高中張道真英語語法(第三版)(版)課件lecture-8-9非謂語動(dòng)詞

Lecture8Non-finiteVerbs

非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞，關(guān)鍵需要掌握以下內(nèi)容：

1.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?/p>

2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。

動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種：1.不定式(TheInfinitive)：to+v2.動(dòng)名詞(TheGerund)，v-ing3.分詞(TheParticiple)1)現(xiàn)在分詞（ThePresentParticiple)

v-ing

2)過去分詞（ThePastParticiple)

v-ed

Infinitive不定式1.It’skind/wise/clever…ofsb.todosthItisverykindofyoutohelpus.It’simportant/necessary/hard…forsb.todosthItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.

for與of的選用規(guī)律：看句中的表語形容詞是描述人還是事，描述人用of,描述事用for.用of的句子可以用人作主語將句子改寫，而用for的句子不能這樣改寫。Itiswise_____younottoarguewithyourboss.

Youarewisenottoarguewithyourboss.Itisnecessary______youtogothereinperson.Youarenecessarytogothereinperson.offor(√)(×)1.Themanagerdesirestoseeyou.Themanagerwantsyoutofinishtheworkontime.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語：attempt,decide,determine,want,expect,wish,desire,hopemanage,fail,refuse,pretendoffer,promise,choose,plan,intendagree,demand,ask,help,試圖決心想希望，設(shè)法拒絕莫假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意要求幫一幫。

不定式可以做賓語補(bǔ)足語可以接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：

ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect

這些詞后均可接+sb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.see,hear等詞+sb.+dosth.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的真實(shí)性、完整性;Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個(gè)事實(shí)。+sb.+doing

sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他“正在干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。Hewasalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleavetheoffice.注意:不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語，與被修飾詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要添加介詞Ihavenotingtoworryabout.不定式在四六級(jí)翻譯中的運(yùn)用由于現(xiàn)在手機(jī)付款很容易，許多消費(fèi)者在購物時(shí)寧愿用手機(jī)付款，而不愿用現(xiàn)金或信用卡。（2018.12）Becauseitisquiteeasytomakeapaymentbyphone,manyconsumerswouldratherpaybymobilephonethanincashorbycreditcard.不定式在四六級(jí)翻譯中的運(yùn)用如今，在中國乘坐地鐵正變得越來越方便。(2018.06)Nowadays,itisbecomingincreasinglyconvenienttotakethesubwayinChina.不定式在四六級(jí)寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤Whatweshoulddoisdecidewhatwecandoandwhatwecan'tdo.Whatweshoulddoistodecidewhatwecandoandwhatwecan'tdo.多個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語不一致Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.

Gerund

動(dòng)名詞1.剪紙是中國民間藝術(shù)的一種獨(dú)特形式，已有2,000多年歷史。(2019.06)AsauniqueChinesefolkart,papercuttinghasbeeninexistenceforover2,000years.1.動(dòng)名詞約等于不可數(shù)名詞，因此作主語時(shí)，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2.動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)也用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動(dòng)名詞后置。常用句式:2)It/Thereisnoneed/harm/hurrydoing...1)It'sworthwhiledoing...3)It'sawasteoftime/money/energydoing...動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別1.對(duì)稱原則:主語和表語對(duì)稱Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.2.動(dòng)名詞做主語表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，

不定式表示具體的、某一次或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。

Climbingmountainsisinteresting.

Toclimbthismountainwilltakeustwohours.3.不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，而把不定式短語后置。

Itwilltakeustwohourstoclimbthemountain.2.動(dòng)名詞既可做動(dòng)詞賓語，也可做介詞的賓語，Mymotherdislikesseeingyouwithme.Heisfondofplayingtennis.下列動(dòng)詞只能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語：admit,dislike,detest,deny,resist

enjoy,practice,escape,avoid,forgivemind,risk,prevent,finish,completesuggest,advise,consider,allow,permit,appreciate口訣：承認(rèn)討厭否認(rèn)抵抗，喜歡實(shí)踐逃避原諒；介意冒險(xiǎn)阻止完成，建議考慮允許欣賞。特別注意：下列這些短語后也只能接動(dòng)名詞。be/getusedto,devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,objectto,prefer...to,referto,payattentionto,stickto,leadto

這些詞組里的to為介詞，而非不定式符號(hào)。在一些動(dòng)詞后，可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但含義有差別。Iforgot___________(lock)thedoor,sowhenIcameback,Ifoundthedooropen.Iforgot____________(lock)thedoor,sowhenIcameback,Ifoundthedoorlocked.forget,remember,regret

+doing

表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；+todo表動(dòng)作未發(fā)生tolocklockinggoondoing

繼續(xù)做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo

接下來做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing

意味著...,意思是...

meantodo

故意或想要做某事trydoing試著做;

trytodo

盡力做，想要做stopdoing

停止做某事stoptodo

停下來做另一件事want,

need,

require+doing

表被動(dòng)=tobedone3.動(dòng)名詞作表語表明主語的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容（有時(shí)可與主語互換）Hisjobisrepairingcars.Repairingcarsishisjob.注意區(qū)分動(dòng)名詞作表語與動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：

Heisrepairingthecars.Hisjobisrepairingcars.

第一句中，is為助動(dòng)詞，repairing為現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成repair的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，此句型為SVO。

而在第二句中，is為系動(dòng)詞，repairing為動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞短語作表語，此句型為SVP。Takingatripunderwaterand______theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,..(2019.06)過去，乘飛機(jī)出行對(duì)大多數(shù)中國人來說是難以想象的。(2018.06)Inthepast,travelingbyplanewasunimaginableformostChinesepeople.Presentparticiple現(xiàn)在分詞分詞分詞=thewindowwhichwasbrokenbychildren分詞Marylookedverydisappointedwhenherparentstoldherthattheresultofherexamisdisappointing.分詞分詞分詞分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式，及獨(dú)立成分。分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之，用過去分詞。_________(hear)

thenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.___________(give)enoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.

________(be)ill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Ourteachercamein,

________(follow)

bymanystudents.Generally__________(speak),itismucheasierforawell-educatedpersontogetajob.(獨(dú)立成分)HearingGivenBeingfollowedspeakingNotice:使用非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語時(shí)，一定要注意，非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一定要與該句話的主語保持一致判斷下列句子正誤并改錯(cuò)。1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.→TolearnEnglishwell,Imustdoalotofpractice.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.→Seenfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.→Beingill,hewassenttohospital.4.Brokenbyhim,Ican'tusethecup.→Brokenbyhim,thecupcan'tbeused.(×)(×)(×)(×)因?yàn)榻裉焓侵苋眨覀儾挥蒙蠈W(xué)。ItbeingSunday,Wedon’thavetogotoschool..分詞在獅子舞中，兩位表演者同披一件獅子服，一個(gè)舞動(dòng)頭部，一個(gè)舞動(dòng)身體和尾巴。(2019.06)Inth