牛津譯林版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅰ》2024年同步練習(xí)卷

牛津譯林版（2019）必修3《Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionⅠ》2024年同步練習(xí)卷一、閱讀理解1．Throughouthistoryscientistshaveriskedtheirhealthandtheirlivesintheirsearchforthetruth.SirIssacNewton，theseventeenthcenturyscientistwasverysmart，butthatdidn'tstophimfromdoingsomeprettystupidthings.InhislaboratoryinCambridge，whiletestinghowlightpassesthroughlenses（晶狀體），heputalongneedleintohiseye，andthenmoveditaroundjusttoseewhatwouldhappen.Luckily，therewasnolastingbadeffect.Onanotheroccasion，foraslongashecouldbear，todiscoverwhateffectthiswouldhaveonhissight.Toescapesufferingpermanentdamage，hehadtospendsomedaysinadarkroombeforehiseyesrecovered.Inthe1750s，theSwedishchemistKarlScheele，wasthefirstpersontofindawaytoproducephosphorus（磷），infact，discoveredeightmorechemicalelements（氯），thoughhedidn'tgetanyplaceforthem.Hewasaverycleverscientist，buthehadastrangehabitoftastingalittleofeverysubstancehestudied.Thisriskypracticefinallycaughtupwithhim.In1786，surroundedbyalargenumberofdangerouschemicals，anyofwhichmighthavebeenresponsibleforhisdeath.EugeneShoemakerwasarespectedgeologist，hespentalargepartofhislifestudyingcraters（隕石坑），andhowtheywereformed，heandhiswifewereintheAustraliandesert，wheretheywenteveryyearsearchforplaceswherecometsmighthavehittheearth.WhiledrivingintheTanamdesert，anothervehiclerushedintothem，andShoemakerdiedonthespot.Someofhisashes（骨灰），aspacecraft，andheistheonlypersonwhohasthishonor.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"permanent"inParagraph2mean？A．Brief.B．Slight.C．LastingD．Ordinary.（2）WhatdidKarlScheelelikedoingwhenperformingexperiments？A．Tastingchemicals.B．Stayingintheemptylabs.C．Experimentingindarkness.D．Workingtogetherwithothers.（3）WhatspecialhonorwasShoemakergivenafterhisdeath？A．HewasburiedintheTanamidesert.B．Someofhisasheswereplacedonthemoon.C．OnecometofJupiterwasnamedafterhim.D．AspacecraftcarryinghimtravelledaroundJupiter.（4）Thetextismainlyaboutthreegreatscientists'.A．specialhonorsB．greatachievementsC．famousexperimentsD．sufferingintheirresearch2．JaneGoodallisbestknownforher26﹣yearstudyofthechimpsinthewild.There，shemadeseveralrevolutionarydiscoveriesthatmadeheroneofthegreatestfieldscientistsofthe20thcentury.BorninLondonin1934，theexpectationsforJanewerestandardforthetime：amarriagetoaniceman，followedbyafewchildren.Fortunately（幼蟲）tobed；ratherthanscreaming，andtogether，theytookthembacktothegarden.JanewasabookwormwhoadmiredDoctorDolittleandlovedtheTarzannovels.Readingdiditsusuallyquietbutlife﹣changingthing：JanedevelopedadreamtogotoAfricaandliveamongthewildanimals.JanerealizedherdreamonJuly14，1960whenshearrivedatGombeStreamGameReservetostudythechimps.However，fortwomonths，runningawayfromher."ThemoreIthoughtofthetaskIhadsetmyself，themorediscouragedIbecame，"JanewroteinherfirstbookEventually，shebecamefamiliarwithamalechimpandhisbigfamily.Sheobservedthemkiss，hug，andshaketheirfingersateachother.Shewatchedthemactveryhuman﹣like.Oneday，movingquietlythroughthejungle，Janesawthemalechimpsitbesidealargetermitemound（白蟻土堆）Inanycase，Jane'sdiscoverybecamethetalkofthescientificworld.Harvard'sStephenJayGouldobserved，"Wemustnowre﹣thinkwhatthewords'tool'and'man'meanoracceptchimpsashumans."（1）WhatdidJane'smotherdowhenshefoundthewormsonthebed？A．Shestudiedthemcarefully.B．Sheshoutedatherdaughter.C．Shethrewthemintothegarden.D．Sheexplainedtheylikedthesoil.（2）WhichisthemajorreasonthatmadeJanedreamtoworkinthewild？A．DoctorDolittle'sinvitation.B．Herinterestinchimps.C．Thereadinginherchildhood.D．Hermother'sencouragement.（3）HowdidJanefeelduringthefirsttwomonthsinAfrica？A．Lonely.B．Frightened.C．Hopeless.D．Content.（4）WhatdidStephenJayGould'swordsimply？A．Chimpsshouldbeacceptedashumans.B．Jane'sdiscoveryisofgreatimportance.C．Onlyhumanbeingsknowhowtomakeuseoftools.D．Thescientistsshouldconfirmthemeaningofthewords.二、信息匹配3．CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistTheFreeDictionarydefines（定義）ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences，especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.（1）Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.Curiosity（2）ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn'thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder，thenhe/shenevergetstothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience（3）Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceivedsomeeducationonscience，youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou'reaninstant﹣gratification（及時(shí)滿足的）typeofpersonEthical（道德的）qualitiesInordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood，ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople'slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings，sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercial（商業(yè)的）（反駁）byevidenceisdishonest.（4）WorkinghabitsAnexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation，keepingitinmindandrecordingit.（5）He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.C.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.D.However，thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups，dependingonwhat'sneeded.F.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge，youhavetothinkdifferently.G.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.三、單詞拼寫4．Therecanbenodoubtthatyouwillsucceedinyour（科學(xué)的）research.5．Hecouldfacea（控告）ofillegallyimportingweapons.6．Allapplicantswillbeconsideredregardlessofage，sex，religionor（國籍）.7．Hemaystillfacecriminal（指控）.8．He（砰地關(guān)上）thedoorwhenthefootballmatchwaspostponed.9．It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim，butresearch（表明）thatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.10．（共和國）havepresidentswhoareelected，ratherthankingsorqueens.11．Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepbecausetheydidnothavessafetydata.

牛津譯林版（2019）必修3《Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionⅠ》2024年同步練習(xí)卷參考答案與試題解析一、閱讀理解1．【解答】（1）C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文"Onanotheroccasionhestaredatthesunforaslongashecouldbear，他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著太陽看，眼睛才恢復(fù)過來，IsaacNewton不得不在一間黑暗的房間里呆上幾天，說明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的傷害。A.Brief.簡短的；C.Lasting.永久的。故選C。（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Hewasaverycleverscientist，但他有一個(gè)奇怪的習(xí)慣。。"可知，故選A。（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Someofhisashes（骨灰）weresenttothemoonaboardtheLunarProspectorspacecraftandleftthere—heistheonlypersonwhohashadthishonor.他的一些骨灰被月球勘探者號飛船送到月球并留在那里﹣﹣他是唯一一個(gè)獲得這項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)的人，尤金?舒梅克死后得到的特別榮譽(yù)是他的一些骨灰被留在了月球。（4）D.主旨大意題。通讀全文，科學(xué)家們一直在冒著健康和生命危險(xiǎn)尋找真相，本文主要介紹了歷史上幾位冒著生命和健康的危險(xiǎn)尋找真相的科學(xué)家，故選D。2．【解答】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"OncemotherthatJanebroughtaofbedthan，shethatnewfriendstheto，and，theythemtogarden.（有一次；她沒有尖叫，她的新的小朋友'需要土壤來存活。）"可知，她解釋說它們喜歡土壤。（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"Readingitsquietlife﹣changingdevelopedatotoandamongwild，閱讀往往是平靜卻能改變生活的，和野生動物生活在一起，簡夢想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年時(shí)代的閱讀。（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中"'TheIthoughttheIhadmyselfmoreIbecame，'wroteherbook..."可知，我就越泄氣，簡在非洲的頭兩個(gè)月感覺很絕望。（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中最后一句"'Wenowwhatwordsandmeanacceptas，哈佛大學(xué)的StephenGould說："我們現(xiàn)在必須重新思考'工具'和'人'的含義。"由此推斷出Jay。故選B。二、信息匹配3．【解答】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前文TheFreeDictionarydefines（定義）ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences，特別是自然科學(xué)或物理科學(xué)"，故選C．（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)下一句話ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork表示"像托馬斯?愛迪生和喬治?威斯汀豪斯這樣的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)事物主要是因?yàn)樗麄兿胫朗挛锸侨绾喂ぷ鞯?，故選B．（3）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)下一句Thereare