專題01復(fù)習(xí)課（一）Units14重難點梳理（原卷版）

專題01復(fù)習(xí)課（一）·模塊一Unit1:Trees核心知識梳理·模塊二重點語法知識梳理一：現(xiàn)在完成時·模塊三Unit2:Water核心知識梳理·模塊四重點語法知識梳理二：賓語從句·模塊五Unit3:Electricity核心知識梳理·模塊六重點語法知識梳理三：數(shù)詞·模塊七Unit4:Newspapers核心知識梳理·模塊一Unit1:Trees核心知識梳理1.Whatelse…？還有什么……？【記憶鏈接】Whatelsedoyouwanttobuy?你還想買些什么？同類詞：somethingelse/somebodyelse/anyoneelse/everyoneelse【注意】所有格與else連用時，’s要添加在else上。Mybagismorebeautifulthananyoneelse’s.我的包比其他任何人的都好看。Theymakestreetsmorebeautifulandlessnoisy.【記憶鏈接】“more”和“l(fā)ess”用于多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞之前?！癿ore”表示“更加”，“l(fā)ess”表示“不如，較差”。JaneislessbeautifulthanSusan.珍妮沒有蘇珊漂亮。Susan’smorebeautifulthanJane.蘇珊比珍妮更漂亮。And,Isupposeyoualsoenjoybreathingpure,coolair.【記憶鏈接】enjoydoing意為“喜歡做……事，享受做……事的樂趣”。IenjoyreadingbooksathomeonSundays.周日我喜歡在家看書?！就卣埂勘磉_(dá)喜歡的動詞及動詞詞組：bekeenondoing/befondofdoing/likedoing/lovedoing4....produceenoughoxygentokeepyourwholeclassaliveandhealthyforawholeyear.【記憶鏈接】★enough+n.Ihaveenoughtimetofinishthework.我有足夠的時間來完成這份工作?！颽dj./adv.+enoughIt’swarmenoughtoswim.天氣足夠暖和，可以游泳?？季V詞匯梳理:1.ItisreportedthatlastTuesday,ayoungtrafficpolicemanwasknockeddownbyaccidentandsenttothenearbyhospital.據(jù)報道，上周二一名年輕的交警意外地被撞倒，然后送往了就近的醫(yī)院?！就卣?】Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道類似句型Itisbelieved/said/considered/knownthat...，主語從句，可以運用在寫作中?！就卣?】knockdown撞倒 knowoff撞翻【拓展3】byaccident=bychance=accidentally偶然地，碰巧地sb.happentodosth.碰巧做某事2.Asstudents,weagreethatweshouldtakefulladvantageoftimetopracticeourselvesandreceivemoreeducationsothatwewillhaveabrightfuture.作為學(xué)生，我們都同意這樣的說法，我們應(yīng)該充分利用時間來鍛煉自己，接受更多的教育以便今后我們有所成就。【拓展1】agreewith贊成，同意（某人的意見、想法），后接one’sidea,whatonesaysagreeto接受，認(rèn)可（一方提出的建議、安排、計劃等），后接suggestion,plan,proposalagreeon取得一致意見，后接price,thesetermsagreetodosth.同意做某事agreeableadj.贊同的；愉悅的【拓展2】takefulladvantageof充分利用近義詞：makethemost/bestuseof充分利用【拓展3】practicev./n.練習(xí)practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事中考考察后接doing的動詞有：admit,deny,spend,keep,enjoy,imagine,finish,prefer,practice, mind,consider【拓展4】receive收到（客觀性）accept接受（主觀性）IreceivedAmy’sinvitation,butIdidn’tacceptit.【拓展5】sothat結(jié)果狀語從句，句型轉(zhuǎn)換中常考Heworkedhardenoughtogethighmarks.=Heworkedhardsothathegothighmarks.=Heworkedsohardthathegothighmarks.【拓展6】inthefuture在將來infuture從今以后·模塊二重點語法知識梳理一：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時比較：IliveinShanghai.我住在上海。（一般現(xiàn)在時）ImovedtoShanghaitenyearsago.十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般過去時）IhavelivedinShanghaifortenyears.我在上海住了十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時）Ⅰ.構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其中的have/has為助動詞，構(gòu)成疑問句時，可將其提前；構(gòu)成否定句時，可直接在其后加not。Ⅱ.用法1.表結(jié)果：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，可以和already,yet,just等連用。Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已經(jīng)把照片寄了。（照片不在我這里了）haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃午飯了嗎？Yes,Ihavejusthadit.是的，我吃了，我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在不餓了）2.表繼續(xù)：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用。如：thismorning,thesedays,inthelast(past)…,since,foralongtime等。Theyhavelivedheresince1989.自從1989年以來，他們就住在這里。Shehasbeenthereforovertwoyears.她在那里兩年多了。3.表經(jīng)驗：表示從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的事情，常和never,ever,once,threetimes,before等連用。IhaveneverbeentoEgyptbefore.我以前從沒去過埃及。HehasbeentoEgyptthreetimes.他去過埃及3次了。Ⅲ.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示過去的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、生成的結(jié)果等等，而一般過去時只表示在過去的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。(1)A:Haveyouseenthefilm?你看過這部電影嗎？B:Didyouseethefilm?你看過這部電影嗎？A句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；B句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。(2)A:Shehaswateredtheflowers.她已經(jīng)澆了花。（不需要再澆了）B:Shewateredtheflowersyesterday.她昨天澆的花。表示過去的時間狀語如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等，以及when為首的疑問句與一般過去時連用，而不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。(1)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（錯）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.（對）(2)Haveyoueverbeentothegreatwall?Yes,Ihave.Whendidyougothere?Lastweek.Ⅳ.瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞瞬間動詞表示的動作順建即可結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，不能與表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。IhaveleftWuhanfortendays.（錯）IhavebeenawayfromWuhanfortendays.（對）IleftWuhantendaysago.（對）ItistendayssinceIleftWuhan.（對）TendayshaspassedsinceIleftWuhan.（對）瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換Beebe;borrowkeep;buyhave;ebehere;gobeaway;leavebeaway;marrybemarried;havegothave;begintostudystudy;breakbebroken;closebeclosed;diebedead;getupbeup;joinbein;losebelost;openbeopen.Ⅴ.注意點havebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin(1)havebeento表示“過去曾去過某地”，說話時已從該地回來或去了其它地方，總之，現(xiàn)在已不在該地。(2)havegoneto表示“以去了某地”，說話時不在說話地點或在去該地的途中，或已到了該地?？傊?，現(xiàn)在還未回來。(3)havebeenin表示“已在該地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at,而后面跟副詞時只用havebeen，不用任何介詞。XiaoLihavebeentoBeijing.小李去過北京。XiaoLihavegonetoBeijing.小李去了北京。XiaoLihavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.小李在北京待了三年了。since的四種用法(1)since+過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.(2)since+一段時間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.(3)since+從句（從句通常用一般過去時，而主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時）Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.(4)Itis（hasbeen）+一段時間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.★比較since和forSince用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.【注意】：并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)在使用thismorning,thisafternoon,thissummer等時間狀語時，如說話時間仍在此范圍，則用現(xiàn)在完成時，否則用一般過去時。Ihavereviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說話時還在上午）Ireviewedtwolessonsthismorning.今天上午我復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說話時已是下午或晚上）用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次來北京。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.這是這個男孩第三次遲到了。(2)Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌?！つK三Unit2:Water核心知識梳理1.It’snoteasyformetogethere.【記憶鏈接】Itis十a(chǎn)dj.+forsb.(ofsb.)todosth.（對事加以評論／對人加以評論）在這個句型中，it是形式主語，而句子真正的主語是后面的不定式短語ItisimportantforyoutolearnEnglishwell.對你而言，學(xué)好英語很重要。（adj.修飾物，用for）Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。（adj.修飾人，用of）2.Iwaitedthereuntilyoucalledme,andhereIam.【記憶鏈接】★until表示持續(xù)做某事，用延續(xù)性動詞。not…until表示“直到……才”，可以用瞬間動詞。Ididhouseworkuntilmymothercameback.我做家務(wù)做到我媽媽回來?！飊ot...until直到...才，用短暫性動詞。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.直到他媽媽回來，他才去睡覺。3.Thenitwastimetogetcleanedup.【記憶鏈接】It’stimetodosth.表示“是做什么事情的時候了”。它也可以用另外一種句式表達(dá)：It’stimeforsth.It'stimetohavedinner.=It’stimefordinner.是吃晚飯的時候了。4.Whenyou’vefinishedwithme,I'llgotoasewageplant.【記憶鏈接】用will表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。Willyoujoinus?你要加入我們嗎？Yes,wewill./No,wewon't.是的，我們要。／不，我們不要?！颈嫖觥縲ill與begoingto的區(qū)別：begoingto表示事先打算，有意圖要發(fā)生的事。Iamgoingtoplaytabletenniswithmyfriendsthisafternoon.begoingto還表示客觀情況下（非主觀打算）即將要發(fā)生的動作。Theweathermansaysitisgoingtoraintomorrow.天氣預(yù)報員說明天要下雨。考綱詞匯梳理:3.Sometimes,thetiredscientistwantstogiveuptheplanforhehasfailedintheexperimentsometimes,buthestillspendssometimeoniteverydaybecausehebelieveshewillbesuccessfulsometime.有時，那個疲勞的科學(xué)家想要放棄那個計劃，因為他已經(jīng)幾次在實驗中失敗了，但是，他仍每天在這上面花時間，因為他相信，在將來某個時刻會成功的?！就卣?】sometimes有時=attimes=fromtimetotime sometimes幾次；幾倍sometime一段時間 sometime某個時間點【拓展2】failintheexam=failtopasstheexam考試失敗【拓展3】花費的幾個用法:sb.spendtime/money(in)doingsth./onsth.sb.spendtimewithsb.Ittakessb.timetodosth.sb.paymoneyforsth.sb.buy/purchasesth.formoneysth.costsb.somemoneysb.affordtodosth.【拓展4】successn.成功；表示具體的某一件成功的事時可數(shù)successfuladj.成功的succeedv.成功successfullyadv.成功地成功做某事beabletodosth.=candosth.=managetodosth.=besuccessfulindoingsth.=succeedindoingsth.4.Youcantryborrowingsomemoneyfromthisrichwoman,butIamafraidshewon'tlendevenonedollartoyou.你可以試著從那個富有的女人那里借錢，但我恐怕她連一元也不會借給你?！就卣?】borrowsth.fromsb.從某人那借某物lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借給某人某物現(xiàn)在完成時中：Ihaveborrowedkeptthisbookfromthelibraryforthreedays.我已經(jīng)借了三天的書了?！就卣?】trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.=tryone’sbesttodosth.盡力做某事中考中后接doing/todo的動詞有：stop/continue/remembermeantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事5.Tooursurprise,thoughtheresultoftheexamissurprising,theteacherwasnotsurprisedatit.使我們驚訝的是，盡管考試的結(jié)果令人吃驚，但是老師一點都不驚訝?！就卣?】toone’s+n.toone’sgreatjoy使某人高興的是【拓展2】though/although“雖然”是連詞，兩個句子中只能用一個連詞連接，因此不可以與連詞but 連用，可以與副詞still/yet連用?！就卣?】surprisingadj.令人驚訝的surprisedadj.感到驚訝的besurprisedat對...感到驚訝的adj.以ing/ed結(jié)尾的詞有：bored/boring,interested/interesting...大多以ing結(jié)尾的單詞是修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的單詞是修飾人，但也有例外：Heisaboringman.他是一個令人感到無聊的人?！つK四重點語法知識梳理二：賓語從句Ⅰ.概念賓語是動作、行為的對象，是動作的承受者。句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一個句子充當(dāng)賓語時，我們把這個句子叫做賓語從句。Ilikemyteacher.（名詞作賓語）Iknowhim.（代詞作賓語）Ienjoyplayingbasketball.（動名詞作賓語）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作賓語）WeknowthatYaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.賓語從句就是由一個句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語，并有一個連接詞引導(dǎo)。Ⅱ.分類動詞的賓語從句Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.介詞的賓語從句Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.形容詞的賓語從句,即系詞+心理狀態(tài)形容詞+賓語Iamafraidthathecan'tfinishthework.Ⅲ.三要素語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。即主語+謂語的順序。如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.注意：在賓語從句中帶有特殊疑問詞但句序不變的句子：What’sthematterwithyou?/What’swrongwithyou?/Whathappenedtoyou?/What’syourtrouble?/What’syourproblem?/What’sup?Whoissing?Whichisthewaytothestation?時態(tài)若主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。即從句可用所需任何時態(tài)，如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?HesaysMaryisplayingwiththecat.HesaysMaryoftenplayswiththecat.HesaysMarywillplaywiththecat.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時），如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.【注意】直接引語變間接引語時態(tài)的變化：Hesaid,“Maryisplayingwiththecat.”→HesaidMarywasplayingwiththecat.Hesaid,“hewillgobacktoChinasoon.”→HesaidhewouldgobacktoChinasoon如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句時態(tài)的限制，如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Theteachersaid,“themoonmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Hesaid,“l(fā)ighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.當(dāng)主句為Couldyou(please)tellus...?時，只表示語氣，而不表示過去時態(tài)。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillleaveforShanghai?連接詞引導(dǎo)陳述句用that（在口語或非正式文體中常常省略）。動詞一般為think/believe/consider...Hesays,“Youareright.”HesaysthatIamright.注意：人稱的變化引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用if或whether。動詞一般為ask/wonder/don’tknow...Heasks,“Willyougothere?”HeasksifIwillgothere?【注意】下列幾種情況通常使用whether：①與ornot連用：Letmeknowwhetheryoucaneornot.②在介詞之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞。Heasks,“Wherewillyougo?”HeaskswhereIwillgo.【注意】賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換①當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。IhopethatIcanreceiveyouremail.→Ihopetoreceiveyouremail.②當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.→Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.③當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell，show，teach等時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?→Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?·模塊五Unit3:Electricity核心知識梳理1.Shethinksshecanbuyitinpackets,likesweets！【記憶鏈接】句中can是一個情態(tài)動詞，意為“能，可能”。情態(tài)動詞無詞性變化，表主語或說話者的語氣?！锟隙ň洌褐髡Z+can+動詞原形……Icanswim.我會游泳。★否定句：主語+cannot(can’t)+動詞原形……Ican’tswim.我不會游泳?！镆蓡柧洌篊an+主語+動詞原形……回答：Yes,+主語十can./No,+主語+can’t.Canyouswim?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.2.…althoughelectricityismuchmoredangerousthanwater.【記憶鏈接】★more+adj.+than…Isthissnakemoredangerousthanthatone?這條蛇比那一條更危險嗎？★more十n./phrase十than…TherearemorestudentsinClass3thanthoseinClass2.三班的學(xué)生比二班的多?！就卣埂筷P(guān)于比較級和最高級:★對于單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞我們一般在后面加上er和est。smallsmallersmallest;bigbiggerbiggest,funnyfunnierfunniestslowslowerslowest;fastfasterfastest但要注意一些由形容詞變化而來的副詞，雖然其形式上為雙音節(jié)，但它們的比較級和最高級要加more和most。slowlymoreslowlythemostslowly;friendlymorefriendlythemostfriendly;happilymorehappilythemosthappily★對于多音節(jié)的形容詞，它們的比較級和最高級要加more和most。beautifulmorebeautifulthemostbeautiful;dangerousmoredangerousthemostdangerous,3.Youmustalwaysbecarefulwithit.【記憶鏈接】句中must是一個情態(tài)動詞，意為“必須，一定”。★肯定句：主語+must+動詞原形……Imustgohomenow.我現(xiàn)在必須回家。★否定句：主語+mustnot(mustn’t)+動詞原形……Youmustn’tsmokehere.不準(zhǔn)你在這抽煙。★疑問句：Must+主語+動詞原形……回答：Yes,十主語+must.／No,+主語十needn’t.MustIgohomenow?Yes,youmust.／No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.現(xiàn)在我必須回家嗎？是的，你必須。／不，你不必。4.MayIhavemypacketofelectricity?【記憶鏈接】句中may是一個情態(tài)動詞，意為“可以”?！锟隙ň洌褐髡Z+may+動詞原形…Youmaysitdown.你可以坐下?！锓穸ň洌褐髡Z+maynot+動詞原形……Youmaynotsitdown.你不可以坐下?！镆蓡柧洌篗ay+主語+動詞原形……回答：Yes,+主語+may./No,+主語+maynot.MayIsitdown?Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot/can’t/mustn’t.我可以坐下嗎？是的，你可以。／不，你不可以?？季V詞匯梳理:1.Thesupportfromhiswholefamilygavehimconfidencetosolvethedifficultproblemandfinallyhenotonlydiscoveredanewdiseasebutalsoinventednewmedicineagainstit.來自他全家的支持給了他解決難題的信心，最終他不僅發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的疾病而且發(fā)明了新藥抵制這種疾病?！就卣?】supportv./n.支持support=beinfavorof支持 beagainst反對【拓展2】confidentadj.有信心的 confidencen.信心be/feelconfidentof=haveconfidencein對...有信心的【拓展3】solvev.解決 solutionn.解決方法thesolutiontotheproblem問題的解決方法 thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙theanswertothequestion問題的答案 thewaytosp.去...的路thetickettoShanghai去上海的票 theticketforconcert演唱會的門票【拓展4】就近原則notonly...butalso不但而且/neither...nor...兩者都不/either...or要么...要么.../ Therebe就遠(yuǎn)原則like/(along)with/aswellas/but/except【拓展5】inventv.發(fā)明 inventorn.發(fā)明家 inventionn.發(fā)明物medicinen.藥 medicaladj.藥物的 2.Sincethecleverboyrealizesthathehimselfiskeenonphysics,hemakesadecisiontostudythisinterestingsubjectwellwiththehelpofhisteacher.由于那個聰明的男孩意識到他自己熱愛物理，他決定在老師的幫助下好好學(xué)這個有趣的學(xué)科。【拓展1】bekeenon對...喜愛的=befondof=becrazyabout【拓展2】since=nowthat既然，因為（明顯的理由）Sinceitisrainingnow,youcanstoptohavearest.既然天正在下雨，你可以停下來休息一下。【拓展3】realizev.意識到；實現(xiàn) realize=etrue實現(xiàn)Finallysherealizedherdream.最終她實現(xiàn)了夢想。=Herdreamcametruefinally.（sth.做主語，無被動）【拓展4】makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.=bedeterminedtodosth.決定做某事【拓展5】withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助下=thankstosb.WiththehelpofAmy,Ipassedtheexam.=ThankstoAmy,Ipassedtheexam.·模塊六重點語法知識梳理三：數(shù)詞Ⅰ.數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞備注onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvefirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetythirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetieth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣序數(shù)詞不難記，基數(shù)詞后加上th.遇到ty結(jié)尾詞，y先變i再加e.8少t，9少e.面目全非三二一，ve結(jié)尾五/十二。換成f須仔細(xì)。若是碰到幾十幾，只將個位改為序。注意：基數(shù)詞主要表示數(shù)量。十位和個位之間須用連字符號，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間要用and。如：31thirtyone序數(shù)詞主要表示順序，前面常用定冠詞。注意第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二等。第2129，31……9199的序數(shù)詞形式，只變個位數(shù)，而十位數(shù)則用基數(shù)詞，若是多位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，只需將末位數(shù)字變成序數(shù)詞，前面的數(shù)詞不變，當(dāng)序數(shù)詞用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示時，必須在該數(shù)字之后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母。如：第31thirtyfirst.百以上的序數(shù)詞表示方法；hundredhundredth,thousandthousandth.千以上的數(shù)字讀法：從后面往前每三位數(shù)字作為一個單位，用逗號分開。第一個逗號讀作thousand,第二個“，”讀作million。另外，“萬”用tenthousand,“十萬”用ahundredthousand表示，billion在美國為十億，英國的十億是onethousandmillion。二：年份&日期&時刻&編號的表示法類別說明例詞讀法年份表示在某年用介詞in+數(shù)字，讀時每兩個數(shù)字為一組以區(qū)別于整數(shù)。in1987in1056in2000innineteeneightysevenintenfiftysixintwothousand月份表示在某月用in+月份，月份的首字母要大寫，其縮寫形式為這個詞的前三個字母。inApril(Apr.)inMarch(Mar.)日期其順序是：月日（年），月年。有日時用介詞on，無日則用in,在月（日）與年之間用逗號分開。theyear776BC(公元前776年）onJanuary16inMay,2010onJuly1,1921onJanuarythesixteenthinMay,twentytenonJulythefirst,nineteentwentyone年代世紀(jì)表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時，用十的倍數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其前用in，且年代前用the。inthe1990sinhisfiftiesinthenineteennineties幾點鐘“在幾點”用介詞at+數(shù)字，o’clock可省略，如區(qū)分上下午，可在時間后加a.m.或p.m.at10:30at4p.m.atteno’clockatfourp.m.幾點幾分正讀法：先讀小時，再讀分鐘，倒讀法：前半小時為‘分鐘數(shù)+past+點鐘數(shù)’，30分鐘用half，15分鐘用aquarter，后半小時為‘60分鐘數(shù)+to+未來的點鐘數(shù)’at2:40at6:05at12:45attwothirty/halfpasttwoatsixfive/fivepastsixattwelvefortyfive/aquartertoone編號一般編碼用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”表示，強(qiáng)調(diào)“編號”，用“序數(shù)詞+名詞”著重“順序”。其讀法為“見幾讀幾”，連續(xù)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的數(shù)可用double，零可用0或zero。郵政編碼：510640Room502Class2,Grade5Part5BusNo.16Roomfive0twoClasstwo,GradefivePartFiveBusnumbersixteen特殊數(shù)字的表示及讀法舉例/分類規(guī)則例詞讀法小數(shù)小數(shù)以基數(shù)詞加熊啊書店表示，點讀point，其前按數(shù)詞規(guī)則讀，其后的數(shù)一個個地讀。0.35.61zero/naughtpointthreefivepointsixone分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成，分子大于1時，分母序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)1/21/43/43/202a/onehalfa/onequarter,onefourththreefourths/threequartersthreetwentiethstwoandfourfifths百分?jǐn)?shù)%讀percent,百分?jǐn)?shù)還可分開寫percent.45%fortyfivepercent大約數(shù)“正好”用exactly,clearly,precisely,大約用“about,nearly,some,towards,moreorless+數(shù)字”或less放在后面，還可用somethinglike,intheneighborhoodof,aday/week/month/yearortwo,“總共”用inall,total.大約1000人大約1小時50以上不到3010天左右40上下大約100畝地about/almost1000peopleabout/almostanhourmorethan/over/above50lessthan/under/below30sometendays/tendaysorsofortymoreorless/aboutfortyintheneighborhoodofahundredacresofland倍數(shù)一倍once,兩倍twice,三倍threetimesA比B大（高，長，寬）6倍增加了2倍=增至3倍=為......Aissixtimesbigger/higher/broader/longer/widerthanB.=Aissixtimesasbig/highasB.CisthreetimeslessthanD.一些數(shù)學(xué)公式的表示法A+B=?AB=?A×B=?A÷B=?3+6=993=63×9=279÷3=3A>BA<BA≠BA≈BHowmuchisAplusB?HowmuchisAminusB?HowmuchisAtimesB?HowmuchisAdividedbyB?3plus/and6is9.9minus3is6.3from9is6.Threetimesnineistwentyseven.Ninedividedbythreeisthree.AismorethanB.AislessthanB.AisnotequaltoB.AapproximatelyequalsB.注意一些數(shù)詞習(xí)慣表達(dá)：tentoone十有八九sixesandsevens亂七八糟twosandthrees三三兩兩aoneeyedcat獨眼貓atwodayholiday連天的假期athreelegedchair三條腿的椅子比例表示法：Oneineightjoinedtheclub.八分之一的人參加了這個俱樂部。Oneinahundredsurvivedtheearthquake.百分之一的人在這次地震中活了下來。數(shù)詞的其他用法1.數(shù)量增加的表示及譯法increase(rise,grow,goup...)表示數(shù)量的增加increase(rise...)3times增加2倍increase(rise...)by15%增長15%6timesasmuchas...6倍那么多，多5倍halfaslongas...一般那么長30percentasheavyas...百分之三十那么重onefourthasgreatas...四分之一那么大2.數(shù)量減少的表示及譯法reduceto15%降到15%，減少85%reduceby20%減少20%fall/dropby10%下降10%fifteenpercentdiscount八五折thirtypercentdiscount七折3.年齡的表示法1）他8歲。Heiseightyearsold./Heisaneightyearoldboy.2)大概年齡表示法：他父親60多歲去世的。A.Hisfatherdiedinhissixties.B.Sheisstillinherfifties.她才50多歲。C.Heisinhisearlythirties.他30歲出頭。D.Sheisabout/aroundforty.她40歲左右。E.Heiscloseto70.他快70歲了。F.Sheisalmost80.她差不多80了。十幾歲（從1319歲）的說法：inhisteens十幾歲inhisearlyteens十三四歲“不滿....歲”的表示法：Heisjustundertwenty.他還不到20歲Mymotheristwoyearsoffsixty.再過兩年我媽就60歲了。Heisgoingoneightyyearsold.他年近80歲。Shewillbe18yearsoldnextweek.下周她就18歲了。年歲的其他表示法：成年beofage,未成年beunderage,年邁befarinyears已到上學(xué)年齡beofschoolage,超齡beoverage使用英語數(shù)詞和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字注意事項使用數(shù)字時，應(yīng)該遵循以下原則：A.10以下的數(shù)用英語數(shù)詞，100以上的數(shù)用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B.10100之間的數(shù)用英語數(shù)詞或阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字均可。·模塊七Unit4:Newspapers核心知識梳理ImportantSentencesstructures:1.Istartedtakingnotes.【記憶鏈接】startdoingsth.=starttodosth.開始做某事Hestartedtoworkafterarrivingatthepany.一到公司他就開始工作。2.…orshouldtheypayforit?【記憶鏈接】paymoneyforsth.為……付款【辨析】Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth./indoingsth.Sth.costsb.somemoneyIttakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Sb.buy/purchasesth.formoneyIpaid20yuanforthebook.=Ispent20yuanonthebook.=Thebookcostme20yuan.我花20元錢買的這本書。3.Whatshouldwecallit?【記憶鏈接】情態(tài)動詞(should/shouldnot,oughtto/oughtnotto)should和oughtto多用于勸告或建議，語氣委婉。Yououghtto/shouldbepatientwithyourparents.你應(yīng)該對你的父母有耐心。Youngpeopleoughtnotto/shouldn’tsmoke.年輕人不應(yīng)該吸煙?！就卣埂縮hould有“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”的意思，shouldn’t有“不應(yīng)該”、責(zé)備的意味?？季V詞匯梳理:1.Besideseatingmorevegetablesandlessmeat,thesefatmenhavetotakeseveralexercisessuchasplayingbasketball,runninginordertoloseweight.除了多吃蔬菜少吃肉，這些肥胖的男人們必須做一些鍛煉來減肥，例如打籃球，跑步?！就卣?】“除了”系列Weallpassedtheexam,exceptAmy.(同類排除)Thearticleisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.(異類排除)BesidesAmy,weallpassedtheexam.除了Amy通過了考試，我們也通過了。(相加)【拓展2】exerciseun.鍛煉takeexercise做晨練exercisecn.練習(xí);體操doeyeexercises做眼操exercisev.鍛煉【拓展3】suchas例如，后接名詞，多個例子forexample=forinstance例如，后接句子，單個例子【拓展4】inorderto為了Heworkshardinordertogethighmarks.=Heworkshardthathecangethighmarks.【拓展5】loseweight減肥(不可以說losefat) goonadiet節(jié)食2.Itisverykindofyoutohelpusrepairthisnewputerforitisdifficultforustofinishtheworkwithoutitintime.你太好了，幫我們修好了這臺新電腦，因為對我們來說，沒有它要及時完成工作是困難的?！就卣?】Itis+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.adj.修飾人時用of，修飾事/物時用for【拓展2】幫助某人做某事helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.todosth.=helpsb.withsth.dosb.afavor=givesb.ahand【拓展3】intime及時 ontime按時3.Allthemembersinthisclubareworriedaboutthechangesofclimatesotheyperformanactivitytoaskmorepeopletoprotectenvironment.這個俱樂部的所有成員都擔(dān)心氣候的變化，因此他們發(fā)起一個活動讓更多的人來保護(hù)環(huán)境?！就卣?】be/feelworriedaboutsth.=worryaboutsth.【拓展2】performv.表現(xiàn) performancen.表現(xiàn)；外貌Whatagreatperformancetheygave!【拓展3】asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事 askforsth.要求某物【拓展4】protectionn.保護(hù)protect...from保護(hù)...免受...1．—Whichmonthis________monthofayear?—_________.A．fifth,May B．thefifth,May C．fiveth,March D．thefivety,March2．—Yourlittlesisterpaintsverywell.Whotaughther?—Nobody.Shelearneditby________.A．himself B．herself C．myself D．yourself3．Wouldyoupleaseshowme_________choice,Jenny?A．your B．yours C．you D．yourselves4．Helen’sfathertookadoghome.Itmade________veryhappy.A．herself B．she C．her D．hers5．TheCityParkisagoodplaceforustotakeawalkaftersupper,________insummer.A．simply B．hardly C．especially D．pletely6．—Idon’tknowhowtofillouttheform.Canyouhelpme?—________A．Thankyouverymuch. B．That’stoobad.C．Sure,noproblem. D．Goodluck.7．Wecan’tthrowplasticbags________theanimalsinthezoo.A．into B．off C．towards D．opposite8．Supermanisstrongandbrave.He________flythroughtheskyandfightbadpeople.A．could B．can C．must D．need9．—Couldyoupleasefeedthechickens?—Sorry,I________.A．can’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t10．—CanIuseyourbike,Jim?—________.Justremembertoreturnittometomorrow.A．Feelfree B．Takecare C．Excuseme D．Notatall11．Inordertomakenomistakes,shedoesherhomework________.A．carefulenough B．enoughcareful C．carefullyenough D．enoughcarefully12．——Iwonder

______Janegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.——Becauseshealwayscaresmuchaboutothers.A．whether B．how C．when D．why13．—Areyougoingcampingthisafternoon?—Typhoon(臺風(fēng))Chabaising.I’mnotsure________theroadtothemountainswillbeclosed.A．which B．whatC．whether D．why14．Doyouunderstand________peopledon’twanttotalktoPeter?A．what B．why C．where D．which15．Hedidn’tknowEnglishatall,sohecan’tunderstand______themachine.A．whattocontrol B．tocontrolwhat C．howtocontrol D．tocontrolhow16．—Chinaisagreatcountrywithahistoryofaboutfive______years.—Yes.And______offoreignersetovisititeveryyear.A．thousand;thousand B．thousands;thousands C．thousand;thousands D．thousands;thousand17．Myteacher________severalbookssincethen.A．wrote B．haswritten C．writes D．hadwritten18．—Haveyou______thebirthdaygiftforyourmum?—Yes,andshe’lllikeit,Ithink.A．make B．buy C．chose D．chosen19．—IhopeI’mnotlate.—I’mafraidthemeeting________already.A．hasstarted B．willstart C．isstarting D．starts20．—Wewillhaveavolleyballgametomorrowafternoon.—________I’msureyouwillwin.A．Noproblem. B．Goodluck! C．Excuseme. D．Notreally.21．Mymotherlooksaftermeandneverthinksabout________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself22．TomhasbeeninChina________hewasborn.A．since B．while C．before D．until23．Xuwassad_________shemissedhermotherverymuch.A．because B．though C．where D．why24．—MrsSmart,thankyoufortakinggoodcareofusinthepastyears.—________A．Thanksalot. B．Sure,noproblem. C．Youarewele. D．That’sagoodidea.25．Theplaywasverylong.Itdidn’tend________itwas9:30intheevening.A．if B．unless C．until D．because26．Hewasdoingexerciseinthepark________IwasstudyingEnglishathome.A．where B．a(chǎn)fter C．before D．while27．Thetemperaturereached37℃today,________mostpeopletospendaslittletimeoutdoorsaspossible.A．introducing B．counting C．protecting D．leading28．—PeterandJudyareplanningtogetmarried.—Idon’tthinkthey________getmarried.They’veknowneachotherforsuchashorttime!A．should B．could C．may D．must29．—Ideeplybelieveinthepowerofmusic.—That’strue.Musicbringsustogether________whenweareapart.A．sothat B．a(chǎn)ssoonas C．unless D．eventhough30．—DoyouknowagroupofwildelephantslefttheXishuangbannaNationalNatureReserve(西雙版納國家自然保護(hù)區(qū))andstartedmovingnorth.—Yes,Icouldn’tstopworryingaboutthem________theywentbackhome.A．until B．because C．though D．if31．—Feelfreetoaskmeifyouneedanyhelp.—_________.A．Notatall B．YouareweleC．Thankyouverymuch D．It’snothing32．—ThankyouforshowingusaroundRadioBeijing.—_______A．eon! B．Noproblem! C．Notreally. D．That’stoobad.33．—IwilltrymybesttowinintheSchoolTalentShow.—Ifso,allofuswillbe________you.A．proudof B．carefulwith C．strictwith D．worriedwith34．Sir,you________useyourmobilephoneatthegasstation(煤氣站).It’sdangerous.A．mustn’t B．don’thaveto C．needn’t D．maynot35．Toreducepollution,itisvery________forustochoosepublictransport.A．successful B．harmful C．meaningful D．careful36．Theidiom(成語)“Mengzi’smothermakesthreemoves.”tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebest________forherchild.A．information B．instruction C．environment D．treatment37．Lucywas________thanherbrother.Shemadenomistakes.A．morecareful B．morecareless C．themostcareful D．themostcareless38．—DidyoudoanythingspecialonFather’sDay?—Yes.Imademyfatheracardinthe________ofahearttoshowmylove.A．symbol B．colour C．shape D．model39．—AboyfromHefeimadeamodelplane________byhimselfinamonth.—Withoutanyhelp?Heissoexcellent.A．a(chǎn)lmost B．hardly C．mainly D．heavily40．—Ican________seethewordsinthenewspaper.Pleasepassmemyglasses.—Hereyouare,Grandpa.A．loudly B．nearly C．slowly D．hardly41．—Couldweplayfootballafterthemovie,Mum?—No,you________.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．couldn’t42．Ididn’tseeheragain_______sheca