江西省景德鎮(zhèn)市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

景德鎮(zhèn)市2023-2024學(xué)年度下學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)卷高二英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生在答題卡上務(wù)必將自己的姓名、班級(jí)填寫(xiě)清楚。2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)，在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inaclassroom.B．Inagallery.C．Inalibrary.2．Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A．Takingadeepbreath.B．Writingwordsoncards.C．Memorizingthespeech.3．Howlonghasthewomanbeencoughing?A．Forthreemonths.B．Fortwomonths.C．Foramonth.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A．He’ssmartforhisage.B．He’sunwillingtostudy.C．He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.5．Whichisusuallytheman’sbestsubject?A．English.B．Physics.C．Maths.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhydoesSaramakethephonecall?A．Toaskforadvice.B．Toarrangeanouting.C．Tocancelanappointment.7．WhatdoesDavidwanttodo?A．Gotoadinnerparty.B．TalktoSarainperson.C．Workonthenewcase.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Whereisthewomannow?A．Athome.B．Atastore.C．Inataxi.9．Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbringbesidesacanvasbag?A．Anumbrella.B．Aplasticbag.C．Ahat.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．What.gradeinschoolisSamin?A．Freshman.B．Sophomore.C．Graduate.11．Whatistheman’smajor?A．French.B．BusinessAdministration.C．Arts.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutSam?A．Heplanstobeanexchangestudent.B．Hedoesn’tlikehismajor.C．HewillmovetoFrance.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．WhatmadeTonybecomeinterestedinsculpture?A．Acourseinart.B．Aphotoofasculpture.C．Apaintingbyhisfather.14．WhatdidTonyfinddifficultabouttheartcourse?A．Usingthespecialtools.B．Learningthehistoryofsculpture.C．Choosingtherightmaterials.15．HowdidTonyfeelabouthisfirstexhibition?A．Embarrassed.B．Concerned.C．Satisfied.16．WhatisTonyworkingonatthemoment?A．Asculptureofaperson.B．Asculptureofabuilding.C．Asculptureofananimal.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whichcanbestdescribeatensionheadache?A．Itcausesseverepain.B．Itoccursrepeatedly.C．Itlastsoveramonth.18．Whichisasignoftensionheadaches?A．Apainatthebackofthehead.B．IncreasedbloodpressureC．Lossofpatience.19．Whatisthecauseofreboundheadaches?A．Stressfulevents.B．Tensioninthemuscles.C．Toomuchuseofpainmedicine.20．Whyisaheadachediaryhelpfulforthetreatment?A．Ithelpsonefindthecauseofhisheadaches.B．Itremindsonetotakemedicineontime.C．Ithelpsremoveconstantpain.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AArtgalleriesyoucanvisitforfreewithyourParisPassCentrePompidouNormally€7.00Wednesday-Monday:11AM-10PMCentrePompidouisamust-seeattractionwhenyou’revisitingParis.Featuringlate19th-20thcenturyart,themuseumhascollectionofover50,000works,includingmovementsfromFauvism,Cubism,SurrealismandAbstractExpressionism.MuséeGustaveMoreauNormally€13.00Wednesday-Monday:10AM-6PMMuséeGustaveMoreauwasdesignedbythepainterhimselfandincludeshisprivateapartmentandthelargegalleryhebuilttodisplayhiswork.Theapartmentispreservedexactlyasitwas100yearsago.Muséedel’OrangerieNormally€9.00Wednesday-Monday:9AM-6PMThemuseumisbestknownforitsassociationwiththefamousImpressionistpainterClaudeMonetandhisWaterLiliesseriesofpaintings.Beforeitwasanartgalleryhousingsomeofthemostfamouspiecesinhistory,Muséedel’Orangeriewasusedasastorehouseandahomeformobilizedsoldiers.Muséed’OrsayNormally€14.00Tuesday-Sunday:9:30AM-6PMMuséed’Orsaywasanoldturn-of-the-centuryrailwaystationthatwasbuiltonthesiteofthePalaisd’Orsay.ExemplifyingthearchitectureoftheBeaux-Artsmovement,Muséed’OrsayisoneofParis’mostpopularartgalleriesandhousesartandsculpturefrom1848to1915.1.HowmuchistheadmissiontoCentrePompidouwithoutaParisPass?A.€7.00. B.€9.00. C.€13.00. D.€14.00.2.WherecanvisitorsenjoyaseriesofMonet’sWaterLilies?A.CentrePompidou. B.MuséeGustaveMoreau.C.Muséedel’Orangerie. D.Muséed’Orsay.3.WhatwastheoriginaluseofMuséed’Orsay?A.Anartgallery. B.Astorehouse.C.Arailwaystation. D.Apersonalapartment.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了可以使用巴黎通行證免費(fèi)參觀的美術(shù)館的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CentrePompidou部分“Normally€7.00(通常為7歐元)”可知，沒(méi)有巴黎通行證的話(huà)，去CentrePompidou需要花7歐元。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Muséedel’Orangerie部分“ThemuseumisbestknownforitsassociationwiththefamousImpressionistpainterClaudeMonetandhisWaterLiliesseriesofpaintings.(該博物館以其與著名印象派畫(huà)家克勞德·莫奈及其《睡蓮》系列畫(huà)作的聯(lián)系而聞名)”可知，游客在Muséedel’Orangerie可以欣賞到莫奈的《睡蓮》系列。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Muséed’Orsay部分“Muséed’Orsaywasanoldturn-of-the-centuryrailwaystationthatwasbuiltonthesiteofthePalaisd’Orsay.(奧賽博物館是一座世紀(jì)之交的古老火車(chē)站，建在奧賽宮的舊址上)”可知，奧賽博物館最初是一座火車(chē)站。故選C。BWhen12-year-oldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.Shewasjustakidhelping20adultstakecareofthebeach.SheandherfamilyhadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniafromasmalltowninMexico.EricastartedgoingdoortodoorinhermainlySpanish-speakingfarmworkercommunity.“Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”Ericacaredtoomuchtostaysilent.HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.“Wegrewourownfoodandraisedourownanimals.Takingcareofnaturewaspartofsurvival.”ShewantedtobringthatsamespirittohernewlifeinCalifornia.AsherEnglishimproved,shetalkedtokidsinherhighschoolaboutwhatwasgoingon.“Ididn’tknowiftheywouldlistentome.MyEnglishwasn’tgoodandIwasonlysixteen,”shesays.Asshenervouslyapproachedthemicrophone,shewasinformedthattimewasrunningout.Oneminuteandthirtysecondswasallshehad.“Icouldn’tgivemypreparedspeech,soIjustspokefrommyheart.”Theresultwaselectrifying.WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.Oneoftheteacherssaid,“I’mverymovedbyyourwords,Erica.WhenIwasyourage,Iwasplayingvideogames.”O(jiān)nlythesecondpersoninherfamilytogotocollege,Ericawantstobecomeanenvironmentallawyersoshecanfightfortheenvironmentandfortherightsofcommunities.Shewantsotheryoungpeopletospeakoutwhentheyseesomethingwrong,eveniftheyfeelshyaboutitatfirst.“Wearethefuture.Thefutureisours.”4.WhydidtheauthormentionErica’swordsinParagraph2?A.Toshowgratitudetoheraction. B.Toadvocatelearningfromher.C.Toclarifythereasonforherhelp. D.Tothinkhighlyofherdevotion.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutErica?A.Shewastheonlycollegestudentinherfamily.B.ShevolunteeredtocleanupthegarbageonSpanishbeaches.C.ShespentherchildhoodinasmalltowninMexico.D.Shecouldn’tspeakeitherEnglishorSpanishinCalifornia.6.WhatdoweknowaboutErica’sspeech?A.Thedevicedisturbedherperformance.B.Theaudiencewasgreatlyencouraged.C.Itaffectedpeople’sattitudetoplayinggames.D.Ericaexpressedherinnerthoughtsfluently.7.Fromwhichisthistextmostprobablytaken?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Ahealthreport.C.Ascientificwebsite. D.Anenvironmentalmagazine.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是主人公EricaFernandez志愿清理海灘垃圾的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的““Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”(“我一直很喜歡海洋，”她說(shuō)，“所以看到這個(gè)美麗的海灘上到處都是垃圾，我真的很難過(guò)。這就是我決定幫忙的原因?！?”可知，Erica看到美麗的海灘到處都是垃圾，她感到很難過(guò)，所以決定幫忙清理海灘，由此可知，她的話(huà)告知了自己行為的原因。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.(她在墨西哥Michoacán州的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大，有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)去關(guān)心自然。)”可知，她在墨西哥的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresultwaselectrifying.(結(jié)果令人振奮。)”以及“WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.(當(dāng)Erica講完時(shí)，人們站起來(lái)，爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。)”可知，演講令人振奮，且演講結(jié)束后，人們站起來(lái)鼓掌，由此可知，此次演講很成功，人們受到鼓舞并起立鼓掌。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“When12-year-oldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.(當(dāng)12歲的EricaFernandez在她的新家鄉(xiāng)加州奧克斯納德志愿幫助清理海灘時(shí)，她幾乎不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。)”以及下文中的介紹的她為了清理海灘所作出的努力可知，本文主要講述的是主人公志愿清理海灘垃圾的故事，屬于環(huán)境保護(hù)類(lèi)話(huà)題，由此可知推斷，本文有可能會(huì)出自環(huán)境雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。CTraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.The“NewDragonGateInn”ShaoxingOperadrawsinspirationfromtheclassicmartialartsfilmofthesamename.ThestoryissetagainstthebackdropoftheMingDynasty(1368-1644)andtellsthetaleofmartialartsheroesencounteringskilledagentsofthetraitorsattheDragonGateInnlocatedinavastdesert.ShaoxingOpera,thesecondmostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas,originatedfromsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Ithasauniqueformofstorytellingthatcombinesclassicalsinging,dancingandactingintoone.Likemanyclassicalartforms,itfaceddecreasinginterestfromyoungeraudiencesuntilthegroundbreaking“NewDragonGateInn”brokethespell.Theplotbreaksawayfromthetraditionalfocusonthelovestoriesandexploresthethemeofthemartialworld.What’smore,theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction,successfullygeneratingwidespreadattention.Thesuccessof“NewDragonGateInn”comesnotonlyfromthecharmoftheworkitself,butalsofromtheculturalheritageandartisticconfidenceoftheShaoxingOperagenre.“Today,weareputtingingreateffortstomakeShaoxingOperamoreaccessibleandrelatabletotheyoungergeneration.Thisisapositivestepintherevivalofthisancientart,”saidXuYena,whoactsintheshowasthelandladyoftheinn.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hit”inparagraph1probablymean?A.knock B.success C.click D.reach9.WhatdoweknowaboutShaoxingOpera?A.ItisthemostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas.B.ItoriginatedformthesouthernpartofChina.C.It’sdoomedtodiebecauseofdecreasinginterestfromyoungeraudiences.D.Itfocusonthelovestories.10.Whatmakes“NewDragonGateInn”morepopular?A.ItinnovateshowsecretpassagesaresetinaShaoxingOpera.B.Theplotdoesnotcontainthetraditionallovestories.C.Theplotisgroundbreakingintermofitsmartialartsperformance.D.Theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ShaoxingOpera“NewDragonGateInn”WowsAudienceB.TheInfluenceofMartialWorldonChineseOperaC.ANewEraofModernCinema:“NewDragonGateInn”FilmD.TheEvolutionofTraditionalChinesePerformances【答案】8B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了越劇《新龍門(mén)客?！贰！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線(xiàn)詞句前文“TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.(近年來(lái)，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲曲煥發(fā)了新的活力，經(jīng)常以壯觀的表演爆發(fā)，展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的藝術(shù)實(shí)力。)”說(shuō)明近年來(lái)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲曲發(fā)展蓬勃，表演很壯觀，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€(xiàn)詞句“AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,‘NewDragonGateInn’,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.(由浙江最著名的越劇團(tuán)之一小白花演出的沉浸式越劇《新龍門(mén)客?！穐it。)”其中劃線(xiàn)詞應(yīng)為“一炮而紅”的意思，與B項(xiàng)同義。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ShaoxingOpera,thesecondmostpopularofalltraditionalChineseoperas,originatedfromsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(越劇是中國(guó)第二大流行的傳統(tǒng)戲劇，起源于長(zhǎng)江以南。)”可知，越劇起源于中國(guó)的南部。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“What’smore,theyoungteamincorporatesshortvideosintotheproduction,successfullygeneratingwidespreadattention.(更重要的是，這個(gè)年輕的團(tuán)隊(duì)將短視頻融入到制作中，成功地引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。)”可知，年輕的團(tuán)隊(duì)將短視頻融入到制作中，這使《新龍門(mén)客?！犯軞g迎。故選D項(xiàng)。11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalizedinrecentyears,frequentlybreakingoutwithspectacularperformancesandshowingstrongartisticprowess.AnimmersiveShaoxingOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,performedbyXiaoBaiHua,oneofthemostremarkableShaoxingOperatroupesfromZhejiangProvince,hasemergedasaphenomenalhit.(近年來(lái)，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲曲煥發(fā)了新的活力，經(jīng)常以壯觀的表演爆發(fā)，展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的藝術(shù)實(shí)力。由浙江最著名的越劇團(tuán)之一小白花演出的沉浸式越劇《新龍門(mén)客?！芬慌诙t。)”可知，本篇文章主要介紹了受歡迎的越劇《新龍門(mén)客?！?，A項(xiàng)“越劇《新龍門(mén)客?！敷@艷全場(chǎng)”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DWe’veallheardtheage-oldadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday.Butifyoufallshort,don’tworry:Thatadviceisprobablywronganyway.That’saccordingtonewresearch.whichfoundthatformosthealthyadults,thereisnorealbenefittodrinkingeightcupsofwateraday.Theadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateradaycomesfroma1945recommendationfromtheFoodandNutritionBoardoftheNationalResearchCouncil,whichencouragedadultstoconsumeabout64ouncesofwaterdaily.Therecommendationreferredtoaperson’stotaldailyintakeofwater,includingfromalltheirfoodsanddrinks,butitwaswidelymisinterpretedtomeanthatpeopleshoulddrink8-ounceglassesofwatereveryday.Toseehowmuchwaterpeoplereallyneed,HermanPontzer,aprofessoratDukeUniversityandhisco-authorsanalyzeddataon5,600people.Theparticipantsweretrackedwithagold-standardtechniquecalled“doublylabeledwater”,whichuseswaterlacedwithtracersthatcanbeusedtotrackthebody’sproductionofcarbondioxide,allowingtheresearcherstogetprecisemeasurementsoftheparticipants’dailyenergyconsumption.Theresearchersdeterminedhowmuchwatertheparticipantslostandreplacedeachday.ameasurementknownaswaterturnover(水周轉(zhuǎn)率).Theyfoundthataperson’sdailywaterturnoverwaslargelydeterminedbytheirsizeandtheirlevelofbodyfat,whichcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.Themore“fat-free”massapersonhas,themorewatertheyneed.Theresearchshowedthathowmuchwateryouneedchangesoveryourlifetime.Ingeneral,ourwaterneedspeakbetweentheagesof20and50andthendeclineinparallelwiththeslowingdownofourmetabolisms(新陳代謝).Sohowmuchwatershouldyoudrink?Theanswerissimple:Drinkwhenyou’rethirsty.Prioritizewater,andtrytoavoidsugarydrinks,whichcancausemetabolicproblems.“Ifyou’repayingattentiontoyourbodyanddrinkingwhenyoufeellikeyouneedto,thenyoushouldbefine,”P(pán)ontzersaid.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.13.WhatcanbeknownabouttheresearchconductedbyPontzer?A.Itwasconductedin1945.B.Ittrackedparticipants’dailywaterturnover.C.Itstudiedparticipants’feelingsaboutdrinkingwater.D.Itfoundthatbodyfatcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.14.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Whenpeoplegetolder,theyshoulddrinkmorewater.B.Drinking64ouncesofwaterperdayisbeneficialtopeople.C.Whenpeoplehavemoremuscles,theyneedrelativelymorewater.D.Drinkingwaterwithsugarcanhelpimprovemetabolism.15.Whichisthebestwaytodeterminehowmuchwatertodrink?A.Byfollowingtheadviceofexperts.B.Bydrinkingasmuchwateraspossible.C.Bypayingattentiontoone’sbodyanddrinkingwhenthirsty.D.Bymeasuringone’swaterturnover.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章討論了關(guān)于每天需要飲用八杯水這一常見(jiàn)建議的正確性，并基于新的研究提出了不同的觀點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“We’veallheardtheage-oldadvicetodrinkeightcupsofwateraday.Butifyoufallshort,don’tworry:Thatadviceisprobablywronganyway.That’saccordingtonewresearch.whichfoundthatformosthealthyadults,thereisnorealbenefittodrinkingeightcupsofwateraday.(我們都聽(tīng)過(guò)一個(gè)古老的建議：每天喝八杯水。但如果你做不到，不要擔(dān)心：這個(gè)建議可能是錯(cuò)誤的。這是根據(jù)新的研究得出的結(jié)論。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于大多數(shù)健康的成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，每天喝八杯水并沒(méi)有真正的好處。)”可知，作者首先提到“那個(gè)建議可能本來(lái)就是錯(cuò)誤的”，然后基于新的研究成果解釋了為什么這樣說(shuō)。這表明作者對(duì)“每天喝八杯水”的常見(jiàn)建議持批判態(tài)度。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Toseehowmuchwaterpeoplereallyneed,HermanPontzer,aprofessoratDukeUniversityandhisco-authorsanalyzeddataon5,600people.Theparticipantsweretrackedwithagold-standardtechniquecalled“doublylabeledwater”,whichuseswaterlacedwithtracersthatcanbeusedtotrackthebody’sproductionofcarbondioxide,allowingtheresearcherstogetprecisemeasurementsoftheparticipants’dailyenergyconsumption.(為了了解人們到底需要多少水，杜克大學(xué)教授HermanPontzer和他合著者分析了5600人的數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員使用一種被稱(chēng)為“雙標(biāo)簽水”的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)對(duì)參與者進(jìn)行跟蹤，這種技術(shù)使用摻入了示蹤劑的水，可以用來(lái)跟蹤身體產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳，從而使研究人員能夠精確測(cè)量參與者的日常能量消耗。)”可知，Pontzer的研究追蹤了參與者的每日水周轉(zhuǎn)率，即參與者每天失去和補(bǔ)充多少水。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theresearchersdeterminedhowmuchwatertheparticipantslostandreplacedeachday.ameasurementknownaswaterturnover（水周轉(zhuǎn)率）.Theyfoundthataperson’sdailywaterturnoverwaslargelydeterminedbytheirsizeandtheirlevelofbodyfat,whichcontainslesswaterthanmuscleandotherorgans.Themore“fat-free”massapersonhas,themorewatertheyneed.(研究人員確定了參與者每天損失和補(bǔ)充的水量。一種被稱(chēng)為水周轉(zhuǎn)率的測(cè)量方法。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人每天的水分周轉(zhuǎn)量在很大程度上取決于他們的體型和體脂水平，而體脂所含的水分比肌肉和其他器官要少。一個(gè)人的“無(wú)脂肪”質(zhì)量越高，他們需要的水就越多。)”可知，一個(gè)人的日常水周轉(zhuǎn)率）主要由其大小和體脂水平?jīng)Q定，而肌肉和其他器官含有更多的水。因此，當(dāng)一個(gè)人有更多的“無(wú)脂肪”質(zhì)量（即肌肉）時(shí)，他們需要更多的水。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Sohowmuchwatershouldyoudrink?Theanswerissimple:Drinkwhenyou’rethirsty.(那么你應(yīng)該喝多少水呢？答案很簡(jiǎn)單：口渴的時(shí)候喝水。)”以及““Ifyou’repayingattentiontoyourbodyanddrinkingwhenyoufeellikeyouneedto,thenyoushouldbefine,”P(pán)ontzersaid.(“如果你關(guān)注自己的身體，在你覺(jué)得需要的時(shí)候喝酒，那么你應(yīng)該沒(méi)事，”P(pán)ontzer說(shuō)。)”可知，確定應(yīng)該喝多少水的最佳方法是通過(guò)關(guān)注自己的身體并在口渴時(shí)喝水。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nearlyeverythingwedocontributestoourcarbonfootprint.___16___Salesofelectricbikes,ore-bikes,areontherise.In2021,880,000e-bikesweresoldintheU.S.,comparedwith608,000electriccarsandtrucks.That’supfrom450,000c-bikesalesin2020.E-bikeshavethesamecomponentsastraditionalbicycles:frames,seats,handlebars,andwheels.___17___Thespeedofanon-electricbikereliesontherider’sphysicalstrengthandendurance.Casualcyclistscanpedalat10to14milesperhour,dependingontheterrainandweightofthebikeandrider.___18___Somemodelshaveapedal(腳踏板)assistsystemwithamotortoamplifypedalingpower,whileothershaveathrottleanddon’trequirepedaling.Themaxspeedane-bikecanreachis28milesperhour,whichiscomparabletomopedspeeds,thusrequiringmoresafetyprecautionsthantraditionalbikes.Thepedalassistone-bikescanencourageriderstobikefartherandmoreoftenthantheywouldonatraditionalbike,leadingtomoreexerciselong-term.Thisalsomakese-bikesamultifunctionaloptionforolderridersandindividualswithdisabilitiesthatwouldotherwisepreventthemfrombiking.___19______20___Whenitreplacestripsmadebyacar,anindividuale-bikecanreduceCO2emissionsby225kilogramseachyear.That’sequivalenttotheemissionsproducedbyonepassengerflyingeconomyfromPhiladelphiatoChicago.A.E-bikesalsoneedpublicstorageandchargingstations.B.Theydifferintheirpowerandspeed.C.Somewomenchosee-bikesbecausetheymakethemfeelsafer,researchsays.D.Energyrecoveryisonecommonmethod.E.E-bikesarefueledbybatteries,makingthemheavier.F.Butatwo-wheeledsolutioniszippingthroughtheworldat20milesanhour.G.E-bikesareapowerfultoolontheroadtosustainability.【答案】16.F17.B18.E19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了電動(dòng)車(chē)的特點(diǎn)、功能、對(duì)環(huán)保的貢獻(xiàn)以及它們與傳統(tǒng)自行車(chē)的區(qū)別?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Nearlyeverythingwedocontributestoourcarbonfootprint.(我們所做的幾乎每一件事都會(huì)增加我們的碳足跡)”可知，空前提到幾乎每件事都會(huì)增加我們的碳足跡。選項(xiàng)F“Butatwo-wheeledsolutioniszippingthroughtheworldat20milesanhour.(但一種兩輪的解決方案正以每小時(shí)20英里的速度在世界各地飛馳)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，同時(shí)引出下文“Salesofelectricbikes,ore-bikes,areontherise.(電動(dòng)自行車(chē)的銷(xiāo)量正在上升)”指出電動(dòng)車(chē)正是減少碳足跡的解決方法。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“E-bikeshavethesamecomponentsastraditionalbicycles:frames,seats,handlebars,andwheels.(電動(dòng)自行車(chē)的部件與傳統(tǒng)自行車(chē)相同：車(chē)架、座椅、車(chē)把和車(chē)輪)”可知，上文提到電動(dòng)自行車(chē)和傳統(tǒng)自行車(chē)相同的地方。選項(xiàng)B“Theydifferintheirpowerandspeed(它們的力量和速度不同)”則指出兩種的不同之處。內(nèi)容上與下文的“Thespeedofanon-electricbikereliesontherider’sphysicalstrengthandendurance.(非電動(dòng)自行車(chē)的速度取決于騎自行車(chē)的人的體力和耐力)”保持一致。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Somemodelshaveapedal(腳踏板)assistsystemwithamotortoamplifypedalingpower,whileothershaveathrottleanddon’trequirepedaling.Themaxspeedane-bikecanreachis28milesperhour,whichiscomparabletomopedspeeds,thusrequiringmoresafetyprecautionsthantraditionalbikes.(一些型號(hào)有踏板輔助系統(tǒng)與電機(jī)放大踏板功率，而其他有油門(mén)，不需要踩踏板。電動(dòng)自行車(chē)的最高速度可以達(dá)到每小時(shí)28英里，與助動(dòng)車(chē)的速度相當(dāng)，因此需要比傳統(tǒng)自行車(chē)更多的安全預(yù)防措施)”可知，下文提到了電動(dòng)車(chē)一些型號(hào)有踏板輔助系統(tǒng)與電機(jī)放大踏板功率，有些有油門(mén)。選項(xiàng)E“E-bikesarefueledbybatteries,makingthemheavier.(電動(dòng)自行車(chē)由電池提供燃料，使其更重)”與下文一致，指出電動(dòng)車(chē)的動(dòng)力來(lái)源于電池。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Thisalsomakese-bikesamultifunctionaloptionforolderridersandindividualswithdisabilitiesthatwouldotherwisepreventthemfrombiking.(這也使得電動(dòng)自行車(chē)成為老年人和殘疾人的多功能選擇，否則他們就無(wú)法騎自行車(chē))”可知，上文提到老年人和殘疾人會(huì)選擇電動(dòng)車(chē)是因?yàn)槠涠喙δ苄浴６x項(xiàng)C“Somewomenchosee-bikesbecausetheymakethemfeelsafer,researchsays.(研究表明，一些女性選擇電動(dòng)自行車(chē)是因?yàn)樗齻冇X(jué)得更安全)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出女性選擇電動(dòng)車(chē)是因?yàn)槠浒踩?。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Whenitreplacestripsmadebyacar,anindividuale-bikecanreduceCO2emissionsby225kilogramseachyear.That’sequivalenttotheemissionsproducedbyonepassengerflyingeconomyfromPhiladelphiatoChicago.(當(dāng)它取代汽車(chē)時(shí)，一輛電動(dòng)自行車(chē)每年可以減少225公斤的二氧化碳排放量。這相當(dāng)于一名乘客從費(fèi)城飛往芝加哥的經(jīng)濟(jì)艙所產(chǎn)生的排放量)”可知，本段講述的是電動(dòng)車(chē)可以減少碳排量。選項(xiàng)G“E-bikesareapowerfultoolontheroadtosustainability.(電動(dòng)自行車(chē)是可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路上的有力工具)”是本段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，引出下文。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Bytheageof27,Vincenthadmadethemostimportantdecisionofhislife,tobecomeanartist.Hespenttheyearsbetween1880and1885developinghis___21___.Hehadlittlemoneyandlivedin___22___roomsallovertheNetherlands,includingtheflatagriculturallandscapeoftheDrenthe.Therehe___23___countrypeople.Hewasoftenillandmiserable,butdeterminedto___24___thisnewcareer.Afterthefailureofhisstudiesforthepriesthood,Vincentdidn’twantto___25___artformallyatanacademy.Butheknewnothingofanatomy(解剖學(xué)),thestudyofthehumanfigure,orofperspective,bywhichartistsshowasenseof___26___inworkdoneonflatpaperorcanvas.Theo,hisbrother,knewarichyoung___27___,AnthonvanRappard,whotaughtVincentperspective,and___28___himprintstocopy.Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople,___29___charcoal,crayon,ink,andwatercolor.Theoprovided____30____foroilpaint,andhebegantopaintinoils.Vincentoftentraveledtothe____31____orthecoasttodrawworkingpeople.Hewasbeginningtobelieveinhimselfasan____32____.“Diggers,sowers,planters,maleandfemale,theyarewhatIdraw____33____.Ihaveto____34____anddraweverythingthatbelongstocountrylife.”ThecompassionthatVincent____35____forpoorpeopleasapreacherwasnowchanneledintohisart.21.A.skills B.relationship C.personality D.business22.A.cheap B.empty C.messy D.dark23.A.treated B.drew C.followed D.remembered24.A.giveup B.compromiseon C.turndown D.succeedin25.A.study B.choose C.offer D.teach26.A.strength B.length C.depth D.width27.A.agent B.painter C.doctor D.farmer28.A.sold B.lent C.helped D.supported29.A.copying B.taking C.purchasing D.using30.A.canvas B.money C.house D.materials31.A.museum B.country C.gallery D.ocean32.A.musician B.guide C.lawyer D.artist33.A.continually B.carefully C.quickly D.accurately34.A.image B.memorize C.observe D.forget35.A.felt B.recognized C.moved D.praised【答案】21.A22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.B28.B29.D30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Vincent成為一名畫(huà)家的艱辛歷程?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從1880年到1885年，他花了幾年時(shí)間來(lái)提高自己的技能。A.skills技能；B.relationship關(guān)系；C.personality個(gè)性，性格；D.business商業(yè)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Vincenthadmadethemostimportantdecisionofhislife,tobecomeanartist”可知，Vincent決定成為一名藝術(shù)家，由此推知，他需要提高自己的技能。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他幾乎沒(méi)有錢(qián)，住在荷蘭各地的廉價(jià)房間里，包括德倫特平原的農(nóng)業(yè)景觀。A.cheap便宜的，廉價(jià)的；B.empty空的；C.messy凌亂的；D.dark黑暗的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Hehadlittlemoney”可知，他幾乎沒(méi)有錢(qián)，所以住在廉價(jià)房間里。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在那里畫(huà)了鄉(xiāng)下人。A.treated對(duì)待；B.drew畫(huà)；C.followed跟隨；D.remembered記住。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople”可知，Vincent畫(huà)了數(shù)百幅人物畫(huà)，由此推知，此處是指他在那里畫(huà)了鄉(xiāng)下人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他經(jīng)常生病，痛苦不堪，但決心在新的事業(yè)上取得成功。A.giveup放棄；B.compromiseon就……達(dá)成妥協(xié)；C.turndown拒絕；D.succeedin在某方面取得成功。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Hewasoftenillandmiserable,butdeterminedto”以及后文“thisnewcareer”可知，與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，他經(jīng)常生病，痛苦不堪，但決心在新的事業(yè)上取得成功。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在他的牧師學(xué)習(xí)失敗后，Vincent不想在學(xué)院正式學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。A.study學(xué)習(xí)；B.choose選擇；C.offer提供；D.teach教。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“artformallyatanacademy”可知，Vincent不想在學(xué)院正式學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他對(duì)解剖學(xué)一無(wú)所知，對(duì)人體的研究，或者透視，藝術(shù)家們?cè)谄矫婕埢虍?huà)布上完成的作品中表現(xiàn)出深度感。A.strength力量，優(yōu)勢(shì)；B.length長(zhǎng)度；C.depth深度；D.width寬度。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“inworkdoneonflatpaperorcanvas”可知，此處是指藝術(shù)家們?cè)谄矫婕埢虍?huà)布上完成的作品中表現(xiàn)出深度感。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的弟弟Theo認(rèn)識(shí)一位富有的年輕畫(huà)家AnthonvanRappard，他教Vincent透視，并借給他版畫(huà)來(lái)復(fù)制。A.agent代理人；B.painter畫(huà)家；C.doctor醫(yī)生；D.farmer農(nóng)民。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“whotaughtVincentperspective,and___8___himprintstocopy”可知，他教Vincent透視，并借給他版畫(huà)來(lái)復(fù)制，由此推知，此處是指一位年輕畫(huà)家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的弟弟Theo認(rèn)識(shí)一位富有的年輕畫(huà)家AnthonvanRappard，他教Vincent透視，并借給他版畫(huà)來(lái)復(fù)制。A.sold賣(mài)；B.lent借；C.helped幫助；D.supported支持。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Theo,hisbrother,knewarichyoung___7___,AnthonvanRappard,whotaughtVincentperspective,and”以及后文“himprintstocopy”可知，此處是指這位年輕畫(huà)家借給他版畫(huà)來(lái)復(fù)制。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Vincent用木炭、蠟筆、墨水和水彩畫(huà)了數(shù)百幅人物畫(huà)。A.copying復(fù)制；B.taking拿；C.purchasing購(gòu)買(mǎi)；D.using使用。根據(jù)常識(shí)和前文“Vincentmadehundredsofdrawingsofpeople”以及后文“charcoal,crayon,ink,andwatercolor”可知，此處是指Vincent用木炭、蠟筆、墨水和水彩畫(huà)了數(shù)百幅人物畫(huà)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Theo出錢(qián)買(mǎi)了油畫(huà)顏料，于是他開(kāi)始畫(huà)油畫(huà)。A.canvas畫(huà)布；B.money錢(qián)；C.house房子；D.materials材料。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文“foroilpaint”可知，此處是指Theo出錢(qián)買(mǎi)了油畫(huà)顏料。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Vincent經(jīng)常到鄉(xiāng)村或海岸去畫(huà)勞動(dòng)人民。A.museum博物館；B.country鄉(xiāng)村；C.gallery美術(shù)館；D.ocean海洋。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“orthecoasttodrawworkingpeople”可知，Vincent經(jīng)常到鄉(xiāng)村或海岸去畫(huà)勞動(dòng)人民。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他開(kāi)始相信自己是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。A.musician音樂(lè)家；B.guide導(dǎo)游；C.lawyer律師；D.artist藝術(shù)家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“forpoorpeopleasapreacherwasnowchanneledintohisart”可知，被引導(dǎo)到他的藝術(shù)中，由此推知，他開(kāi)始相信自己是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：挖掘者，播種者，種植者，男性和女性，他們是我不斷畫(huà)的東西。A.continually不斷地；B.carefully小心地；C.quickly快速地；D.accurately精確地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“Diggers,sowers,planters,maleandfemale,theyarewhatIdraw”可知，此處是指挖掘者，播種者，種植者，男性和女性，他們是Vincent不斷畫(huà)的東西。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我必須觀察和畫(huà)出屬于鄉(xiāng)村生活的一切。A.image想象；