譯林牛津暑期講義新小六第19講能力提升閱讀首字母完形學(xué)案

課程主題：能力提升：閱讀&完形&首字母填空學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)提升閱讀能力題型解題思路及能力。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【課前檢測(cè)】根據(jù)首字母提示填空。

ThisisPeter’sroom.It’saveryn_________room.Therearetwomaps(地圖)o_____thewall(墻).Oneisamapo_______China,andtheotherisamapofWorld(世界).There‘sadeskinf______ofthewindow.There’saclockonit.Neartheclock,there’sag________.Therei_____someteainit.Therearetwopensandsomebookso_______thedesktoo.Onthefloorthere’sachairandafootballunderit.Peters_____inhisroomandhel_______hisroomverymuch.完型填空There1threetreesnearthetwins’house.Thereisonebigtree,andtwosmalltrees.2thebigtree,thereisabird.Canthebirdsing?Yes,it3.What’sthatunderthebigtree?It’sacat.“Iwant4food,”thinksthecat.“It’stime5tea,MrBird,e6,please.”Saysthecat.“Nottoday,thankyou.”Says7bird,“You8catchmetoday.Goodbye!”（）1.A.areB.is C.am（）2.A.At B.In C.On（）3.A.can B.does C.is（）4.A.any B.an C.some（）5.A.for B.to C.drink（）6.A.here B.down C.up（）7.A.the B.a C.one（）8.A.aren’t B.can’t C.don’t閱讀理解I’mastudentinClassFour,GradeThree.MynameisMary.I’mnine.Mytwinbrother’snameisLiMao.Andweareinthesameschool,andinthesamegrade,butheisinClassThree.Wearegoodstudents.Ihaveagoodfriend.IcallherMissYingYing.DoyouthinkcallherMissYingYing.DoyouthinkYingYingisagoodgirl?No,you’rewrong.Sheisn’tagirl,butacat.Sheistwoyearsold,butshelooksthesameashermother.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。

（）1.Mytwin_____nameis______.

Abrother’s;LiWeiB.sister’s;LiMaoC.brother’s;LiMao（）2.Weareinthesame_____andinthesame____.A.school;gradeB.school;classC.grade;class（）3.MygoodfriendMissYingYingisa_____.

A.girlB.catC.dog（）4.Iam______yearsold.

A.tenB.nineC.nineteen（）5.MissYingYingis______hermother.

A.notthesameasB.notlikeC.thesameas【課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理】一、首字母填空1.通讀短文知大意，看整體全面了解來(lái)源：與閱讀理解題和其它類型的完形填空一樣，首先要通讀短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之間必然承上啟下、前呼后應(yīng)。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)。因此，在解題之前通讀一遍短文，目的是對(duì)文章有個(gè)全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2.復(fù)讀短文抓信息，前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文，目的是對(duì)短文有更進(jìn)一步的了解。在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開頭(一般不設(shè)空)和結(jié)尾，它們能提供主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在閱讀過(guò)程中，要注意上、下文的關(guān)系，這對(duì)于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外，要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀，即對(duì)不理解的地方采用暫時(shí)回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解決的方法。有些短文填空題，有時(shí)出現(xiàn)約3%~5%的生詞是很正常的，這就要求學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)或上、下文的意思加以猜測(cè)，來(lái)確定它的詞義。3.反復(fù)推敲多分析，慎重答題講合理再次通讀短文，對(duì)留空的句子進(jìn)行全面的分析，看它在全文中所處的位置、作用和意義。這一遍閱讀要求是精心閱讀，要留心找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，還要結(jié)合所給首字母的提示，進(jìn)行填寫，并注意單詞的正確形式。4.認(rèn)真復(fù)查全文，把握整體和詞形來(lái)源：做完以后，再認(rèn)真讀一遍，檢查所填寫的單詞是否與文章要求相符，文章是否通順，前后是否呼應(yīng)，有無(wú)句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。從實(shí)際中看，很多學(xué)生能夠充分利用詞首字母和短文內(nèi)容填寫單詞，但是，問(wèn)題往往出現(xiàn)在單詞的形式變化上。比如填q，要求填寫quickly，而多數(shù)考生只知道填寫quick，忽略了詞性問(wèn)題。因此，深思熟慮很重要。根據(jù)首字母提示填空。

Wele(歡迎)toourschool.Letm______showyoua_______.Therearemanyc_______onthefirstfloor.Theyareverybright(明亮的)andb__________.Westudyintheseclassrooms.Wearehappyeveryday.Thereisa_______artroomonthef_______floor.Wehaveartl________init.There’saputerroom,t_______.Therearemanyc_________init.Onthet______floor,there’sal________.Wecanreadbooksinit.根據(jù)首字母提示填空。

Helen,looka______thispicture.Thisisapictureo______aclassroom.Inthepictureyoucanseechairsa_______desks.Ontheblackboard,youcanseeatree.Amapisb________thedoor.Theroomisdifferent(不同的)frommyclassroom.U________thedesk,thereisafootball,butyoucan’tseeit.Theboyinthecapismyf_______,Jack.Youdon’tknowtheboy.Heisan________student.Heisa_______American.HelookslikeKate.Buttheyarenott________.完型填空通讀全文知大意重視首句獲信息重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通常是不設(shè)空的，目的是給同學(xué)們一個(gè)整體印象，同時(shí)提示短文的中心內(nèi)容或提供故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等。全面考慮定選項(xiàng)整體理解短文、把握中心并根據(jù)文中線索（含體裁、時(shí)態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法線索、社會(huì)文化線索、上下文線索等）由易到難地做出選擇。［注］不要試圖從頭至尾地去解答完形填空題。有的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在短文的其他地方有較為明確的提示，甚至原封不動(dòng)地重現(xiàn)。復(fù)讀全文驗(yàn)答案把填充后的短文反復(fù)閱讀一兩遍（甚至多遍），逐一檢查、校對(duì)所選答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并確保沒(méi)有不符合語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的選項(xiàng)。［注］很多同學(xué)做完形填空題存在一個(gè)誤區(qū)，把很多的時(shí)間放到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的比較上，這會(huì)降低解題效率。正確做法應(yīng)是：順藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重點(diǎn)讀第一句。瞻前顧后，在文章空格的上下文處，你覺(jué)得這個(gè)地方需要什么詞，帶著這個(gè)目的到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里找。顧全大局，做一道題時(shí)應(yīng)該在段落里面理解一句話。認(rèn)清細(xì)節(jié)，比如考固定搭配的題。Mr.Johnsonhadafactory.Heonce1onTVthatanimalscouldbetaughtto2someworkforpeopleiftheyweregiven3toeat.Helovedtheidea.Hethoughtitwouldbe4tohaveadoglookafterhis5andanelephantdosomeheavyjobs6hisfactory.Heboughtadog7anelephantinthemarketanddecidedtoteachthemtodosomeworkforhim.Ofcourse.he8boughtalotoffoodforthem.Severalmonthslater，thedogandtheelephant9fatterandfatter，butthey10doanyworkforhim.Atlast，Mr.Johnsonhadtogiveup.1.A.sawB.askedC.met2.A.makeB.doC.1et3.A.someoneB.nothingC.something4.A.badB.goodC.1ate5.A.houseB.shirtC.eyes6.A.inB.aboveC.under7.A.butB.orC.and8.A.alsoB.neverC.yet9.A.smeltB.soundedC.became10.A.mustn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’t閱讀理解技巧1.先通讀全文再答題，或先看看需要完成的任務(wù)再讀全文。2.注意培養(yǎng)孩子根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力。3.認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀文章，掌握文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容以及與之有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。

閱讀理解一般分為故事幽默類、說(shuō)明、科普類等。1.故事幽默類一般前面都在為幽默做鋪墊，只有讀到最后才能顯現(xiàn)出幽默之出來(lái)。這類短文一般難度不大，認(rèn)真閱讀，仔細(xì)選擇，問(wèn)題都可以解決，如WriteaLettertoMary,ADirtyBoy,OntheBus等

2.小學(xué)的說(shuō)明,科普類短文都十分淺顯,只要具備一點(diǎn)科普常識(shí)都會(huì)讀懂的,如Time,theSpringFestival等,即使文章較長(zhǎng),問(wèn)題也十分明顯，從文中都能找到答案.例題

Sun:Hello,I’mthesun.I’mstrong.Igivelighttotheearth.I’mNo.1.

Moon:Hello,I’mthemoon.AtnightGivelighttotheearth.I’mstronger.I’mNo.1

Sun:Yourlightisfromme,isn’tit?

Cloud:Don’tquarrel.WhenIamovertheearth,youcan’tgivelighttotheearth.Soeveryonehashisstrongpoint.Weareonefamily.

SunMoon:Yes,you’reright.Weareonefamily.Weshouldhelpeachotherandtakecareofeachother.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正(T)誤(F)

(

)1.Thesungiveslighttotheearthatnight.

(

)2.Themoongiveslighttotheearthatnight.

(

)3.Thesun’slightisnotfromtheearth.

(

)4.Whenthecloudisovertheearth,thesuncangivelighttotheearth,too.

(

)5.Theyshouldhelpeachother.

基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇答案。

（一）

Samisverygoodatschool,butheisnotclean.Hisfaceandhandsareoftendirty.Hewashesthemwithwateronly.Hedoesnotusesoap(肥皂).

Samhasanuncle.Onedayhisunclegoestoseehim.Helooksathimandsays,“Sam,Iknowwhatyouateforbreakfastthismorning.”

“What?”Samlooksathisuncleandsays.

“Eggs”sayshisuncle,“Yourfaceandmouthtellmethat.”

“Youarewrong,uncle!”saysSam,“Nottodayoryesterday,butthedaybeforeyesterday(前天)!”

(

)1.WhoisSam?

A.HeisEnglish.B.Heisastudent.CHeisayoungpioneer.DHeisateacher.

(

)2.What’stheChinesefor“dirty”?

A.It’s“臟的“.B.It’s“干凈的”

C.It’s“壞的“D.It’s“好的”

(

)3.What’sonSam’sfaceandmouth?

A.Eggs.B.SoapC.WaterD.Bread

(

)4.Whichoftheseisnotwrong?

A.Samdoesn’twashhisfaceandhandseveryday.

B.Theunclethinkstheboyateeggslastmorning.

C.Samdoesn’tlikeeggsatall.

D.Samdoesn’tknowhisuncle.

（二）

Hen(母雞):Thereissomericehere.Eatitlikethis,mychildren.

Chickens:Likethis,Mother?

Hen:Yes,that’sright,good.

Eagle(鷹):Therearesomechickenshere.Iwanttoeatthem.

Hen:Don’tworry,mychildren.Letmedowithit.

Eagle:Canyouletmeeatsomechickens,Mrs.Hen?

Hen:No,youcan’t.Thereisahunter(獵人)nearhere.

Eagle:Imustgonow.

Hen:Let’sgohome,mychildren.

Chickens:Allright.

(

)1.Thechickenlikestoeatthe____.

A.hen

B.rice

C.chicken

D.hischildren

(

)2.Thehen_____lookafterherchildren.

A.can

B.can’tC.isD.isn’t(

)3.______savesthechickens.

A.hunter

B.ThehenC.TheeagleD.Aman(

)4.Theeaglecan’teat_____atlast.

A.chickensB.goC.thehunterD.thehen【課堂練習(xí)】首字母Ihavesixsilkworms.Theyares_______andwhite.Theyhavemanylegs.Iputt_____ontheleaves.Theye______theleaves.Afterafewdays,theygrowandgrow.Theyare_____.Theyhaveal_____ofleaveseveryday.Theym_____alotofsilktoo.NowIhavefivesilkwormc_____.Fivemothseout.Theyhavew_______.Theycanlayeggs.完型填空J(rèn)imismyclassmate.Heisanew_1_.HeisanAmericanboy.HeisfromNewYork.Heisfat.He_2_around(圓的)faceand__38bigblueeyes.JimspeaksEnglish,he_3speakalittleChinese,too.Helikesplaying4basketball.Ilikeplayingbasketballtoo.Weoftenplay_5together.Afterschoolweoftengotothepark.Sometimeswe6houseworkathome.JimandIlike7tomusic.Musicisourgoodfriend.()1.A.student B.teacher C.worker()2.A.have B.has C.is ()3.A.one B.two C.three ()4.A.can’t B.should C.can()5.A./ B.the C.a ()6.A.baseball B.basketball C.football ()7.A.help B.make C.do ()8A.learning B.listening C.singing閱讀填空VanandTedaretwinbrothers.Theylookthesame.TheyareEnglish.Theyareeleven.TheyareinNo.15MiddleSchool.TheyarenewstudentsinClassOne,GradeOne.VansitsinRowOne.TedsitsinRowThree.()1.VanandTedare.A.twinsbrothersB.twinbrotherC.twinbrothers()2.Theyare.A.EnglishB.AmericanC.Chinese()3.Theyare.A.tenB.elevenC.twelve()4.Theyarestudents.A.newB.oldC.good()5.TedsitsRowThree.A.onB.inC.at【課堂回顧】回顧課上老師所講的知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)述。完形填空做題步驟有哪些？閱讀理解技巧有哪些？【課后作業(yè)】課后鞏固首字母Maryg_____upatsixo’clocke_____morning.Athalfp_____six,shee______breakfast.Sher_____herbicycletoschoolat7:10.Shehasfourlessonsinthemorningandtwolessonsintheafternoon.Shegoesh_____atfiveo’clock.Shehassupperatsixinthee______.Thensheh_____hermotherwashdishes.“You’reagoodgirl,”saysMum.Sheg____tobedat9:00.完型填空LiLeiisamiddleschoolstudent.Heisagoodboy.UncleWulives1him.UncleWuhas2childrenandhecan’tsee3.HeworksinthefactorynearLiLei’sschool.Hegoestoworkat7:30inthemorningand4homeat4:30intheafternoon.LiLeigoestoschoolat8:00inthemorningandeshomeatthe5timeasUncleWuintheafternoon.6weekdaysLiLeigetsupearlytotakeUncleWu7thefactory.AfterschoolhetakesUncleWuhome.OnSundaysLiLeihelpsUncleWu8thehouseanddosome9.UncleWuthanksLiLeiverymuch.Hesays,“LiLeiisagoodboy.He10myson.”()1.A.nextto B.next C.nearly D.besides()2.A.not B.notone C.no D.nobody()3.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.every()4.A.goes B.e