2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編5閱讀理解-科技類含解析

PAGE2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編（5）閱讀理解-科技類1.

ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcity,justeastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.

"Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,"saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.

ForallofBellevue'ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference."It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,"hesays.

InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.(1).Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights. B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals. D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.(2).WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads. B.Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C.Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad. D.Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.(3).WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings. B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.Ipaystoputtheoryintopractice. D.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.2.

Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,遠程定向聲波放射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光燈)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,"spotsound"createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.(1).WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss. B.Itslowsdownarunningman.C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect. D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.(2).TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.A.silencethepeoplearoundyou B.removethesoundofcommercialsC.blocktheincomingsoundwaves D.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou(3).Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?A.Theytravelincircles. B.Theycleartheatmosphere.C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy. D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.(4).Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus B.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses D.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer(5).Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts. B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound. D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.3.

Sometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry'spast—age-oldcastles,splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards(廢品場),thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepair,shopsorevendefibrillatormachines(除顫器).

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

Aboutthattime,TonyInglis'engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.

AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.

Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemfor1pound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024.

Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.

Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast."Ilikewhattheyaretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback."hesaid.(1).Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback_______.A.toformabeautifulsightofthecity B.toimprovetelecommunicationsservicesC.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperiod D.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy(2).Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?A.Theywerenotwell-designed. B.Theyprovidedbadservices.C.Theyhadtooshortahistory. D.Theylosttonewtechnologies.(3).Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof________.A.theirnewappearanceandlowerprices B.thepushofthelocalorganizationsC.theirchangedrolesandfunctions D.thebigfundingofthebusinessmen4.Aswelivelongerandtechnologycontinuesitsrapiddevelopment,wecanimagineafuturewheremachineswillenlargeourhumanabilitiesandhelpusmakebetterlifechoices,fromhealthtowealth.Throughourdialogueanddigitalpieces,AIwillunderstandourlifegoalsandwishes,ourdutiesandlimitations.Itwillhelpusplandifferentlifeevents,sowecanspendmoretimeenjoyinglife’smoments.Theabilityforartificialintelligencetounderstandthecomplexitiesandslightdifferencesofhumanconversationis,however,onehurdle.Thereareseveralthousandknownlivinglanguagesintheworldtoday.Addingtothedifficultiesarethevariedwayswordsaresharedandusedacrossdifferentcultures,includinggrammar,levelsofeducationandstylesofthespeakers.GoogleDuplex,thetechnologysupportingGoogleAssistant,whichplacesphonecallsusinganatural-soundinghumanvoiceinsteadofaroboticone,isanearlyattempttoaddresssuchchallengesinhumancommunications.ButthesearejustinitialwhispersinvoiceofAI’slongjourney.Beyondmakingreservationsandconductingsimpledialogues,virtualassistantswillneedtobecomefarmoreusefulandfurtherfitintothepartsofoureverydaylives.Notonlywilltheyneedtoforeseewhatweneedbeforeweask,theyalsoneedtounderstandthecontextofourconversationsandreactaccordingly.Imagineasnowdaywhenschooliscanceledforthekids.Knowingthatyoumustnowstayathomewithyourchildren,yourphonewouldremindyou,askingifyou’dlikeyourmeetingsmovedtothefollowingday.Alternatively,imaginehowmuchmorepleasantyourjourneyhomefromabusinesstripwouldbeifyourphonecouldautomaticallyarrangeforaridewaitingtopickyouupattheairport,basedonyourtravelplan,location,andhabits.Thepossibilitiesareendless.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAI?A.Theynarrowourabilities. B.Theylimitourbetterchoice.C.Theydon’tknowourlimitations. D.Theyhelpusenjoylifebetter.2.WhatmakesithardforAItounderstandwhathumanssay?A.Lowlevelofspeakers. B.ImperfectionofAI.C.Varietiesoflanguagesandcultures. D.Similaritiesbetweenlanguages.3.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Doubtful. B.Approving. C.Negative. D.Critical.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AIWillReplaceHumans B.AIWillSetGoalsforUs.C.AIWillBePartofOurDailyLives. D.AIWillMeetChallenges.5.Fortwocenturies,thefamousUniversityofCambridgedebatingsocietyhashostedmanyprominentfigures,fromworldleaderstoscientiststocomedians.OnNov21,theCambridgeUnionhosteditsfirst-evernon-humanguest.DesignedbyIBM,ProjectDebaterisamachinethatusesArtificialIntelligence(AI)toformaspokenargument.Itcanevenlistenandanswertoopposingstatements,muchlikearealperson.SpeakingwithavoicesimilartoSiri,ProjectDebaterusesAItosearchjournals,newspapersandotherinformationsources.Itthenfiltersout(過濾)uselessinformation,picksthestrongestarguments,andarrangesthemintoapersuasiveargument.“IntheCambridgetestdebate,itarguedthetopic:AIwillultimatelydomoreharmthangood.AccordingtoIBM,itisthefirstmachinethatcandebatecomplicatedtopicswithhumans.Beforethedebate,morethan1,100argumentsforthepositivesandnegativesofAIweresubmittedtotheIBMwebsite.Themachinethenanalyzedthesesourcesandformedthebasisofitsargumentsinminutes.ProjectDebaterthenshowedoffitsAIbyarguingforbothsidesofthedebate.Overafour-minutespeech,itarguedfirstthat,“AIcanonlymakedecisionsthatithasbeenprogrammedtosolve,whilehumanscanbeprogrammedforallplots,possibleevents.”InsupportofAI,itthenarguedthatAIwouldcreatenewjobsand“bringalotmoreefficiency”totheworkplace.Thisisn’tthefirsttestforProjectDebater.InJune2024,themachinewentback-and-forthfor20minutesagainstchampiondebaterHarishNatarajan.AccordingtoNewScientist,onbothoccasions,ProjectDebaterrepeatedpointsanddidn’talwayssufficientlysupportthem.SpeakingtoCambridgeIndependent,NoamSlonim,theproject’sleadengineer,said,“TheAIisnotperfect,butit’sgoingintherightdirection.”TheteamhopestoimprovetheAIbyresearchingwhyhumansfindcertainargumentsmorepersuasivethanothers.1.InwhichwaydoesProjectDebaterbehavelikearealperson?A.Itcanlistenandanswertoopposingstatements. B.ItcanspeakwithavoicesimilartoSiri.C.Itcancreatevarioususefulsources. D.Itcandealwithanysituation.2.WhatwerepreparedforthemachinebeforetheCambridgetestdebate?A.Analyzedsources. B.Uselessmessages.C.Materialsforarguments. D.Itemsabouthumandebaters.3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_________.A.AIdidbetterthanhumansinargumentsB.themachinehadrichideastosupportitspointsC.themachinebeatHarishNatarajaninthefirsttestD.AIneedsmorepersuasiveargumentsindebates4.WhatisNoamSlonim’sattitudetotheAI?A.Supportive. B.Unconfident. C.Negative. D.Indifferent.6.

Nineminicheetahsrobotsappearedinthefieldtoshowtheirathleticabilities.Thefour-leggedmachines,miniversionsofthelargerandheavierCheetah3,beganwithawarm-uprunacrossthefield.

Thoughtheymaybesimilartotheirpredecessors(原先的事物),thenewfour-leggedmachinesaremuchmoreadvanced.Weighingjustninekilograms,therobotscanbendandswingtheirlegswide,givingthemtheabilitytowalkeitherright-side-uporupsidedown.Theycanalsotravelthroughunevenplacesatabouttwicethespeedofanaverageperson'swalkingpaceandquicklyrightthemselvesifkickedtothegroundandperformunbelievable360-degreebackflips(后空翻)fromastandingposition.

UnliketheCheetah3,themainrobotsarebuiltusingcheapandeasytofindparts.Thismeansthatifanarmoramotorbreaks,itcanbeeasilyreplaced.''Ifyouwantedtoaddanotherarm,youcouldjustaddthreeorfourmoreofthesemotors,saidleaddeveloperBenjaminKatz,'"Youcouldputthesepartstogether,almostlikeLegos.”

Theteam,whichcurrentlyhastenofthefour-leggedmachines,planstobuildadditionalunitsinotheruniversityroboticlabs."Abigpartofwhywebuiltthisrobotisthatitmakesiteasytoexperimentandjusttrycrazythings,becausetherobotisverystronganddoesn’tbreakeasily,andifitdoesbreak,it’seasyandnotveryexpensivetofix,saidKatz.

Hebelievesthatthiswillenableotherengineerstoteachtherobotsdifferentskills."Eventually,I'mhopingthatwecouldhavearoboticdogracethroughanobstaclecourse,whereeachteamcontrolsaminicheetahwithdifferentways,andwecanseewhichstrategyismoreeffective.That’showyouaccelerateresearch,”saidKatz.

Theteam'sreasonfordevelopingtherobotsextendsbeyondentertainment.Theyhopethatsomedaypacksof“cheetahs”willassistfirstrespondentswithsearchandrecoverymissionsfollowingnaturaldisasterslikeearthquakes^workalongsidefirefighters,andevenrespondtomilitaryemergencies.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheminirobot?

A.Delicate. B.Portable. C.Complex. D.Flexible.

2.Whyarecheapmaterialsusedfortheminirobot?

A.Totestitoutinotherfields. B.Toproduceitonalargescale.

C.Tomakesureit’seasytorepair. D.Tomakepeopleaffordtobuyit.

3.What’sthemainpurposeofmakingthe“cheetahs”?

A.Toreplacefirefighters. B.Toentertainpeopleinaway.

C.Tobringmoreconveniencetopeople. D.Tohelppeopleindangeroussituation.

4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary. B.Amagazine. C.Anovel. D.Aguidebook.7.DutchofficialstoastedonTuesdaytheopeningofwhatisbeingcalledtheworld’sfirst3D-printedconcretebridge,whichismeanttobeusedbycyclists.Therewasapplauseasofficialswearinghardhatsandworkmen’sjacketsrodeoverthebridgeontheirbikesattheopeningceremonyinthesoutheasterntownofGemert.“Thebridgeisnotverybig,butitwasrolledoutbyaprinterwhichmakesitunique,”TheoSalet,fromtheEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,toldDutchbroadcasterNOS.Workonprintingthebridge,whichhassome800layers,tookaboutthreemonthsafterstartinginJuneanditismadeofpre-stressedconcrete,accordingtotheuniversity.“Oneoftheadvantagesofprintingabridgeisthatmuchlessconcreteisneededthanintheconventionaltechniqueinwhichamould(泥漿)isfilled,”itsaidonitswebsite,adding“aprinterdepositstheconcreteonlywhereitisneeded.”Theeight-metre(26-foot)bridgecrossesawater-filledchanneltoconnecttworoads,anditwastestedforsafetytobearloadsofuptotwometrictonsincooperationwiththeBAMInfraConstructioncompany.Althoughdesignedforbikes,itcouldtakeupto40trucks,thedesignerssaid.“Wearelookingtothefuture,”saidtheheadofBAM,MarinusSchimmel.“3Dprintingmeantfewerrareresourceswereneededandtherewassignificantlylesswaste,”headded.TheNetherlandsisamongcountries,withtheUnitedStatesandChina,takingaleadinthecutting-edgetechnologyof3Dprinting,usingcomputersandroboticstoconstructobjectsandstructuresfromscratchwithoutusingmuchtraditionalmanpower.LastyearaDutcharchitectunveiled(揭示)aunique3Dprinterwithwhichhehopestoconstructan“endlessloop”building.AndaDutchstart-upcalledMX3Dhasbegunprintingastainless-steelbridge,ofwhichathirdisalreadycompleted.TheaimistofinishprintingbyMarchandlaythebridgeoveranAmsterdamcanalinthefuture.1.Accordingtothetext,whatmakesthebridgeunique?A.Itadopts3Dprinting. B.Itopensonlytocyclists.C.Itismadeofnewmaterial. D.Itusesmuchlessconcrete.2.AccordingtoMarinusSchimmel,thebridge___________.A.failstobearheavyloadsmoresafely B.needsnoconcreteandmouldC.isdesignedforbikesandtrucks D.iscost-efficientandeco-friendly3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.The3D-printedbridgesarealldesignedforbikes.B.3D-printedconstructionsavesmuchhumanlabor.C.UnitedStatesandChinadevelopslowlyin3Dprinting.D.Thestainless-steelbridgebyMX3Dhasbeenputintouse.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheValueofthe3DPrintingTechnologyB.TheNetherlandsLeadstheWayin3DPrintingC.World’sFirst3D-printedBridgeOpenstoCyclistsD.3DPrintingisWidelyUsedinBuildingBridges

答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(3)CDA解析：(1).考查代詞指代。依據(jù)文章第一段中的"Thetrafficsignals...By9:33am,aburstof...Lesstrafficat9:37am...changes"可以推知,that指代第一段中的多變的交通信號燈時間,故選C項。

(2).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章第四段中的"othersaresojammedthatonly...It'snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities"可知,KevinBalke認為可調(diào)整式的交通信號燈對小城市的交通改善是有用的,但對交通極度擁堵的城市而言,作用并不是特別大,故選D項。

(3).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)文章最終一段中的"theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches"可推知,從Bellevue裝可調(diào)整式交通信號燈一事上不難發(fā)覺,它的勝利在于主動嘗試新事物,故選A項。2.答案：(1)-(5)ADDCB解析：(1).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的"Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson"可知,遠程定向聲波放射器會發(fā)出一種響徹云霄的聲音,這種聲音讓人特別苦痛,會使人短暫殘疾。由此可知,這種短暫殘疾就是短暫性失聰,所以選擇A項。

(2).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的"Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves...andyourpeaceandquietcomesback"可知,SilenceMachine能避開不必要的聲音影響你,所以選擇D項。

(3).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段中的"Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a'spotsound'createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea"可知,spotsound和spotlight的共同點是它們可以被引導到一個特定的區(qū)域,所以選擇D項。

(4).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段中的"Thiscanbeusefulforbusinesses...Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining"可知,Directedsound可以用于公司為顧客供應不同的音樂,所以選擇C項。

(5).考查主旨大意。作者在第一段中拋出話題"聲音技術(shù)",并在其次、三、四段中介紹了聲音技術(shù)領域的三個產(chǎn)品。由此可知,文章主要關注的是聲音技術(shù)領域的獨創(chuàng),所以選擇B項。3.答案：CDC解析：(1).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的"thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback"和最終一段中的"Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast"可以推斷,公共電話亭回來的緣由是它們可以使人們想起某一歷史時期,故C項正確。

(2).考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段最終一句中的"thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards"可知,公共電話亭在上個世紀八十年頭退出歷史舞臺的緣由是移動電話的興起,故D項正確。

(3).考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第五段中的"laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem"、第六段中的"thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole"以及第七段中的"openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2024"可以推斷,公共電話亭受到大家歡迎的主要緣由在于其變更了的作用和功能,故C項正確。4.答案：1.D;2.C;3.B;4.C

解析：1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句話“Itwillhelpu