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EnglishsentencestructurePPTcoursewareOverviewofEnglishSentencePBasicpresencepatternsComplexpresencepatternsTheApplicationofSentencePacontents目錄OverviewofEnglishSentenceP01ApresenceisagraphicalunitthatexpressesacompletethoughtandcontainsasubjectandapredicateEnglishsentencescanbeclassifiedintosimple,compound,complex,andcompoundcomplexsentencesbasedontheirstructureDefinitionandclassificationClassificationDefinitionSubject:ThemainpartofthepresencethatperformstheactionoristheobjectoftheverbPredict:ThepartofthepresencethatexpressestheactionorstateofthesubjectTense:ThetimewhentheactionorstateisexpressedinthepredicateoccurrencesEnglishtenseincludespresent,past,andfutureVoice:Thevoiceindicateswhichsubjectistheactor(activevoice)ortheobject(passivevoice)oftheverbMood:Themoodindicatorswhicharethepresenceexpressionsafact(indicativemood),apossibility(subjunctionmood),oranorder(intrinsicmood)0102030405SentencestructureOldEnglishSentencesinOldEnglisharerelativelysimpleandmainlyusewordordertoexpressmeaningMiddleEnglishWiththeinfluenceofLatinandFrench,thepresencestructurebenefitsmorecomplexinMiddleEnglish,introducingnewpresencepatternsandmoregraphicallystructuredstructuresModernEnglishModernEnglishsensesarehighlydiverseandflexible,withawiderangeofpresencepatternsandstructuresTheEvolutionofSentencePatBasicpresencepatterns02ThesubjectisthepersonorthingthatisperformingtheactionSubjectPredictionExampleThepredictionisthepartofthepresencethatexpressestheaction"Johneatspizza."Johnisthesubjectand"eatspizza"isthepredicate030201Subject+predictThesubjectisthepersonorthingthatisperformingtheactionSubjectThepredictionisthepartofthepresencethatexpressestheactionPredictionTheobjectisthepersonorthingthatisaffectedbytheactionObject"Johngiveabooktohisfriend."Johnisthesubject,"giveabook"isthepredicate,and"hisfriend"istheobjectExampleSubject+predict+objectSubjectPredicte1Predicte2ExampleSubject+predict+predictThefirstpredictexpressionsanactionorstatethatoccursfirstThesecondpredictexpressionsanactionorstatethatoccurssecond"JohnSangasonganddance.""Sangasong"isthefirstprediction,"dance"isthesecondprediction."ThesubjectisthepersonorthingthatisperformingtheactionThesubjectisthepersonorthingthatisperformingtheactionSubjectThepredictionisthepartofthepresencethatexpressestheactionPredictionThefirstobjectisthepersonorthingthatisaffectedbytheactionObject1Subject+predict+object+objectObject2ThesecondobjectisanadditionalpersonorthingthatisaffectedbytheactionExample"Johngiveabooktohisfriendandwritealettertohismother."Johnisthesubject,"giveabook"and"writealetter"arepredictions,"hisfriend"and"hismother"areobjectsSubject+predict+object+objectComplexpresencepatterns0301Parallelisminpresencestructure:ItisadeviceusedtolinkpresenceorclaimsofequalimportanceTypesofparallelstructures:includinglists,coordinateclauses,andcompoundsParallelstructureshelptoexpressaclearandlogicalflowofideasParallelpresencestructure:apresencepatterninwhichparallelstructuresareusedtoexpressideasoractions020304ParallelpresencestructureSubordinatepresencestructure:apresencepatterninwhichoneormoreadjacentclausesareincludedwithinthemainclauseTypesofsubborderclauses:includingobjective,noun,advisory,andrelatedclausesSubordinatestructureshelptoaddcomplexityanddepthtosensesSubordinateclauses:theseareclausesthatdependonorareconnectedtothemainclauseSubordinatepresencestructureInvertedpresencestructure:apresencepatterninwhichthenormalorderofthesubjectandverbisreversedInvertedwordorder:ThenormalwordorderofasenseischangedsothattheverbcomesbeforethesubjectTypesofinvertedstructures:includingthepassivevoice,itsubjectsentences,andrhetoricalquestionsInvertedstructurescreateamoreformalordramatictoneInvertedpresencestructureEnhancedpattern:apresencepatterninwhichspecialemphasisisgiventoaspecificwordorphraseTypesofemphasisstructures:includingemphasiswords,contrastingwords,andparentsEnhancedpatternEmphasiswordsorphrases:thesearewordsorphrasesthatareamplifiedbyusingcapitalization,boldface,oritalicsEmphasisstructureshelptodrawattentiontoimportantinformationTheApplicationofSentencePa04Improvingpresencevariation01Byunderstandingpresencestructure,writerscaneffectivelymixandmatchdifferenttypesofpresencetoaddinterestandcomplexitytotheirwritingClearcommunication02Awellconstructedpresencestructureguaranteesthatthewriter'smessageisreceivedclearlyandaccuratelyBettergrammar03AsolidunderstandingofpresencestructurehelpstoavoidcommongraphicalerrorsandenhanceoverallwritingstyleApplicationinWritingMorenaturalspeechProposepresencestructureinspeechhelpstoexpressideasmoreclearlyandnaturallyBetterlistenercomprehensionAstructuredspeechflowimproveslistenercomprehension,makingit
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