重慶市第一中學2024-2025學年高三上學期開學考試英語試題 含解析

2024年重慶一中高2025屆高三上期開學摸底測試英語試題卷英語試題卷共11頁。滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時，務必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3.考試結束后，請將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onanairplane.B.Onabus.C.Inashop.2.Howmuchdoesthewomanfinallyofferfortheblouse?A.$54.B.$51.C.$48.3.Whatdidthemanfeelgratefulfor?A.Theteamwork.B.Somerecommendations.C.Hisresearch.4.Whocoststheleast?A.Apianist.B.Aguitarist.C.Ajazzsinger.5.Whydoesthemanpayextra?A.Hewantstobuythebook.B.Heborrowedthebook.C.Hereturnedthebooklate.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6、7題。6.WhydoesSusanwanttoliveinasmalltown?A.Foritsquietenvironment.B.Foraneasyjob.C.Foritslowhousingprice.7.WhathasChristopherdecidedtodobeforemoving?A.Tobuyahouse.B.Tofindajob.C.Toknowtheplace.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Adoptahomelesscat.B.Workasavolunteer.C.Donateforacatshelter.9.Howdidthemanreacttothewoman’sideaofgettingBarbieaboyfriend?A.Hescreamed.B.Helaughed.C.Henodded.10.Whatwillthetwospeakersdointheend?A.Trytoreachanagreement.B.Continuetotalkaboutit.C.TurntoDanielforthedecision.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至13題。11.Whyisthewomantryingtoloseweight?A.Forhermarriage.B.Forherfriend’swedding.C.Forherownhealth.12.Howisthewoman’sweightlossplangoing?A.Itdoesn’tworkatall.B.Itisn’tgoingaswellasexpected.C.Ithasn’tbeencarriedoutyet.13.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Nottoeatmuch.B.Toexercisemore.C.Tomindwhattoeat.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至17題。14.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforàhigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.15.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?A.Worsethanbefore.B.Asgoodasbefore.C.Betterthanbefore.16.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothecompany.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory.B.Disappointing.C.Justso-so.聽下面一段獨白，回答第18至20題。18.WhendidthespeakerbegintolearnChinese?A.27yearsago.B.7yearsago.C.10yearsago.19.WhichofthefollowingmeansfluencyinChineseinthespeaker’sopinion?A.Readinganewspaperquicklyenough.B.Answeringteachers’questionsinChinese.C.Talkingfreelywithoutreferringtoatext.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.HowonecangainfluencyinChinese.B.HowlongittakestobefluentinChinese.CWhyfluencyinChineseisofgreatimportance.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACityWalkinShanghaiWhenitcomestoShanghai,themajorityofpeoplewouldthinkoficonicattractionssuchastheBundandNanjingRoad.However,beyondthesewell-knownplaces,ShanghaiisliterallyoneofthemostsuitablecitiesinChinaforleisurelyurbanstrolls,i.e.citywalk.Now,let’stakealookatseveralexceptionallyfamousroadsinShanghaiandsavoraratherpleasantcitywalktogetherunderthefantasticwutongtrees.AnfuRd.AnfuRoadisagatheringplacefortrendsettersinShanghai,cateringprimarilytoyoungcustomersandembodyingarelaxedvibe.Alongthestreet,you’llfindavarietyofbrandsincludingfashionstreetwearlabels,boutiques,semi-openbrunchrestaurants,afternoonteaspots,handmadejewelrystores,fragranceshops,vintageboutiques,beautypop-upstores,bakeries,andmore.Mostoftheshopsadoptanindustrialminimaliststylefortheirinteriordecoration.Orderingacupofcoffeein13DEMARZOandeitherwaitingforitortakingitupstairstobrowsethroughtheclothesisaspecialexperiencethatcannotbefoundinanyshoppingmallelsewhere.WukangRd.WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.FindacozyartsycaféonWukangRoad,sitbythewindow,andholdacupofhotcoffeeinyourhands.Asyouindulgeintheluxuryofdoingnothing,savorthewarmthofthewintersunglintingofftheshinywutongtreesliningtheroad.HuaihaiRd.(M)HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shaped(可頌形狀的)gyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.SinanRd.Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.Amidstthebustlingcityscape,itprovidesasereneandpoeticretreat,richinculturalheritageandembodyingthedistinctivecharmofShanghai.1.Whichcitywalkrouteoffersauniqueshoppingexperience?A.AnfuRd. B.WukangRd. C.HuaihaiRd.(M) D.SinanRd.2.WhomdoesHuaihaiRd.(M)suitbest?A.Ethan,whoadorese-sportsandcomputerequipment.B.Olivia,whomajorsinChinesecontemporaryhistory.C.Wade,whoiskeenonfitnessdevicesandpreferinnovativethings.D.Chloe,whodoesresearchinEuropean-stylearchitecture.3.WhatdoWukangRd.andSinanRd.haveincommon?A.Bothareknownfortheirtrendyfashionboutiquesandstreetwearlabels.B.Bothfeatureiconicbuildingswithhistoricalsignificance.C.Botharepopularamongyoungcustomers.D.Bothofferavarietyofsemi-openbrunchrestaurantsandafternoonteaspots.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了上海城市漫步幾條特別著名的道路?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（上?；春Ｂ分新窡o疑是年輕一代的最愛，也是這座城市最具活力的商業(yè)街之一。當你走在這條路上，兩旁的梧桐樹帶著一種獨特的浪漫氣息，這是典型的上海。路邊各種各樣的時尚商店為這條路增添了更多的精致和魅力。在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一個巨大的牛角面包形狀的健身房，在那里你可以拍出獨特的照片。）可知上?；春Ｖ新凡叫新肪€能提供獨特的購物體驗。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.”（上?；春Ｖ新窡o疑是年輕一代的最愛，也是這座城市最具活力的商業(yè)街之一。）以及“There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一個巨大的牛角面包形狀的健身房，在那里你可以拍出獨特的照片。）可推知，上?；春Ｖ新愤m合熱衷于健身設備，更喜歡創(chuàng)新的東西的韋德。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WukangRd.中“WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.”（武康路被譽為上海市中心最具歐洲風格的地區(qū)之一，沿途有巴金等名人的故居和文物。獨特的建筑包括標志性的武康大廈，建于1924年，形似一艘巨大的帆船，已成為網(wǎng)紅和游客的熱門目的地。）以及SinanRd.中“Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.”（作為一條文化大道，思南路擁有豐富的名人歷史，他們的故事就像傳家寶一樣珍貴。追尋時間的痕跡，人們可以瞥見塑造了這個地方的動蕩的歷史事件。沿途的建筑有周恩來總理官邸、梅蘭芳故居、孫中山故居等。它們既有傳統(tǒng)的上海弄堂，也有西式的餐廳和酒吧。作為上海著名的歷史文化區(qū)，思南路見證了這座城市百年的變遷。）可知，武康路和思南路的共同之處是兩者都有具有歷史意義的標志性建筑。故選B項。BAsingleworking-classwomannamedChristineleftherchildathomeduetoovertimeworkandfoundhersonmissingwhenshereturnedhome.Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.Fivemonthslater,thepolicesuddenlytoldChristinethattheyhadfoundhersonandbroughtalargegroupofmediatothetrainstationtomeethim.AlthoughChristineimmediatelyrecognizedthattheboywasnotherson,thelittleboyinsistedrepeatedlythathewasherson,andthepolicechiefalsotriedtopersuadeherthatshemightnotrecognizehimafterbeingawayfromhimforsolong.Asaresult,newspaperswerefilledwithnewsofthereunionofmotherandson,andtheLosAngelespoliceregainedsomeface.However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.Christinethenrealizedthatmanyofthewomentherewereimprisonedforopposingthepoliceandwouldonlybereleasediftheypromisednottocauseanymoretrouble.Fortunately,ChristinehadthesupportofPastorGustavBriegleb,whohadalwayshatedthepolice.HehelpedChristinetransformfromahelplesswomanintoafighterwhostoodincourtandconfrontedtheLosAngelespolice.Ontheotherhand,thewhereaboutsofhersongraduallybecameclearwiththearrestofapsychopathickiller.Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.Christinespentherentirelifesearchingforherson,butsheneverfoundhimuntilherdeath.Thistruestoryfilledwithadversityandcouragewasadaptedintoaclassicsuspensefilmin2008.4.WhatwastheinitialresponseofthepolicewhenChristinereportedhersonmissing?A.Theyimmediatelybegansearchingforthechild.B.Theydeclinedtoacceptthereportwithinoneday.C.TheyquestionedChristine’smentalstate.D.Theyprovidedafullinvestigationfromthestart.5.WhydidChristinebelievetheboypresentedtoherbythepolicewasnotherson?A.Becausehedidn’tlooklikeherphysically.B.Becausehedidn’trecognizeherimmediately.C.Becausesomeofhisphysicalfeaturesdidn’tfit.D.Becausethepolicechieftoldhershemightnotrecognizehim.6.WhatwasthefateofChristineaftersheinsistedthattheboywasnotherson?A.Shewaspraised. B.Shewasreleased.C.Shewasimprisoned. D.Shewassupported.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChristine’ssonfromthepassage?A.Hemanagedtoescapefromthepsychopathickillerandlivedahappylife.B.Hebravelyreturnedtohelpanothervictim,buthisfateremainedunknown.C.HewaseventuallyfoundaliveandreunitedwithChristine.D.Hehadbeenlivingwiththekillerallalong,unawareofhistrueidentity.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個真實的故事，一位母親因兒子失蹤而與警方產(chǎn)生的一系列互動和斗爭，以及她堅持不懈地尋找兒子的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.(警方最初在24小時內(nèi)拒絕受理報案，之后案件也幾乎沒有進展。)”可知，警方最初在24小時內(nèi)拒絕接受報案，即一天內(nèi)拒絕接受報案。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.(然而，根據(jù)男孩的身高、是否接受過包皮手術以及牙醫(yī)和老師的判斷，Christine確信這個孩子絕對不是她的。)”可知，Christine是根據(jù)男孩的某些身體特征不符合而認定警方交給她的男孩不是她兒子。故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.(她希望警方能繼續(xù)尋找她的兒子，但她的請求被拒絕，甚至還被當作精神病患者關進了精神病院。)”可知，Christine的請求被拒絕，甚至還被當作精神病患者關進了精神病院。這等同于說她被囚禁了。故選C。7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.(她的兒子有機會逃脫，但他毅然決然地回到殺手的農(nóng)場去幫助另一個倒下的同伴，從此之后，就再也沒有了他的消息。)”可知，Christine的兒子勇敢地回去幫助另一個受害者，但他的命運仍然未知。故選B。CI’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused,becauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic.It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.WhatIhatemostduringeverytripishearing,“Thisplaceisperfectforphotos,takeafewforme.”Itseemsourtravelshavebecomenothingmorethancheck-insandphotosessions.Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof“checkingin”.Travelhaschanged,andsohavemanyaspectsofourlives.Weexperiencetoolittlegenuinejoywithin.I’veaskedmystudentswhytheystudy,andalmostallofthemanswerthatit’stobeadmittedintoagooduniversity,seekagoodjob,andearnalotofmoney.Idon’tthinkthesearewrongorevenunnecessaryaspirations,butwhereisourinnerhappinessandpeace?Whenwillwebeabletotravelforthesakeoftraveling,tolearnforthesakeoflearning,togoshoppingforthesakeofgoingshoppingandtopreserveourauthenticity?Afterall,wearehumanbeings.Howmanyofusarelivingday-to-day,goingthroughthemotions,turninglifeintoachore,amereexistence?Westillhave“poetryanddistanthorizons”topursue.Wemuststriveforwhattrulydefinesusashuman,orwerisklosingourhumanity.8.Whichofthefollowingwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“fanatic”inparagraph1?A.Journalist. B.Psychologist. C.Enthusiast. D.Artist.9.Whatistheauthor’smainreasonforhatingtravelingnowadays?A.Theinconvenienceofmoderntransportation. B.Theincreasingcostoftraveling.C.Theovercrowdingoftouristattractions. D.Theshiftinpeople’sperceptionoftraveling.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe“moderntraveltrilogy”?A.Favorable. B.Disapproving. C.Indifferent. D.Ambiguous.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?A.Theauthorregretsbecomingatravelfanatic.B.Modernsocietyhaslosttouchwithgenuineexperiences.C.Travelingisnolongeranenjoyableactivity.D.Thepurposeoftravelinghasshiftedtosocialmedia.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要談論了作者對現(xiàn)代旅行目的與方式的不滿，并探討了人們在現(xiàn)代社會中缺乏真實體驗的問題?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“I’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused(我開始討厭旅行了。當我的朋友們聽到我這么說時，他們都很震驚和困惑)”說明朋友對作者討厭旅行的說法感到震驚和困惑，因為作者非常熱愛旅行，從而推知“becauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic(因為我是一個絕對的旅行fanatic)”中劃線詞fanatic應為“狂熱者，愛好者”的意思，與C項同義。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜歡旅行本身；相反，我不喜歡現(xiàn)代人給它的新定義，這是對旅游業(yè)的一種根本錯誤的理解。)”和第二段“Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(旅行不再是欣賞風景，驚嘆祖國的壯麗景色，或者體驗新的生活方式。相反，我看到的是一大群人在拍照和查看地點，幾乎沒有人停下來真正沉浸在他們自己的眼睛和心靈的風景和經(jīng)歷中。曾經(jīng)詩意的旅程已經(jīng)變成了所謂的現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，離開。現(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個完全由自己的帖子構建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點，完成‘簽到’的任務。)”可知，作者現(xiàn)在討厭旅行的主要原因是人們對旅行觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜歡旅行本身;相反，我不喜歡現(xiàn)代人給它的新定義，這是對旅游業(yè)的一種根本錯誤的理解。)”以及第二段中“Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(曾經(jīng)詩意的旅程已經(jīng)變成了所謂的現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，離開?，F(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個完全由自己的帖子構建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點，完成‘簽到’的任務。)”可知，作者對“現(xiàn)代旅行三部曲”持不贊成的態(tài)度。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(現(xiàn)在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒體上發(fā)帖子，向大家炫耀，讓自己沉浸在一個完全由自己的帖子構建的世界里。旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮H僅是參觀簽到點，完成‘簽到’的任務。)”可知，作者在文章中暗示了旅行的目的已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了社交媒體。故選D項。DThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.Ofcourse,heroismandcouragecanappearinmanyforms,andmenandwomenrisktheirreputations,health,andsocialstandingtodowhattheythinkisright.Whenitcomestophysicallyriskybravery,peopleassumethatmenwilltakethelead.Therearesoundbiologicalreasonsforthisfixedimage.Oneofthemostcommonfearsinmenisthatthey’llbeoutedasacoward(懦夫),andamanwhofailstodisplayphysicalcouragewillsufferdamagetohisreputationinawaythatawomanwillnot.Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同齡人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.Peopletendtohaveanideaofwhatheroesarelike.Whenratingthepersonalitiesofmovieheroes,participantsexpectedthemtobemorecarefulandhard-working,opentoexperience,agreeable,andemotionallystablethantheaverageperson!Butsomestudiesindicatethatpeoplewhoexhibitheroicbehaviorscorehighonpersonalityusuallyassociatedwithmadmen:risk-taking,sensationseeking,coolnessunderstress,andatendencytotakeoverinsocialsituations.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenpersonalityandheroismisatanearlystage.Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.12.Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bypresentingaconcept.C.Byexplainingatheory. D.Bydrawingaconclusion.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getpunched”inparagraph2mean?A.Bepurchased. B.Begifted. C.Beobtained. D.Beabandoned.14.Whyisitdifficulttopredictwhowillactheroicallyinacrisis?A.Heroesandordinarypeoplearealwaysdifficulttotellapart.B.Heroismisaphenomenoninfluencedbynumerousfactors.C.Unknowncircumstancesplayacrucialroleinheroicacts.D.Individualpersonalityisnotareliableindicatorofheroism15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowAreHeroesTrained? B.WhoAretheTrueHeroes?CWhyAreHeroesEssential? D.WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞“為什么有些人在關鍵時刻能展現(xiàn)出英勇行為，而有些人卻不能”這一主題進行論述，探討了英勇行為的多種表現(xiàn)形式、生物學原因、與個性的關系以及研究的現(xiàn)狀和未來展望?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.(三名年輕的美國男子在一列擁擠的火車上遇到了一名全副武裝的恐怖分子。他們不顧個人安危，沖向恐怖分子并將其控制。只有一些人似乎能在這種千鈞一發(fā)之際展現(xiàn)出英勇行為。為什么有些人能在關鍵時刻挺身而出，而有些人卻不能，這個問題一直難以解釋。)”可知，在第一段中，作者通過描述三名年輕美國男子在火車上遇到恐怖分子并控制其的情境，為文章的主題——英勇行為的出現(xiàn)——提供了一個具體的例子。這種引入方式是通過實際事件或場景來吸引讀者，并引導讀者進入文章的主題。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同齡人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.(在人類歷史上，在同齡人中獲得高地位或支配地位一直是男性吸引伴侶和繁衍后代……的“門票”。)”可知，男性需要“門票”來吸引伴侶和繁衍后代，這里“ticket”比喻為達到某個目的所需的條件或資格，而“getpunched”則比喻為“獲得”這個條件或資格。選項A“Bepurchased(被購買)”；選項B“Begifted(被贈送)”；選項C“Beobtained(被獲得)”；選項D“Beabandoned(被放棄)”。故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.(心理學家仍然無法提前預測誰會在需要時英勇地挺身而出。通常，英雄只是一個在非凡情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處其中的普通人。同時，一些接受過英勇行為訓練的人在危機時刻可能會猶豫不決。未來的災難將呼喚更多的真正英勇行為。希望合適的情境和個性的結合能讓勇氣戰(zhàn)勝一切。)”可知，英勇行為并不是由單一因素決定的，而是受多種因素影響的。此外，雖然個性與英勇行為之間有關系，但研究仍處于初級階段，且有些受過英勇行為訓練的人在危機時刻也可能會猶豫。因此，很難根據(jù)個性或其他單一因素來預測誰在危機中會表現(xiàn)出英勇行為。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.(為什么有些人能在關鍵時刻挺身而出，而有些人卻不能，這個問題一直難以解釋。心理學家已通過生物學和個性心理學對這個問題進行了探究。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要探討了是什么因素促使一些人在關鍵時刻展現(xiàn)出英勇行為，而其他人卻不能。它涉及了英勇行為的多種表現(xiàn)形式、生物學原因、與個性的關系以及研究的現(xiàn)狀和未來展望。因此，文章的核心是探討是什么造就了英雄，即是什么因素促使人們表現(xiàn)出英勇行為。選項D“WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?(是什么造就了英雄？)”準確地概括了文章的主題和核心內(nèi)容。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MastertheABCTheory:ChangeYourCognitionandSayGoodbyetoNegativeEmotions“WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”___16___Ifso,whynotgiveABCtheoryatryandletyourselfdeeplyunderstandyouremotionalandbehavioralreactions,soyoucanmakeachange!TheABCTheoryinpsychologicaltheoriesisafundamentalconceptwithinCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT),firstintroducedbyAmericanpsychologistAlbertEllisinthe1950s.Thistheoryprimarilyservestoexplainhowhumanemotionsandbehaviorsareinfluencedbyourcognitionsandinterpretationsofevents.___17___A(ActivatingEvent):Referstothespecificeventorsituationexperiencedbyanindividual,servingasthedirectexternalstimulusthattriggerssubsequentreactions.B(Belief):Containsanindividual’sinterpretation,evaluation,andbeliefsregardingtheactivatingevent,includingtheircorebeliefsandautomaticthoughtsinspecificcontexts.C(Consequence):Denotesthebehavioral,andpsychologicaloutcomesresultingfromthesebeliefs.___18___TheABCTheoryemphasizesthatitisnottheactivatingeventitself(A)butratheranindividual’sbeliefsandinterpretationsoftheseevents(B)thatgiverisetotheiremotionalandbehavioraloutcomes(C).___19___Bychallenging,andalteringtheseirrationalbeliefs,emotionalandbehavioralimprovementscanbeachieved.Sowhenfacingemotionaldistress,youcanregulateyouremotionsbyadjustingyourcognitivepatterns—alteringyourbeliefsorperspectivesoneventstomanageyouremotions.___20___A.Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?B.Areyouconfidentandpositiveaboutyourcircumstances?C.TheseexamplesalldemonstratetheapplicationofABCtheoryindailylife.D.Differentbeliefsleadtovaryingemotionalresponsesandbehavioralconsequences.E.BelowisanexplanationoftheABCTheory:F.Thus,Ellisbelievedthatmostpsychologicalproblemsstemfromirrationalbeliefs.G.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Whynotgiveitatry?【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了ABC理論，即認知行為療法中的一個基本概念，旨在幫助人們理解情緒和行為反應，并通過改變認知來改善情緒和行為?！?6題詳解】上文““WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”(“我為什么這么笨？我這次考得這么差。我未來的考試也一定會失敗。我這次排名這么低，我真的完了。我的英語成績只有110分左右，太可怕了，我不能繼續(xù)學習了”)”提到了一系列負面的自我評價和情緒，A選項“Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?