛才發(fā)生的事。(4)Iwasinterestedinforeignliterature，soIsignedupforthiscourseimmediately.→Interestedinforeignliterature，Isignedupforthiscourseimmediately.(形容詞短語作狀語)while的用法教材原句Whydosomepeopleworksohadburachieveverylittle，whilesomeothersseemtodonothingbutgoodideasemerge？為什么有些人如此努力工作卻收入甚微，而另一些人似乎什么都不做，只有好的想法出現(xiàn)。(P112)·while用作并列連詞，表示前后分句的對比，意為“然而，可是”?！hile的其他用法：(1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”。(2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常放在句首，譯作“盡管”“雖然”，比although或though語氣要輕。(3)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于aslongas，意為“只要”。(4)while還可以作名詞，意為“一會兒”。(1)Facingdifficulties，somepeoplechoosetoeasilygiveupwhileothersbravelyovercomethem.面對困難，有些人選擇輕易放棄，而其他人勇敢地去克服。(2)Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，notallofitsoutcomeshavebeenpositive.盡管網(wǎng)上購物改變了我們的生活，但并非它所有的結(jié)果都是正面的。(3)Isatonthechairtounwrapthepackagewhilehewasstandingbehindme.我坐在椅子上打開包裹，當(dāng)時他就站在我身后。(4)Whileasparkofliferemains，itisadoctor’sdutytosavethepatient.只要病人還有一線生機(jī)，醫(yī)生就有責(zé)任挽救。(5)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile，doinganythingyouenjoy.走出去做點(diǎn)你喜歡的事情，讓你的身體和大腦休息一會兒。Ⅰ.一詞多義whileA.然而，但是B.當(dāng)……的時候C.盡管D.只要E.一會兒n.1．Intheory，therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.D2．Pleasewaitforawhile;themanagerisonthephonerightnow.E3．Whenitcomestohabits，helikessingingwhilehisbrotherpreferssports.A4．Whilethestudentscamefromdifferentbackgrounds，theygotalongquitewell.C5．WouldyouliketolookafterthebabywhileIgotodosomeshopping？BⅡ.熟詞生義1．Idon’tthinktheyhaverealizedthegravityofthesituation.嚴(yán)重性2．IamafraidIhavetodeclineyourinvitationbecauseofsomethingurgent.謝絕3．Wefeltwemightfinishthird;anybetterwouldbeabonus.意外的收獲Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Buriedinhisresearchwork，hewascluelessabouttheoutsideworld.2．Whatreallymattersisnotwhatweeatbutwithwhomweeat.3．Onhearingthebadnews，shecouldn’thelpcrying(cry)onthescene.4．Histheorywasthattherewasasortofholeinthecenterofblackholes.5．Alargenumberofstudentshavesigned(sign)upforhisclasssinceitbegan.6．Hesaidhisexpectationwerereducedtozerowhenhewasdiagnosedwiththedisease.7．Havingbeendiagnosedwithararedisease，heonlyexpectedtolive(live)anormallife.8．Effectivemeasureshavebeentakentopreventsuchaccidentshappening(happen)again.9．Everyoneshouldhavetheequalrighttogoodmedicalcareregardlessoftheirabilitytopay.10．OnceIwascluelessaboutamathsproblemforawholeweekandthenanideaflewintomymind.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(ratherthan，asaresult，inspiteof，bereducedto，leadto)1．Aliceoversleptthismorning;asaresult，shewaslateforschool.2．Theymanagedtofinishthetaskasscheduledinspiteofallthedifficulties.3．ThelasttimeImethim，hehadbeenreducedtobegginginthestreet.4．Ialwaysprefertostartearlyratherthanleaveeverythingtothelastminute.5．Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.Ⅲ.單句寫作(應(yīng)用文寫作——跑步募捐活動)1．在中國，很多瀕危動物正在急劇減少。(onthedecline)AnumberofendangeredspeciesareonthedeclineinChina.2．上周，我和我們班同學(xué)參加了一個跑步比賽來為這些動物籌錢。(getinvolvedin)Lastweek，myclassmatesandIgotinvolvedinarunningracetoraisemoneyforthem.3．盡管天氣非常寒冷，但是沒有一個同學(xué)中途放棄。(inspiteof)Inspiteoftheextremelyfreezingweather，noonequittedhalfway.4．在沿途人們的歡呼聲中，我們最終到達(dá)了終點(diǎn)，盡管筋疲力盡，但是都很開心。(形容詞作狀語)Withpeoplealongthestreetscheeringforus，wearrivedatthefinishingline，exhaustedbuthappy.5．雖然我們不能完全改變現(xiàn)狀，但是我們確實(shí)也起到了作用。(while)Whilewecan’tchangethepresentsituationcompletely，wedomakeadifference.Ⅳ.閱讀理解CouldthenextErnestHemingwayorJaneAustenbeawell-engineeredAIsoftwareprogram?It’saquestionbecomingincreasinglypressingasmachinelanguage-learningsoftwarecontinuestoevolve.Muchofthisisjustnerves.Today’sAIcreativewritingprogramsarenotyetatastageofdevelopmentwheretheyposeaseriousthreattoColleenHooverorCharlesDickens.ButwhileattentioncontinuestofocusonthepossibilityofablankettakeoverofhumanliteraturebyAI，farlessconsiderationhasbeengiventotheprospectofAIco-workingwithhumans.Earlierthismonth，Americansci-fiwriterKenLiu，whohadbeenawardedHugoandNebulatohisname，joined12otherprofessionalauthorsforawritingworkshoponGoogle’sWordcraft.ThisAItool，alanguagegeneratingmodel，isnotyetpubliclyavailablebutisadvertisedasanAI-poweredwritingassistantthatcan，whengiventherightinstructionfromthewriter，providehelpfuldescriptions，createlistsofobjectsoremotionalstates，andevenbrainstormideas.Thewritersattheworkshop，however，emergedwithmixedreports，“Wordcraftistoosensible，Wow！”RobinSloanwrote，“But‘sensible’isanotherwordforpredictable，overusedandboring.Myintentionhereistoproducesomethingunexpected.”I’munconvincedthatwritersawardedtheNobelPrizehavemuchtofearfromAI.Theirwork，andthatofcountlessothernovelists，shortstorywriters，dramatistsandpoets，istooparticular，toobeautifullyunique.Evenifamodellearnedwhattheyhaddoneinthepast，itwouldnotbeabletopredictwheretheircreativitymighttaketheminthefuture.Butforauthorswhowritefollowingapattern，AImightstepin，firstasassistantsbeforesomedaytoauthorship.Production-linenovelsarenothingnew.Inthe1970s，BarbaraCartland，whowrotemorethan723booksinherlifetime，manyofwhichareromancebestsellers，wouldreadhernovelsforhersecretarytotypeupattheremarkablerateofroughlysevenchaptersaweek.Butalreadymachinehasreplacedthesecretary’srole.Perhapscreativewritingsoftwareisn’tthatfarfromreplacingtheMrsCartlandoftoday.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要探討了人工智能是否會取代人類作家。)1．WhichaspectofAIcallsformoreattention?A．Itsdamagetoournerves.B．Itsprogressinliterarystudies.C．Itscooperationwithhumans.D．Itsinfluenceonhumanliterature.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Butwhileattention...hasbeengiventotheprospectofAIco-workingwithhumans.”可知，人工智能與人類的合作更值得關(guān)注，故選C。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutWordcraftfromthetext?A．Itgeneratesnovelsautomatically.B．Itoutperformsprofessionalwriters.C．Itsworksreceivepraisesfromthepublic.D．Itsworksbearsimilaritytoexistingones.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Wordcraftistoosensible...Myintentionhereistoproducesomethingunexpected.”可知，Wordcraft的作品與現(xiàn)存作品有相似之處。故選D。3．WhatcanwritersdotoavoidthethreatfromAI?A．Increasewritingspeed.B．Usediverseresources.C．Producecreativeworks.D．Followthelatestpatterns.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，作家們可以通過創(chuàng)作有創(chuàng)意的作品來避免人工智能的威脅，故選C。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WillAIReplaceHumanWriters?B．AIWarnsMrsCartlandofTodayC．IsWritingRunningintoaNewEra?D．WordcraftLiesattheCenterofDebate答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段提到“下一個ErnestHemingway或JaneAusten會是一個精心設(shè)計(jì)的人工智能軟件程序嗎？”，結(jié)合第二段的“Muchofthis...theyposeaseriousthreattoColleenHooverorCharlesDickens.”可知，本文主要探討的是人工智能是否會取代人類作家，因此A選項(xiàng)“人工智能會取代人類作家嗎？”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。Ⅴ.完形填空InhighschoolNormanGreensteinwasaproductivedoodler(涂鴉手)，andcreatedlotsofpaintings.Whenhe1hisworkstohisteacher，theteacherresponded，“Theproblemwithmodernartisthatyoucan2onacanvas(畫布)andcallitart.”Normanfeltsodisappointed，buthe3partedwithartovertheyears.Afterhis4，Normansparednoeffortto5hiswifeandthreechildrenwithdevotion.Althoughlifewassometimeshardforhim，itdidn’truinhis6forcreativeexpression.AfterbeingdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease，the65-year-oldsocialworker，decidedtoturnhis7diagnosisintoapositiveopportunityto8alifelongdream.Withthehelpofhisson，Normanwasabletostarta9involvinghiswholefamily，inordertomakehisownworks10byallpeoplearoundhim，aswellashis11experienceoffightingagainstParkinson’sdisease.In2021，anonline12waslaunchedtofeaturethecolorfulcanvasesandhealso13amemoir(回憶錄)calledSpitonaCanvas：theJourneyoftheParkinson’sPainter.Meanwhile，Normanbegansellinghisfirstpaintings，withgalleriesexhibitinghisworks.Theteamisalso14releasingNorman’sfirstdigitalNFTartcollection.20%ofthe15hasbeendonatedtotwoParkinson’sresearchfoundations.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是NormanGreenstein被診斷出患帕金森病后依然追求自己的夢想，終于在孩子的幫助下舉辦畫展，并且積極捐款為社會做貢獻(xiàn)。1．A.assigned B．offeredC．conveyed D．showed答案D解析由后文的“tohisteacher，theteacherresponded”可知，他是把他的作品向老師展示。故選D。2．A.set B．spitC．sneeze D．skip答案B解析由最后一段的“SpitonaCanvas”可知，空格處是spit，是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B。3．A.still B．occasionallyC．never D．frequently答案C解析由后文的“Normanwasabletostartainvolvinghiswholefamily，inordertomakehisownworksbyallpeoplearoundhim”可知，他后來辦了畫展，說明多年來他從未與藝術(shù)分開。故選C。4．A.retirement B．exhibitionC．graduation D．marriage答案D解析由后文的“hiswifeandthreechildren”可知，他是結(jié)婚了。故選D。5．A.support B．respectC．provide D．share答案A解析由后文的“hiswifeandthreechildrenwithdevotion”可知，結(jié)婚后他養(yǎng)妻子和三個孩子。故選A。6．A.calling B．prayingC．longing D．waiting答案C解析由上文的“hepartedwithartovertheyears”可知，他從未放棄藝術(shù)，雖然生活有時對他來說很艱難，但這并沒有破壞他對創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)的渴望。故選C。7．A.unbelievable B．darkC．embarrassing D．unsolved答案B解析unbelievable令人難以置信的；dark憂郁的，無望的；embarrassing令人尷尬的；unsolved尚未解決的。由后文的“intoapositiveopportunity”可知，空格處應(yīng)填和positive相反的詞，即dark，表示“他決定把他無望的診斷變成一個實(shí)現(xiàn)畢生夢想的積極的機(jī)會”。故選B。8．A.release B．refreshC．realize D．restore答案C解析由后文的“alifelongdream”可知，是實(shí)現(xiàn)畢生的夢想。故選C。9．A.project B．requestC．competition D．reform答案A解析由后文的“involvinghiswholefamily”可知，諾曼開始了一個涉及整個家庭的項(xiàng)目。故選A。10．A.regarded B．recommendedC．developed D．spotted答案D解析由上文的“makehisownworks”和后文的“byallpeoplearoundhim”可知，他是讓自己的作品被周圍的人看到。故選D。11．A.thorough B．toughC．upset D．stressful答案B解析根據(jù)上文“Althoughlifewassometimeshardforhim”以及下文“fightingagainstParkinson’sdisease”可知，他讓自己與帕金森病抗?fàn)幍钠D苦經(jīng)歷被人看到。故選B。12．A.drama B．contestC．programme D．gallery答案D解析由后文的“withgalleriesexhibitinghisworks”可知，此處是說一個網(wǎng)上畫廊推出了彩色畫布。故選D。13．A.published B．copiedC．revised D．examined答案A解析由后文的“amemoir(回憶錄)calledSpitonaCanvas：theJourneyoftheParkinson’sPainter”可知，他是出版了一本回憶錄。故選A。14．A.endingwith B．workingonC．relyingon D．payingfor答案B解析endwith以……結(jié)束；workon從事于；relyon依靠；payfor為……而付錢。由后文的“releasingNorman’sfirstdigitalNFTartcollection”可知，該團(tuán)隊(duì)還致力于發(fā)布諾曼的第一個數(shù)字NFT藝術(shù)收藏，空格處意為“從事于”。故選B。15．A.salary B．rewardC．sale D．a(chǎn)llowance答案C解析由上文的“Normanbegansellinghisfirstpaintings”和后文的“donatedtotwoParkinson’sresearchfoundations”可知，20%的銷售額捐贈給了兩個帕金森研究基金會。故選C。Ⅵ.語法填空(2023·河南駐馬店高二統(tǒng)考期末)Accordingtosome1.(academy)studies，doughfigurine(面塑)，knownasmiansu，originatedfromtheThreeKingdomsera.DoughFigurineisasimplefolkhandicraft(手工藝品)2.(show)highartisticquality.Thistraditionalart3.(recognize)asthecountry’sNationalIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2008.Likemostoftheotherintangiblec