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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3-2022-2023第一學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年unit2sectionC
答案:brainfunctions;lessambitious;computable;adaptneutralconnections;memoryblocks;manydifferentanglesunit2sectionBPASSAGE2
答案:ABDCAunit2sectionBPASSAGE1
答案:CDBDAunit2sectionA
答案:HAGBJIDCFEUNIT1SECTIONC
答案:goldbars;spotprice;purity;scratches;manyuniquecosts/
uniquecosts;significantaffectUNIT1SECTIONBPASSAGE1
答案:DACCA請(qǐng)將分級(jí)閱讀答案填至空格處,無(wú)需空格,如ABCDunit1sectionA
答案:EJAMKCHLFB段落翻譯
答案:Iacquiredthehabitofreadingearlyinlife.Mymother,whooncetaughtgradeschool,knowsalltoowellthatreadingisnotonlyaprincipaltooltoboostacademicperformancebutalsoplaysacriticalroleinpromotingachild'sintellectualgrowth.SheusedtoreadtomebeforeIcouldreadonmyown.AssoonasIknewenoughwords,sheassignedmeabooktoreadeveryweek.BeforeIproceededtothenextone,shewouldencouragemetosummarize,inspokenorwrittenwords,whatIhadlearnedfromit,anditwasthroughthispracticethatIexpandedmyknowledgeoftheworldandperfectedmylanguageskills.Forsometimeinmyteens,Ievenharboredanambitionofbecomingaprofessionalwriter.Overtime,readingbecamenotonlyahabitbutapassionforme,somuchsothatIendedupbeingaheadlibrarianinthecitylibrary,workingwithandamongbooksalldaylong.課后練習(xí)選詞填空
答案:insert;critical;foster;Frownfrowns;initial;phenomena;investigate;mattered;await;(10)onoccasion;(11)promote;(12)relevant;(13)valid;(14)makeupfor;(15)reliance請(qǐng)圍繞本學(xué)期大學(xué)英語(yǔ)-3課程寫(xiě)中文1000字的學(xué)習(xí)心得體會(huì)。1、可以寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)到的內(nèi)容;2、可以總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)方法;3、可以總結(jié)自己在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足;4、可以寫(xiě)對(duì)老師或課程的意見(jiàn)與建議;5、堅(jiān)決不允許抄襲,一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一律0分處理。
答案:開(kāi)放題U4SECTIONC
答案:vulnerable;physicallimitations;ruintheimage;reducedimmunesystem;collaboration;cooperationandsolidarityU4SECTIONB
答案:ACDBD;CADBDU4SECTIONA
答案:ECHDAGFBJIU3SECTIONC
答案:employers;incorporatevideoresumes;traditionalresumes;optionaltask;personality;bemindfulU3SECTIONBPASSAGE
答案:DBACC;DABCBU3SECTIONA
答案:CFDNK放不夠還可以放這里
答案:無(wú)請(qǐng)?zhí)峤粠в凶舟E的頁(yè)面照片
答案:無(wú)U6SECTIONC
答案:forcedmarriages;cameintoeffect;criminaloffence;consent;prisonsentence;additionalcrimesU6SECTIONB
答案:CABBD;BCADCU6SECTIONA
答案:FGAHJCKBIDU5SECTIONC
答案:toflowsmoothly;tradeprotectionism;tradebarriers;fastereconomicgrowth;developingcountries;extraassistanceU5SECTIONBPASSAGE
答案:CDABC;DBCBDU5SECTIONA
答案:KJIGHCBDELLearningpopularmovielinesreallyhelpsyourEnglishsound__________.
答案:authenticThepartybeganto__________aroundmidnight.
答案:breakupThismoneyisbarelyenoughformeto_________afewdays.
答案:getbyThequestionofthe_________oftheuniverseisstillhotlydebatedbyscientists.
答案:originPleasestateyouroccupationandplaceof_________.
答案:residenceHeused_______visualstogethispointacross.
答案:strikingHersymptomsaremore___________thanphysical.
答案:psychologicalMorethanhalfofAmericanworkersdon’t
alloftheirallottedvacationdayseachyear.
答案:useupTheytradeonpeople’sinsecuritytosellthem
.
答案:insuranceforjobscanbealongandpainfulprocess.
答案:ApplyingHe’snotthefirst
persontotrytobuyinfluenceandsocialstandinginacommunity.
答案:affluentTheroomwaslitteredwith_________
newspapers.
答案:discardedOnemustpayafinefor
librarybooks.
答案:overdueTherecentmurderhappenedinbroaddaylightina__________“safe”partofLondon.
答案:supposedlyNowdogscould
provideuswiththegreatestgiftofall.
答案:beabouttoTheresearchwascarriedoutona
scale.
答案:modestThemoon__________aforceontheearththatcausesthetides.
答案:exertsSectionCMatchingParagraphswithInformationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.
Richdad,poordad[A]Ihadtwofathers,arichoneandapoorone.Onewashighlyeducatedandintelligent;hehadaPh.D.andcompletedfouryearsofundergraduateworkinlessthantwoyears.HethenwentontoStanfordUniversity,theUniversityofChicago,andNorthwesternUniversitytodohisadvancedstudies,allonfullfinancialscholarships.Theotherfatherneverfinishedtheeighthgrade.[B]Bothmenweresuccessfulintheircareers,workinghardalltheirlives.Bothearnedsubstantialincomes.Yetonestruggledfinanciallyallhislife.TheotherwouldbecomeoneoftherichestmeninHawaii.Onediedleavingtensofmillionsofdollarstohisfamily,charitiesandhischurch.Theotherleftbillstobepaid.Bothmenwerestrong,charismaticandinfluential.Bothmenofferedmeadvice,buttheydidnotadvisethesamethings.Bothmenbelievedstronglyineducationbutdidnotrecommendthesamecourseofstudy.[C]IfIhadhadonlyonedad,Iwouldhavehadtoacceptorrejecthisadvice.Havingtwodadsadvisingmeofferedmethechoiceofcontrastingpointsofview;oneofarichmanandoneofapoorman.Insteadofsimplyacceptingorrejectingoneortheother,Ifoundmyselfthinkingmore,comparingandthenchoosingformyself.[D]Theproblemwas,therichmanwasnotrichyetandthepoormannotyetpoor.Bothwerejuststartingoutontheircareers,andbothwerestrugglingwithmoneyandfamilies.Buttheyhadverydifferentpointsofviewaboutthesubjectofmoney.Forexample,onedadwouldsay,"Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil."Theother,"Thelackofmoneyistherootofallevil."[E]
Asayoungboy,havingtwostrongfathersbothinfluencingmewasdifficult.Iwantedtobeagoodsonandlisten,butthetwofathersdidnotsaythesamethings.Thecontrastintheirpointsofview,particularlywheremoneywasconcerned,wassoextremethatIgrewcuriousandintrigued.Ibegantostartthinkingforlongperiodsoftimeaboutwhateachwassaying.[F]Muchofmyprivatetimewasspentreflecting,askingmyselfquestionssuchas,"Whydoeshesaythat?"andthenaskingthesamequestionoftheotherdad'sstatement.Itwouldhavebeenmucheasiertosimplysay,"Yeah,he'sright.Iagreewiththat."Ortosimplyrejectthepointofviewbysaying,"Theoldmandoesn'tknowwhathe'stalkingabout."Instead,havingtwodadswhomIlovedforcedmetothinkandultimatelychooseawayofthinkingformyself.Asaprocess,choosingformyselfturnedouttobemuchmorevaluableinthelongrun,ratherthansimplyacceptingorrejectingasinglepointofview.[G]Oneofthereasonstherichgetricher,thepoorgetpoorer,andthemiddleclassstrugglesindebtisbecausethesubjectofmoneyistaughtathome,notinschool.Mostofuslearnaboutmoneyfromourparents.Sowhatcanapoorparenttelltheirchildaboutmoney?Theysimplysay"Stayinschoolandstudyhard."Thechildmaygraduatewithexcellentgradesbutwithapoorperson'sfinancialprogrammingandmind-set.Itwaslearnedwhilethechildwasyoung.Moneyisnottaughtinschools.Schoolsfocusonscholasticandprofessionalskills,butnotonfinancialskills.Thisexplainshowsmartbankers,doctorsandaccountantswhoearnedexcellentgradesinschoolmaystillstrugglefinanciallyalloftheirlives.Ourstaggeringnationaldebtisdueinlargeparttohighlyeducatedpoliticiansandgovernmentofficialsmakingfinancialdecisionswithlittleornotrainingonthesubjectofmoney.[H]Ioftenlookaheadtothenewmillenniumandwonderwhatwillhappenwhenwehavemillionsofpeoplewhowillneedfinancialandmedicalassistance.Theywillbedependentontheirfamiliesorthegovernmentforfinancialsupport.WhatwillhappenwhenMedicareandSocialSecurityrunoutofmoney?Howwillanationsurviveifteachingchildrenaboutmoneycontinuestobelefttoparents--mostofwhomwillbe,oralreadyare,poor?[I]BecauseIhadtwoinfluentialfathers,Ilearnedfrombothofthem.Ihadtothinkabouteachdad'sadvice,andindoingso,Igainedvaluableinsightintothepowerandeffectofone'sthoughtsonone'slife.Forexample,onedadhadahabitofsaying,"Ican'taffordit."Theotherdadforbadethosewordstobeused.HeinsistedIsay,"HowcanIaffordit?"Oneisastatement,andtheotherisaquestion.Oneletsyouoffthehook,andtheotherforcesyoutothink.Mysoon-to-be-richdadwouldexplainthatbyautomaticallysayingthewords"Ican'taffordit,"yourbrainstopsworking.Byaskingthequestion"HowcanIaffordit?"yourbrainisputtowork.Hedidnotmeantobuyeverythingyouwanted.Hewasfanaticalaboutexercisingyourmind,themostpowerfulcomputerintheworld."MybraingetsstrongereverydaybecauseIexerciseit.Thestrongeritgets,themoremoneyIcanmake."Hebelievedthatautomaticallysaying"Ican'taffordit"wasasignofmentallaziness.[J]Althoughbothdadsworkedhard,Inoticedthatonedadhadahabitofputtinghisbraintosleepwhenitcametomoneymatters,andtheotherhadahabitofexercisinghisbrain.Thelong-termresultwasthatonedadgrewstrongerfinanciallyandtheothergrewweaker.Itisnotmuchdifferentfromapersonwhogoestothegymtoexerciseonaregularbasisversussomeonewhositsonthecouchwatchingtelevision.Properphysicalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforhealth,andpropermentalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforwealth.Lazinessdecreasesbothhealthandwealth.[K]Mytwodadshadopposingattitudesinthought.Onedadthoughtthattherichshouldpaymoreintaxestotakecareofthoselessfortunate.Theothersaid,"Taxespunishthosewhoproduceandrewardthosewhodon'tproduce."Onedadrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytoworkfor."Theotherrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytobuy."[L]Onedadsaid,"ThereasonI'mnotrichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."Theothersaid,"ThereasonImustberichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."Oneencouragedtalkingaboutmoneyandbusinessatthedinnertable.Theotherforbadethesubjectofmoneytobediscussedoverameal.Onesaid,"Whenitcomestomoney,playitsafe,don'ttakerisks."Theothersaid,"Learntomanagerisk."Onebelieved,"Ourhomeisourlargestinvestmentandourgreatestasset."Theotherbelieved,"Myhouseisaliability,andifyourhouseisyourlargestinvestment,you'reintrouble."Bothdadspaidtheirbillsontime,yetonepaidhisbillsfirstwhiletheotherpaidhisbillslast.[M]Onedadbelievedinacompanyorthegovernmenttakingcareofyouandyourneeds.Hewasalwaysconcernedaboutpayraises,retirementplans,medicalbenefits,sickleave,vacationdaysandotherperks.Hewasimpressedwithtwoofhisuncleswhojoinedthemilitaryandearnedaretirementandentitlementpackageforlifeaftertwentyyearsofactiveservice.HelovedtheideaofmedicalbenefitsandPXprivilegesthemilitaryprovideditsretirees.Healsolovedthetenuresystemavailablethroughtheuniversity.Theideaofjobprotectionforlifeandjobbenefitsseemedmoreimportant,attimes,thanthejob.Hewouldoftensay,"I'veworkedhardforthegovernment,andI'mentitledtothesebenefits."Theotherbelievedintotalfinancialself-reliance.Hespokeoutagainstthe"entitlement"mentalityandhowitwascreatingweakandfinanciallyneedypeople.Hewasemphaticaboutbeingfinanciallycompetent.[N]Onedadstruggledtosaveafewdollars.Theothersimplycreatedinvestments.OnedadtaughtmehowtowriteanimpressiveresumesoIcouldfindagoodjob.TheothertaughtmehowtowritestrongbusinessandfinancialplanssoIcouldcreatejobs.[O]Beingaproductoftwostrongdadsallowedmetheluxuryofobservingtheeffectsdifferentthoughtshaveonone'slife.Inoticedthatpeoplereallydoshapetheirlifethroughtheirthoughts.Forexample,mypoordadalwayssaid,"I'llneverberich."Andthatprophesybecamereality.Myrichdad,ontheotherhand,alwaysreferredtohimselfasrich.Hewouldsaythingslike,"I'marichman,andrichpeopledon'tdothis."Evenwhenhewasflatbrokeafteramajorfinancialsetback,hecontinuedtorefertohimselfasarichman.Hewouldcoverhimselfbysaying,"Thereisadifferencebetweenbeingpoorandbeingbroke--Brokeistemporary,andpooriseternal."Mypoordadwouldalsosay,"I'mnotinterestedinmoney,"or"Moneydoesn'tmatter."Myrichdadalwayssaid,"Moneyispower."[P]Thepowerofourthoughtsmayneverbemeasuredorappreciated,butitbecameobvioustomeasayoungboytobeawareofmythoughtsandhowIexpressedmyself.Inoticedthatmypoordadwaspoornotbecauseoftheamountofmoneyheearned,whichwassignificant,butbecauseofhisthoughtsandactions.Asayoungboy,havingtwofathers,IbecameacutelyawareofbeingcarefulwhichthoughtsIchosetoadoptasmyown.WhomshouldIlistento-myrichdadormypoordad?[Q]Althoughbothmenhadtremendousrespectforeducationandlearning,theydisagreedinwhattheythoughtwasimportanttolearn.Onewantedmetostudyhard,earnadegreeandgetagoodjobtoworkformoney.Hewantedmetostudytobecomeaprofessional,anattorneyoranaccountantortogotobusinessschoolformyMBA.Theotherencouragedmetostudytoberich,tounderstandhowmoneyworksandtolearnhowtohaveitworkforme."Idon'tworkformoney!"werewordshewouldrepeatoverandover,"Moneyworksforme!"Attheageof9,Idecidedtolistentoandlearnfrommyrichdadaboutmoney.Indoingso,Ichosenottolistentomypoordad,eventhoughhewastheonewithallthecollegedegrees.
答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I;K;______
Thetwofathershaddifferentviewsontaxation.
答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I;K______
Whenitcomestoexcessivebills,thetwofathersthinkandexpressdifferently.
答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I______
Ithinkthatmypoordadwaspoorbecauseofhisthoughtsandactions.
答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P______
Thesubjectofmoneyistaughtathome,notinschool.Mostpeoplelearnaboutmoneyfromtheirparents.
答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G______
Mypoordadwastheonewithallthecollegedegrees.
答案:M;D;Q______
Thetwofathershadverydifferentpointsofviewaboutthesubjectofmoney.
答案:M;D______
Oneofthefathersisveryconcernedaboutthevariousrelatedlivelihoodpoliciesissuedbythegovernment.
答案:MSectionBBankedClozeDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
I’mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon’tneedasmucheither.I1)_________________enoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman’smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.It2)_________________80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow—only$560ayear—andweare3)_________________againstcatastrophe.4)_________________thatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.
We’vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomeby5)_________________withoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurants6)_________________moreexpensiveplacesinthecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.7)_________________Christmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…
Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisa8)_________________forsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon’tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyare9)_________________inschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.
Theotherrequirementisenergy—alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthe10)_________________tobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.
(A)picksup(B)temptation(C)given(D)generate(E)involved(F)insteadof(G)Extravagant(H)cuttingup(I)cuttingback(J)endurance(K)covered(L)Asidefrom(M)tolerance(N)exotic(O)pay
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved;B;temptation;10)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved;B;temptation9)_____
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved8)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance7)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant6)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof5)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback4)______
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom3)____
答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered2)_____
答案:D;generate;A;picksup1)____
答案:D;generateWecaninferfromthepassagethatGMfoodwill______________.
答案:bewell-acceptedbysomeconsumers"Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere”(inthelastparagraph)probablymeansthat______________.
答案:oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitableproducts,itwillenterintoourdailylifeIftheworldpopulationgrowstotenorelevenbillionbytheyear2050,______________.
答案:foodproductionshouldbeincreasedtothreetimesthatoftodayConsumerspreferGMfoodtoconventionalfoodbecause______________.
答案:GMfoodreceiveslesspesticideapplicationTheintroductionofGMfoodwillaffect_______________.
答案:food-buyingpatternsWhendidthenumberofwhite-collarworkersbecomebiggerthanthatoftheblue-collarworkersinAmerica?
答案:In1950orsoThefirstgroupofblue-collarworkersweremostlikelytobe______________inthepast.
答案:farmersAgold-collarworker______________.
答案:knowsmorethanonekindofknowledgeorskillComparedwithablue-collarworker,agold-collarworker______________.
答案:ismoreskillfulintechnologyInthefirstparagraph,theword"projects"canbebestreplacedby____________.
答案:predictsWhatdoesthespeakersayabouttalent?
答案:ItdoesnotcometoanythingwithouthardworkWhatisthespeaker'sadvicetohisaudience?
答案:LovingtheworktheydoWhatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?
答案:Heisself-employedWhatdoesthemanhopetodonext?
答案:PasshisroadtestthefirsttimeWhatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?
答案:Theyarecostly.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?
答案:Hewasnotwellprepared.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?
答案:Hetookthedriver'stheoryexamWhichofthefollowingisnotanitemthatthecompanywillrecycleaccordingtothenewsreport?
答案:FishinghookECOALFthinksthatwhenitcomestonewclothes,styleis__________.
答案:importantWhydoestheclothingcompanyECOALFuserecycledmaterialstomakeclothes?
答案:ItconsiderstheenvironmentmoreShanghaiisbustling____________________________,highlycosmopoliatan.
答案:metropolisTherobotwasprogrammedto______________aseriesofhumanmovements.
答案:mimicShetravelledtheworld__________________herdreams.
答案:inpursuitofHeshouldbe_______________forhiscourage.
答案:applaudedHisperformanceyesterdaymorning_______________himofarecordeightmedal.
答案:assuredSomeproblemscannotbetackledsolely__________________.
答案:onone’sownWewere_____________politetoobject.
答案:alltooMy_____________reactionwastodeclinetheoffer.
答案:initialThey’restill________________theaccident.
答案:investigatingHesaidthatdevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilityto_____________globaleconomicgrowthtohelpnewdemocracies.
答案:fosterHeispoor,________________hecanhardlygetenoughtolive.
答案:somuchsothatEveryonelosestemper______________,sodon’tblameyourselftoohard.
答案:onoccasionTherockshaveerodedaway_____________.
答案:overtimeThe_____________reasonformychangeofmymindisthis.
答案:principalThedifficultyofaproblemwasdefined_______________howlongittooktocomplete.
答案:intermsofHeprovideduswithascientificexplanationofnatural________________.
答案:phenomenonEconomicdevelopmentishighly______________toenvironmentalprotection.
答案:relevantBasically,thearticlecanbe______________inthreesentences.
答案:summarizedSectionCMatchingParagraphswithInformation
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.
Joy:ASubjectSchoolsLack
Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivinguppleasure.A)WhenJonathanSwiftproposed,in1729,thatthepeopleofIrelandeattheirchildren,heinsisteditwouldsolvethreeproblemsatonce:feedthehungrymasses,reducethepopulationduringaseveredepression,andstimulatetherestaurantbusiness.Evenasasatire(諷刺),itseemsdisgustingandshockinginAmericawithitschild-centeredculture.Butactually,thecountryisclosertohisproposalthanyoumightthink.
B)Ifyouspendmuchtimewitheducatorsandpolicymakers,you'llhearalotofthefollowingwords:“standards,”“results,”“skills,”“self-control,”“accountability,”andsoon.Ihavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedly“effective”schools,wherechildrenshoutslogansinordertolearnself-controlormuststandbehindtheirdeskwhentheycan'tsitstill.
C)Alookatwhatgoesoninmostclassroomsthesedaysmakesitabundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabouteducation,theyarenotthinkingaboutwhatitfeelsliketobeachild,orwhatmakeschildhoodanimportantandvaluablestageoflifeinitsownright.
D)I’mamotherofthree,ateacher,andadevelopmentalpsychologist.SoI’vewatchedalotofchildren—talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,andbeingyoung.Here’swhatI’vecometounderstand.Thethingthatsetschildrenapartfromadultsisnottheirignorance,northeirlackofskills.It’stheirenormouscapacityforjoy.Thinkofa3-year-oldlostinthepleasuresoffindingoutwhathecanandcannotsinkinthebathtub,a5-year-oldbesideherselfwiththethrillofputtingtogetherstringsofnonsensicalwordswithherbestfriends,oran11-year-oldcompletelyabsorbedinafascinatingcomicstrip.Achild’sabilitytobecomedeeplyabsorbedinsomething,andderiveintensepleasurefromthatabsorption,issomethingadultsspendtherestoftheirlivestryingtoreturnto.
E)Afriendtoldmethefollowingstory.Oneday,whenhewenttogethis7-year-oldsonfromsoccerpractice,hiskidgreetedhimwithadowncastfaceandasadvoice.Thecoachhadcriticizedhimfornotfocusingonhissoccerdrills.Thelittleboywalkedoutoftheschoolwithhisheadandshouldershangingdown.Heseemedwrappedinsadness.Butjustbeforehereachedthecardoor,hesuddenlystopped,crouching(蹲伏)downtopeeratsomethingonthesidewalk.Hisfacewentdownlowerandlower,andthen,withcompletejoyhecalledout,“Dad.Comehere.ThisisthestrangestbugI'veeverseen.Ithas,like,amillionlegs.Lookatthis.It’samazing.”Helookedupathisfather,hisfeaturesoverflowingwithenergyanddelight.“Can’twestayhereforjustaminute?Iwanttofindoutwhathedoeswithallthoselegs.Thisisthecoolestever.”
F)Thetraditionalviewofsuchmomentsisthattheyconstituteacharmingbutirrelevantbyproductofyouth—somethingtobepushedasidetomakeroomformoreimportantqualities,likeperseverance(堅(jiān)持不懈),obligation,andpracticality.Yetmomentslikethisonearejustthekindofintenseabsorptionandpleasureadultsspendtherestoftheirlivesseeking.Humanlivesaregovernedbythedesiretoexperiencejoy.Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivingupjoybutratherleadtofindingjoyinnewkindsofthings:readingnovelsinsteadofplayingwithsmallfigures,conductingexperimentsinsteadofsinkingcupsinthebathtub,anddebatingseriousissuesratherthanstringingtogethernonsensewords,forexample.Insomecases,schoolsshouldhelpchildrenfindnew,moregrown-upwaysofdoingthesamethingsthatareconstantsourcesofjoy:makingart,makingfriends,makingdecisions.
G)Buildingonachild'sabilitytofeeljoy,ratherthanpushingitaside,wouldn'tbethathard.Itwouldjustrequireashiftintheeducationworld'smindset(思維模式).Insteadoftryingtogetchildrentoworkhard,whynotfocusongettingthemtotakepleasureinmeaningful,productiveactivity,likemakingthings,workingwithothers,exploringideas,andsolvingproblems?Thesefocusesarenotsodifferentfromthethingsinwhichtheydelight.
H)Beforeyoubrushthisargumentasideasrubbish,orthinkofjoyasanunaffordableluxuryinanationwherethereisawfulpoverty,lowacademicachievement,andhighdropoutrates,thinkagain.Themorehorribletheschoolcircumstances,themoreimportantpleasureistoachievinganyeducationalsuccess.
I)Manyoftheassignmentsandrulesteacherscomeupwith,oftenbecausetheyarepressuredbytheiradministrators,treatpleasureandjoyastheenemiesofcompetenceandresponsibility.Theassumptionisthatchildrenshouldn’tchatintheclassroombecauseithindershardwork;instead,theyshouldlearntodelaygratification(快樂(lè))sothattheycanpursueabstractgoals,likegoingtocollege.
J)Notonlyisthisaboringandawfulwaytotreatchildren,itmakesnosenseeducationally.Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatinordertoacquireskillsandrealknowledgeinschool,kidsneedtowanttolearn.Youcanforceachildtostayinhisorherseat,filloutaworksheet,orpracticedivision.Butyoucan’tforcethechildtothinkcarefully,enjoybooks,digestcomplexinformation,ordevelopatasteforlearning.Tomakethathappen,youhavetohelpthechildfindpleasureinlearning—toseeschoolasasourceofjoy.
K)Adultstendtotalkaboutlearningasifitweremedicine:unpleasant,butnecessaryandgoodforyou.Whynotinsteadthinkoflearningasifitwerefood—somethingsovaluabletohumansthattheyhaveevolvedtoexperienceitasapleasure?
L)Joyshouldnotbetrainedoutofchildre
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