北京市2024-2025學年新高三上學期入學定位考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市2024-2025學年新高三上學期入學定位考試英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthewayfaringcouplewalkedthroughthecoldnight.Thefather-to-be___1___theroadside,seekingshelter,wherehisstrugglingcompanionmightrest___2___forthenight.Shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.TheirnameswerePepperandCooper,apairofbeagles(米格魯獵犬).GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhe___3___thepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohard,buthecouldtellthedogswerewearingcollarsandtags.Whatweretheydoingoutherewhenitwastoocoldfordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckand___4___theanimals.Hestretchedouthishandstothebeagles,whichmadeno___5___toescape.Hereadtheirtagsbyhistruck’sheadlights:thefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.Hethencalledthenumberlisted,butitwassnowingsohardthathis___6___blurred.Heplacedthedogsontothepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggledtogetherthere.Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain.Amanansweredandimmediatelygrew___7___whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.“Igavethosedogsaway,”themansaid,“They’renotmineanymore.”Thesebeagleswere____8____.Gusnoticedtheirlargeeyespleading.Hethenbroughtthemhome.TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmenclosedporch,also____9____foodandwater.Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether.It’sasimplestory—peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple—butitspeakstothebestofour____10____.1.A.blocked B.guarded C.scanned D.identified2.A.safely B.happily C.quickly D.willingly3.A.tracked B.spotted C.ignored D.hunted4.A.patted B.protected C.tested D.approached5.A.effort B.meaning C.consensus D.contact6.A.truck B.screen C.mind D.headlight7.A.interested B.embarrassed C.defensive D.talkative8.A.avoided B.adopted C.appreciated D.abandoned9.A.givingout B.settingout C.puttingout D.carryingout10.A.nature B.talent C.pursuit D.advantage〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.D9.B10.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述格斯·基貝爾救助一對米格魯獵犬的故事?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這位準爸爸察看路邊，尋找避難所，在那里，他苦苦掙扎的同伴可以安全地休息過夜。A.blocked封鎖；B.guarded守衛(wèi)；C.scanned掃描，察看；D.identified鑒定。由下文“seekingshelter”可知，這個準爸爸狗在“察看”路邊，尋找庇護所。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位準爸爸察看路邊，尋找避難所，在那里，他苦苦掙扎的同伴可以安全地休息過夜。A.safely安全地；B.happily快樂地；C.quickly快速地；D.willingly很樂意地。由上文“inthecoldmidwinter”和“seekingshelter”可知，這指這準爸爸想讓同伴在庇護所中“安全地”休息過一夜。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：縣野生動物官員格斯·基貝爾下班開車回家時，在車燈的閃光中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這對動物。A.tracked跟蹤；B.spotted看見；C.ignored忽略；D.hunted獵殺。由下文“intheflashofhisheadlights”以及語境可知，這里指格斯在燈光中“看見”了這兩只狗。故選B項。【4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：格斯停好卡車，走近動物們。A.patted拍了拍；B.protected保護；C.tested測試；D.approached走近。由上文“parkedhistruck”以及語境可知，這里指格斯停好車向這對狗“走近”。故選D項。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他向米格魯獵犬們伸出手，米格魯獵犬們沒有逃跑。A.effort努力；B.meaning意思；C.consensus共識；D.contact接觸。由上文“hisstrugglingcompanion”和“itwastoocoldfordogs”以及下文“Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether”可知，這里指這兩只狗在寒冷中已經精疲力盡了，遇到陌生人都不“努力”嘗試逃跑了。故選A項。【6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他撥打了列出的號碼，但雪下得很大，他的屏幕都模糊了。A.truck卡車；B.screen屏幕；C.mind思維；D.headlight前照燈。由下文“Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain”可知，前面指雪水讓“屏幕”模糊看不清。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個男人接了電話，當格斯告訴他為什么打電話時，他立刻開始有戒心了。A.interested感興趣的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.defensive防御的，懷有戒心的；D.talkative健談的。由下文“They’renotmineanymore”可知，這男的是不想要這兩只狗，所以是“有戒備地”回答格斯的電話。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些米格魯獵犬被遺棄了。A.avoided避免；B.adopted采納；C.appreciated感謝；D.abandoned拋棄。由上文“They’renotmineanymore”可知，這里指這兩條狗被“拋棄”了。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：基貝爾一家在溫暖的封閉門廊上為狗準備了一張床，還安排了食物和水。筋疲力盡的動物們躺在一起。A.givingout分發(fā)；B.settingout出發(fā)，安排；C.puttingout撲滅；D.carryingout執(zhí)行。由下文“foodandwate”以及語境可知，這里指基貝爾一家為狗們“安排”了食物和水。故選B項。【10題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個簡單的故事——實踐善良的人為一對無家可歸的夫婦提供風暴避難所，但這反映了我們本性中最好的一面。A.nature自然，本性；B.talent天賦；C.pursuit追求；D.advantage優(yōu)勢。由上文“peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple”可知，這里指善良是我們應該要擁有的“本性”。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空自處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Naturaldisasterscanmakepeopledependontheirneighborsinawaynothingelsedoes.Thesix-year-oldJermaine_____11_____(save)moneywithhisfamilyforadreamtriptoDisneyworldwhensuddenlytheirneighborhoodwasorderedtoevacuate(疏散)becauseofHurricaneDorian.Immediatelytheboydecidedtousehishard-earnedcash_____12_____(help)hisneighbors.Jermainestoodalongsideanearbyroad____13____(hand)outchips,hotdogs,andbottlesofwatertoevacuees.“Iwantedthemtohavesomefoodtoeat,”hesaid.“Iwantedtobekindandlivetogive.〖答案〗11.wassaving##hadsaved##hadbeensaving12.tohelp13.handing【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了男孩Jermaine用他的血汗錢來幫助他的鄰居的暖心故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：6歲的杰梅因(Jermaine)和家人正在攢錢準備去迪斯尼世界的夢幻之旅，突然，由于颶風多里安(Dorian)，他們的鄰居被命令撤離。設空處在句中作謂語，表示過去一直所做的事情，時態(tài)可以為過去進行時；結合句意也可以表示發(fā)生在“過去的過去”或過去正在進行的動作一直延續(xù)到過去的某個時間點，時態(tài)為過去完成時或過去完成進行時，主語為Thesix-year-oldJermaine，結合主謂一致，故填wassaving，hadsaved或hadbeensaving?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：男孩立即決定用他的血汗錢來幫助他的鄰居。設空處為句子的非謂語，固定短語usesthtodosth表示“用某物做某事”，設空處應用動詞不定式的形式。故填tohelp。【13題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他站在附近的一條路邊，向撤離者分發(fā)薯條、熱狗和瓶裝水。“我想讓他們有東西吃，”他說。“我想做個善良的人，活著就是為了給予。設空處在句中為非謂語，和其邏輯主語Jermaine之間是邏輯的主動關系，應用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語。故填handing。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空自處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Teenagefriendshipsarefunandcangrowintolifelongrelationships.Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,_____14_____(show)theseearlyfriendshipsdosomethingelse,too:prepareteens____15____parenting.Theresearchersfoundthattheteenswhoshowedmoreempathyfortheirclosefriendsweremore____16____(support)parentsinadulthood.Therefore,_____17_____yourfriendisstruggling,youcanpracticeshowingupandtryingtounderstandtheirperspective.〖答案〗14.shows##showed##hasshowed15.for16.supportive17.when##while##as##if##once【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。研究表明，早期友誼可以讓青少年為后期育兒做好準備?！?4題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：發(fā)表在《兒童發(fā)展》雜志上的一項新研究表明，這些早期友誼也有其他作用：讓青少年為育兒做好準備。這里考查謂語動詞，主語Anewstudy，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，與show為主動關系，這里時態(tài)可用一般現(xiàn)在時表客觀情況，也可用一般過去時表過去情況，也可用現(xiàn)在完成時強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。故填shows或者showed或者hasshowed?！?5題詳析】考查介詞。句意：發(fā)表在《兒童發(fā)展》雜志上的一項新研究表明，這些早期友誼也有其他作用：讓青少年為育兒做好準備。這里考查prepare...for，表“為……做準備”，為固定搭配。故填for。【16題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，對親密朋友表現(xiàn)出更多同理心的青少年在成年后更支持父母。此空應填形容詞作定語，修飾后面名詞。supportive，表“支持的”，為形容詞，符合句意。故填supportive?！?7題詳析】考查狀語從句。句意：因此，當你的朋友遇到困難時，你可以練習露面，試著理解他們的觀點。這里考查狀語從句，在由句意可知，此空可以填when、while或者as引導時間狀語從句；也可以填if或者once引導條件狀語從句。故填when或者while或者as或者if或者once。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空自處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。FoodinsecurityisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureasthelackofaccesstoenoughfoodforanactive,healthylife.Itisassociatedwithnegativesocialandhealthoutcomesand____18____(consider)acriticalpublichealthissue.Keydriversoffoodinsecurityincludeunemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks,____19____canpreventadequateaccesstofood.Luckily,multipleinterventionshavebeenshowntoreducefoodinsecurity,includingparticipationinfoodassistance_____20_____(program)andbroadersocietal-levelimprovementsineconomicstability.〖答案〗18.isconsidered##considered19.which20.programs【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了食品安全的原因以及保障食品安全的措施?！?8題詳析】考查謂語動詞。句意：它與負面的社會和健康結果有關，被認為是一個嚴重的公共衛(wèi)生問題。設空處在句中和and前的isassociated并列作謂語，和句子的主語之間是被動關系，敘述客觀事實，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故設空處應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語為it，結合主謂一致，應為isconsidered，其中is可省略。故填isconsidered/considered?！?9題詳析】考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：糧食不安全的主要驅動因素包括失業(yè)、貧困和收入沖擊，這些因素會阻礙人們獲得充足的糧食。設空處引導非限制性的定語從句且在句中作指物的主語，先行詞為unemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks。故填which?！?0題詳析】考查名詞。句意：幸運的是，多種干預措施已被證明可以減少糧食不安全，包括參與糧食援助計劃和更廣泛的社會層面的經濟穩(wěn)定改善。設空處在句中作介詞賓語，應用名詞的形式，空前無限定詞修飾，應用名詞復數(shù)的形式。故填programs。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheSummerScienceProgram(SSP)isanonprofitorganizationthatprovidesanexperimentalscienceexperienceforhighschoolseniorswho’llsoongothroughcollegeapplication.Asoneoftheoldestpre-collegeenrichmentprograms,SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity.TheirpreviousexperienceswithSSPhaveledthemtoactivelysupporttheprogramthroughdonationsandvolunteering.Theprogramstructureinvolvestwelveteamsguidedbyafacultyofseven.Studentsworkinteamsofthreetoundertakeahands-onresearchproject,fosteringcollaboration,challenge,andinclusivity.Over39days,theseteamsdigintotheirresearch,formingaclose-knitlearningcommunity.AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整體的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation.Theprogramensuresdiversityandprovidesfinancialaidtoalladmittedstudents,makingsuretalentedyoungpeoplewon’getshutout.TheSSPcommunitythrivesoncooperativeresearch,offering,arefreshingreplacementtocompetitiveschoolenvironments.Theabsenceofexamsandgradesfocusesstudentsonpersonalgrowthandtheestablishmentofasupportivenetworkwithpeersandalumni.ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics.witheachprogramhostedbyauniversitypartner.Thecurriculumisadvanced,pacedforcollege-levelunderstanding,andintegratedwiththeresearchproject.Thescheduleispackedwithlearning,guestlecturesfromprofessionals,visitstoscientifieinstitutions,andsocialevents,ensuringawell-roundedandenjoyablesummerforparticipants.TheSSPexperienceisnotjustaboutscience;it’saboutpersonalandcommunalgrowth,makingitanenrichingandmemorableprogramforhighschoolseniors.21.WhatisspecialaboutSSP?A.It’soperatedbyformergraduates. B.It’sbuiltuponpreviousexperiences.C.Itrequiresrecommendationsbyfaculty. D.Itprovidesguidanceoncollegeapplication.22.TogetacceptedbySSP,participantsneedto_______.A.payacertainsumoffees B.adoptaholisticapproachC.beabletodesignprojects D.beexcellentinacademics23.AtSSP,participantswill_______A.haveafewexamstosit B.engageincompetitiveactivitiesC.getvariousresearchopportunities D.attendlecturesinscientificinstitutions〖答案〗21.A22.D23.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。暑期科學項目(SSP)是一個非營利組織，為即將申請大學的高中畢業(yè)生提供實驗科學體驗。短文介紹了關于它的相關信息?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity”（SSP是由這個社區(qū)的前成員獨一無二地經營的）可知，SSP的特別之處在于它是由以前的成員運營的。故選A?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整體的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation”（SSP向全球初中生開放，采用全方位的方法，重視學業(yè)成績和學習動機）可知，SSP的錄取標準是學術優(yōu)秀和有動力。故選D。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中的“ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics”（研究機會可以在天體物理學、生物化學或基因組學等領域獲得）可知，SSP的參與者將有各種研究機會。故選C。BYearsago,wewerelivinginabignicehouseandIwasgoingtothebestelementaryschoolinthecitywithmysiblings.Wehadeverythingwecouldhavewishedforandwewerestillaskingformore.Mr.Sanchezusedtomowourlawns.Hewasveryhardworking.Often,hewouldbringhissonthatwasmyage.HehadmodesttoysandmodestclothesandhehadahardtimefittinginwithusmainlybecauseIwastooproudtoconsiderhimmyequal.HisnamewasCabrielandhewasasmartboy,despiteallhis“shortcomings”.Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fastforwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather’sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayallthemoneyandleftthecountry.Soonwehadtoleaveourbighouseandsettleintoasmalloneandwewerehavingahardtimemeetingotherexpenses.Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelpedmeandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.WestartedtalkingintheeveningswhenIlearnthewasgoingtostartcollegeandhewasmuchsmarterthanme.Laterwecameupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.IfeltnoshameinconfessingthatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.Later,allofmyfather’sdebtwaspaidoffandwewereagainahappy,prosperousfamily.IwasatrulyrichmanbecauseIhadagreatfriendbymysideformywholelife.Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonforme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopletogofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone’spersonandbehaviortowardhisotherfellowsinreallife.24.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sfamilyinhisearlyyears?A.Lifeexpenseswentupunexpectedly. B.Afinancialbreakdownhithisfamily.C.Theirhousewasillegallytakenaway. D.Theylostcloseconnectionwithothers.25.Whatchangedtheauthor’sattitudetowardsGabriel?A.Theirpartnershipinbusiness. B.TheproofofGabriel’scapability.C.Thechangeofhislivingcondition. D.TheconsistenthelpfromGabriel.26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeGabriel?A.Intelligentandloyal. B.Persistentandambitious.C.Introvertedbutgenerous. D.Hardworkingbutmodest.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Likefather,likeson. B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.〖答案〗24.B25.D26.A27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從富裕到貧困再到重新崛起的經歷，以及在這個過程中作者和為他家修剪草坪桑切斯先生兒子Gabriel成為一生朋友的故事。文章強調了人品和行為的重要性?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fastforwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather’sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayallthemoneyandleftthecountry.(日子一天天過去，我們在一起，但沒有任何密切的聯(lián)系?？爝M到幾年后，我父親的生意跌至谷底。他的合伙人拿走了所有的錢，離開了這個國家。)”可知，早年，作者家庭遭遇了經濟崩潰。故選B項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelpedmeandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.(桑切斯先生在那段時間非常善良。他和Gabriel每周來一次，幫我和我的兄弟姐妹把事情安排妥當。就在那時，Gabriel和我成了好朋友。)”可知，Gabriel的持續(xù)幫助改變了作者對他的態(tài)度。故選D項?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“HisnamewasCabrielandhewasasmartboy,despiteallhis‘shortcomings’.(他的名字叫Gabriel，盡管他有‘缺點’，但他是個聰明的男孩。)”可知，Gabriel是一個聰明的孩子；再由第五段“Laterwecameupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.IfeltnoshameinconfessingthatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.(后來我們想出了一個商業(yè)計劃，成立了一家初創(chuàng)公司。我毫不羞愧地承認，Gabriel在我們公司的崛起中發(fā)揮了更大的作用。)”可知，Gabriel一直陪伴作者身旁奮斗，所以是一個忠誠的人。故選A項?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonforme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopletogofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone’spersonandbehaviortowardhisotherfellowsinreallife.(這段經歷對我來說是一個寶貴的教訓。人們從赤貧到富?；驈母辉５匠嘭?，這并不能讓我們得到生活經驗。重要的是一個人在現(xiàn)實生活中對其他人的態(tài)度和行為。)”以及上文可知，文章主要講作者改變對Gabriel的看法，最后成為好朋友的故事，所以D項Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.(切勿以貌取人。)符合語境。故選D項。CThevastmajorityofpeoplehaveanongoingconversationwiththemselves,aninnervoice,thatplaysanimportantroleintheirdailylives.Butbetween5to10percentofthepopulationdonothavetheexperienceofaninnervoice,andtheyfinditmoredifficulttoperformcertainverbalmemorytasks,newresearchshows.JohanneNedergardfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenandhercolleagueGaryLupyanarethefirstresearcherstoinvestigatewhetherthelackofaninnervoice,oranendophasiaastheyhavecoinedthecondition,hasanyconsequencesforhowthesepeoplesolveproblems,forexamplehowtheyperformverbalmemorytasks.Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittleinnervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhethertherewasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhymewords.Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignmentinwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinordertocomparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.AccordingtoNedergard,thedifferencesinverbalmemorythattheyhaveidentifiedintheirexperimentswillnotbenoticedinordinaryeverydayconversations.Andthequestionis,doesnothavinganinnervoiceholdanypracticalorbehavioralsignificance?Sofar,theresearchersarenotsurebecausetheyareonlyontheverybeginningofawholeprocessofstudy.Butthereisonefieldwheretheysuspectthathavinganinnervoiceplaysarole,andthatistherapy;inthewidelyusedcognitivebehavioraltherapy,forexample,youneedtoidentifyandchangeadversethoughtpatterns,andhavinganinnervoicemaybeveryimportantinsuchaprocess.However,itisstilluncertainwhetherdifferencesintheexperienceofaninnervoicearerelatedtohowpeoplerespondtodifferenttypesoftherapy.Nedergardsaidshewouldliketocontinueherresearchtofindoutwhetherotherlanguageareasareaffectedifyoudonothaveaninnervoice.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coined”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Assessed. B.Revised. C.Created. D.Discovered.29.Theresearchersusethepicturesofasockandaclockto_____.A.displayhowpeoplepickupdifferentwords B.seehowpeopledifferindegreesofinnervoiceC.explainwhysomeparticipantscanrepeatwords D.assessagroup’sabilitytorememberwordsinorder.30.Nedergardwillprobablyagreethatpeoplewithoutaninnervoice______.A.havepoorerverbalmemory B.showtraitsindailyconversationsC.canobtainitthroughtraining D.haveseriousproblemsinlearning〖答案〗28.C29.B30.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。絕大多數(shù)人都與自己進行持續(xù)的對話，內心的聲音在他們的日常生活中扮演著重要的角色。研究人員通過研究想知道這種內心對話的作用和意義。【28題詳析】詞句猜測題?！皌helackofaninnervoice”和“anendophasia”是意義一致的，再根據劃線單詞后的condition可知，endophasia是研究人員研究“缺乏內心的聲音”時創(chuàng)造的條件，所以劃線單詞的意義為“創(chuàng)造”，與C項“Created”意義一致。故選C項?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittleinnervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhethertherewasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhymewords.(那些報告自己在日常生活中經歷過高度內心聲音或很少內心聲音的人接受了一項實驗，旨在確定他們記憶語言輸入的能力和尋找押韻詞的能力是否存在差異。)”和第三段的實驗“Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignmentinwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinordertocomparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.(在第一個實驗中，參與者按順序記住發(fā)音或拼寫相似的單詞，例如“bought”和“caught”。沒有內心聲音的參與者在記憶單詞方面明顯更差。在另一項任務中，參與者必須確定一組圖片是否包含押韻的單詞，例如襪子和時鐘的圖片。在這里，能夠重復單詞也是至關重要的，這樣可以比較它們的發(fā)音，從而確定它們是否押韻。)”可以推論出，研究人員使用襪子和時鐘的圖片是為了看看人們在內心對話方面如何不同。故選B項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中Nedergard做的實驗“Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.(在第一個實驗中，參與者按順序記住發(fā)音或拼寫相似的單詞，例如“bought”和“caught”。沒有內心聲音的參與者在記憶單詞方面明顯更差。)”可以推論出，Nedergard可能會同意沒有內心聲音的人言語記憶較差。故選A項。DNaturevs.NurtureCuriosityhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostinnateandprevailingqualitiesofhumankind.Ourendlesspursuitoftruthandreasonshasresultedinalotofcrucialdiscoveriesintheworld.However,themoreweuncovertheworld,themoreweendupgeneratingmorequestionstoanswer.Outofallthewondersoftheworld,humanpsychologyisdeemedtobeoneofthemostcontroversial.Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.Naturereferstothebiologicalstructureandprocessesthatdetermineaperson’sphysicalandbehavioralattributes.Duetotheadvancementofgenetics,scientistshaveuncoveredthatphysicaltraitssuchaseyecolor,hairtype,height,andlifeexpectancyofapersoncanstronglyberelatedtothegeneticmakeup.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothespeculationthatmostpsychologicalcharacteristicslikeintellect,personality,andlanguageacquisitionabilityarealreadypre-wiredtooursystemthroughourgeneticpattern.Incontrast,nurturetheorysuggeststhatbehaviorishonedfromsocio-culturalfactors.ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople’scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遺傳的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thus,peoplewithhighintelligencehaveamajorchanceofhavinghighlyintellectualoffspring,whilepeoplehavinglowerthanaverageintellectaremorelikelytohavelowintellectualoffspring.However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.Countlessresearchandexperimentationhavebeenconductedtoputanendtotheseeminglyendlessdebate.Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson’scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Theyearsoflaboredresearchonnatureandnurturetheoryfinallyhavebornfruits.Technologyandresearchhaveexpandedabetterunderstandingofthehumanpersonalityandmind,andwilljustcontinuouslydoastimepassesby.31.Whydoestheauthormention“curiosity”inthefirstparagraph?A.Topredicttheresearchresults. B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexploring.C.Toleadtotheargumentofnatureagainstnurture. D.Toraisethereader’sinterestinthetheoryofnature.32.WhatdoesJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theorysuggest?A.Humanmindisalwaysblank. B.People’sbehaviorsarelearned.C.Behaviorisdeterminedgenetically. D.Culturehaslittleinfluenceonhuman.33.WhatistheattitudeofSirFrancisGaltontowardsthetheoryofnurture?A.Disapproving. B.Supportive. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Thetheoryofnatureisnotacceptedbythepublic.B.Thetheoryofnurtureisbasedonthetheoryofnature.C.Thesupportersofthetwotheoriesagreewitheachother.D.Thetheoryofnatureandthetheoryofnurturebothmakesense.〖答案〗31.C32.B33.A34.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了關于人性的先天論與后天論的爭論?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.(心靈的復雜性及其在人類行為上的反映一直是許多研究和爭論的主題。在心理學中最古老也是至今仍最被熱議的一個論題就是先天與教養(yǎng)的辯論)”可知，文章開頭提到好奇心是為了引出人類對世界真理的追求，最終導向對人類心理復雜性的探討，從而引入“先天與教養(yǎng)”的辯論主題，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是為了引出關于天性與教養(yǎng)辯論的探討。故選C?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople’scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.(這一理論是以約翰·洛克的“白板說”為指導的，該學說認為人的大腦在最初狀態(tài)時是一塊白板，會逐漸通過直接和間接的經驗填充信息。這一理論認為，人們的特性和行為多樣性是他們在成長過程中所遇到的社會和文化影響的結果)”可知，“白板說”強調的是人們的行為是通過學習獲得的。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遺傳的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.(“先天與教養(yǎng)”的辯論這一術語是由弗朗西斯·高爾頓提出的，他認為智力是一種可量化的并且可以遺傳的人類特質。他也相信智力可以從一代傳給另一代)”及“However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.(然而，教養(yǎng)理論的支持者認為，智力能力是由于獲取資源和機會不平等的結果。因此，智力并不是遺傳的產物，而是更多地源于社會建構的結果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高爾頓對教養(yǎng)理論持反對態(tài)度，因為他更強調智力的遺傳性和可遺傳性。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson’scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.(現(xiàn)在的心理學家和研究者們已經接受了這樣一個觀點：一個人的性格受到其基因構成和環(huán)境的極大影響)”可知，作者認為天性和教養(yǎng)的理論都具有一定的道理，因為它們都在某種程度上影響著人類的性格和行為。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyDoesNormMatter?Simplyput,anormisarulethatguidesbehavioramongmembersofasocietyorgroup.Normsaresocialfacts:thingswhichexistinsocietyindependentofindividuals,andthatshapeourthoughtsandbehavior._____35_____.Whilewecanunderstandnormssimplyasrulesthattelluswhatweshouldorshouldn’tdo,there’smuchmoretothemthatsociologistsfindinterestingandworthyofstudy.Forexample,sociologicalfocusisoftendirectedathownormsaredisseminatedhowwecometolearnthem.Theprocessofsocializationisguidedbynormsandtaughttousbythosearoundus,includingourfamilies,teachers,andauthorityfiguresfromreligion,politics,law,andpopularculture._____36_____Wedothisalotaschildren,butwealsodoitasadultsinunfamiliarspaces,amongnewgroupsofpeople,orinplaceswevisitforthistime.Learningthenormsofanygivenspaceorgroupallowsustofunctioninthatsetting,andtobeacceptedbythosepresent.Asknowledgeofhowtooperateintheworld,normsareanimportantpartoftheculturalcapitalthateachofuspossessesandembodies.Theyare,infact,culturalproductsandareculturallycontextual,andtheyo